• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2019

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is widely known for its beneficial effects on human health. To investigate the beneficial effects of polysaccharides from cherry tomato, cherry tomato polysaccharides (CTP) were prepared, the component sugars were analyzed, and the immunomodulatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages were assessed. CTP mainly contained arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal), suggesting that CTP might be enriched with an arabinogalactan (AG) moiety. The Ara and Gal present in CTP are likely components of AG-II (35.4%), namely $arabino-{\beta}-(3,6)-galactan$. To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of CTP, cytokine levels and iNOS2, COX-2, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ protein levels were analyzed, and $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and phagocytosis were observed by immunofluorescence. CTP significantly increased the levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$, MCP-1, and IL-6. CTP also increased iNOS2 and COX-2 expression as well as $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation in RAW 264.7 cells. CTP significantly stimulated phagocytosis activity. These results showed that CTP stimulates macrophage activity, which can boost the innate immune response. CTP with high AG-II content could be used as a prebiotic to strengthen immunity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 1997

Anodic regeneration of PCB enchant and cathodic deposition of copper using electrochemical method has been studied. Cu(I)/Cu(II) concentration ratio as a function of Cu(I) oxidation at the anode was measured from the potential difference between platinum and Ag/AgCl/4M KCl electrodes. Chlorine gas evolution was minimized by maintaining Cu(I) concentration above a specific concentration and using non-porous graphite electrode. Dendritic copper deposition was observed at the cathode and the optimum conditions for Cu deposition was identified as the current density of $360mA/cm^2$, and copper concentration of 12 g/l. Titanium was the most effective cathode material which showed a higher current efficiency and copper recovery. The current efficiency decreased with increasing temperature, but the highest power efficiency was achieved at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.198-212
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• 2002

The effects of reacted precursors on phase evolution, microstructure, $J_{c}$ and junctional characteristic of the inter-granular contacts were investigated in Ag-sheathed T1-1223 tapes prepared using three kinds of reacted precursors, and compared to those in the tape prepared using an unreacted precursor The precursors were prepared by heat-treating a mixture of Sr-Ba-Ca-Cu-O, $Tl_2$$O_3$, PbO and $Bi_2$$O_3$ powders at $805^{\circ}C$ (precursor I ), $840^{\circ}C$ (precursor II ) and $905^{\circ}C$(precursor III) for 20 min. Tl-1223 phase content, grain size and J\ulcorner in the tapes appeared to increase in an order of precursors I, II and III Compared to tapes prepared using an unreacted precursor, the tapes prewar ed using precursors II and III revealed reduced pore and impurity densities and an enhanced texture. Also characteristic of inter -granular contacts and fraction of strong-links were improved. The improved properties are attributed to enhanced densification resulting from using the reacted precursors.s.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.253-266
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• 1989

The Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag hydrothermal vein type deposits which comprise the Dongil and Dong-cheogogsan mines occur within the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in the Euiseong Basin of the southern Korean peninsula. The ore mineralization is contained within three stage(I,II and III) quartz and calcite veins. Ore minerals occur as dominant chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite and Pb, Ag, Sb and Bi-bearing sulfosalts. Stage I ore minerals were deposited between $400^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$ from the fluid with moderate salinities(7.0 to 4.5 eq. wt. % NaCl). Evidence of boiling suggests pressure of less than 150 bars during stage I mineralization. This pressure corresponds to maximum depths of 650 m and 1700 m, respectively, assuming lithostatic and hydrostatic loads. The data on mineralogy, temperature and salinity, together with information on the solubility of Cu complex, suggest that Cu deposition is a result of boiling coupled with declining temperature from $350^{\circ}$ to $250^{\circ}C$ or declining log $a_{o_2}$(from -29.8 to -35.9 atm.)and increasing in pH. Pb, Ag, Sb and Bi-bearing sulfosalts were deposited by cooling and dilution at temperature of less than $250^{\circ}C$ from the ore fluid with less than -35.9 atm. of log $a_{o_2}$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.279-287
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• 1995

This study examined the anti-cancer effects of diallyl sulfide(DAS) and/or diallyl disulfide(DDS), major components of garlic oil, with the DEN-PH model in rats, by the numbers and areas per cm$^2$ of induced glutathion S-transferase placental form(GST-P) positive foci and silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions(Ag-NORs) counts per nuclei in liver as indicator. Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were given the diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) as initiator and 2 weeks later, in experiment 1, rats were treated with DAS(200 mg/kg, i.g.) and/or DDS(50 mg/kg, i.g.) for 6 weeks, respectively and concomitantly and also were given the same dose of DAS and/or DDS prior to DEN treatment for 2 weeks, and in experiment II, rats were treated with potential cancer promoter, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, 20 mg/kg, i.g.). The DAS and/or DDS were treated prior to 2-AAF for 8 weeks, respectively and concomitantly. Then the anti-promoting effects of DAS and/or DDS were assessed. All rats were subjected to the two-thirds partial hepatectomy(PH) at week 3 and sacrificed at week 8. In experiment I, DAS and/or DDS treatment only prior to DEN showed inhibition of the development of GST-P positive foci. In experiment II, DAS and/or DDS treatment prior to 2-AAF promotion showed obvious inhibition of the development of GST-P positive foci in numbers and areas and AgNORs counts. In conclusion, We found DAS and/or DDS had the preventive effects on the hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and the concomitant treatment had some additive effects compared with the each treatment and AgNORs counts correlated well with the preneoplastic hepatic lesion.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1997

Water-soluble phosphate glasses containing Ag and Cu ion were prepared through melting process. Dis-solution characteristics, bactericidal effect and cytotoxicity were investigated with composition and time in D. I. water using the powdered sample. Surface change were observed with increasing dissolution time us-ing the bulk specimen. Dissolution amount was maximum at the molar Ag:Cu ratio of 1 and increased with increasing time. The behavior of dissolution was total dissolution from the early stage. But no new layer was observed at the glass surface during dissolution. The bactericidal effect for pseudomonas sp, e. coli, sta-phylococcus aureus, and salmonella increased with increasing dissolution amount and therefore great bac-tericidal effect appeared. The result of cytotoxicity experiment to L929 showed that solution with more than 10 ppm of Ag ion had strong cytotoxicity.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1995

The Kamkye Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag deposits occur as quartz veins that filled fault-related fractures of NW system developed in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang basin. Three major stages of mineral deposition are recognized: (1) the stage I associated with wall rock alteration, such as sericite, chlorite, epidote and pyrite, (2) the early stage II of base-metal mineralization such as pyrite, hematite, and small amounts of sphalerite and chalcopyrite. and the middle to late stage II of Cu-As-Sb-Au-Ag-S mineralization, such as sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena with tetrahedrite, tennantite, pearceite, Pb-Bi-Cu-S system, argentite and electrum. (3) the stage III of supergene mineralization, such as covellite, chalcocite and malachite. K-Ar dating of alteration sericite is a late Cretaceous ($74.0{\pm}1.6Ma$) and it may be associated with granitic activity of nearby biotite granite and quartz porphyry. Fluid inclusion data suggest a complex history of boiling, cooling and dilution of ore fluids. Stage II mineralization occurred at temperatures between 370 to $220^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities of 8.4 to 0.9 wt.% NaCl. Early stage II($320^{\circ}C$, 2.0 wt.% NaCl) may be boiled due to repeated fracturing which opened up the hydrothermal system to the land surface, and which resulted in a base-metal sulfide. Whilst the fractures were opened to the surface, mixing of middle-late stage II ore fluids with meteoric waters resulted in deposition of Cu-As-Sb-Au-Ag minerals from low temperature fluids(${\leq}290^{\circ}C$). Boiling of ore fluids may be occured at a pressure of 112 bar and a depth of 412 m. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation of sphalerite-tetraherite assemblages in middle stage II indicates that the ore-forming fluid had log fugacities of $S_2$ of -6.6~-9.4 atm.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 1971

It is shown that the impurities of Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) in Bismuth metal and the components of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Sn(IV) in Bismuth alloy are separated into their components from each other by elutions through $3.14cm^2{\times}10cm$ cation exchange resin, $Dowex\;50w\;{\times}\;8$ (100~200 mesh), column with the mixed solutions of HAc and NaAc as the eluents. The elution curve of Fe(III) has a long tailing and is not separated quantitatively from Bi(III). The eluents used for this separation are as follows; 1M HAc + 0.1M NaAc (pH 3.36) for Fe(III) and Bi (III). 0.3M HAc + 0.3M NaAc (pH 4.70) for Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). 0.5M HAc + 0.5M NaAc (pH4.70) for Ag(I) and Sn(IV). The analysis of cations eluted are carried out by spectrophotometry and EDTA titrimetry. Their recoveries are more than 99%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 1992

Two types of $endo-{\beta}-1,3-glucanases$ were purified from green malt and their basic characteristics were studied. Molecular weights of glucanase I and glucanase II were estimated, by electrophoresis, to be 35,000 and 28,000, respectively. Purified glucanase I and II showed the highest activity at pH $5.0{\sim}7.0$ and $5.0{\sim}8.0$, respectively. The optimal temperature of purified glucanase I and II was $40^{\circ}C$. Purified glucanase I and glucanase II were stable at $40^{\circ}$ for 60 min and at $50^{\circ}$ for 30 min. All enzymes were inactivited by $AgNO_3$ and $HgCl_2$ while those were not activated by various compounds tried. Km values of glucanase I and II were 1.03 mg/ml, 1.20 mg/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1654-1663
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• 2018

Finding a safe and broad-spectrum medication is a goal of scientists, pharmacists, and physicians, but developing and fabricating the right medicine can be challenging. The current study describes the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Fusarium mangiferae. It involves the antibiofilm activity of the nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. It also involves cytotoxic effect against mammalian cell lines. Well-dispersed nanoparticles are formed by F. mangiferae. The sizes of the nanoparticles were found to range from 25 to 52 nm, and UV-Vis scan showed absorption around 416-420 nm. SEM, TEM, and AFM results displayed spherical and oval shapes. Furthermore, the FTIR histogram detected amide I and amide II compounds responsible for the stability of AgNPs in an aqueous solution. AgNPs were observed to decrease the formation of biofilm at 75% (v/v). DNA reducing, smearing, and perhaps fragmentation were noticed after treating the bacterial cells with 50% (v/v). Additionally, cell lysis was detected releasing proteins in the supernatant. It was also observed that the AgNPs have the ability to cause 59% cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) deaths at 25% (v/v), however, they showed about 31% toxicity against rat embryo fibroblast transformed cell lines (REF). The results of this study prove the efficiency of AgNPs as an antibiofilm against S. aureus, suggesting that AgNPs could be an alternative to antibiotics. It must also be emphasized that AgNPs displayed cytotoxic behavior against mammalian cell lines. Further studies are needed for assessing risk in relation to the possible benefit of prescribing AgNPs.