• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1284-1293
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effect of aromatherapy on skin xerosis and pruritus in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Twenty one subjects of this study were selected from St. Paul's Hosipital in Seoul. All the subjects were received the mineral oil massage at the arm without fistular three timesper week for 4 weeks. After 2 weeks period of wash-out, the subjects were received the aromatherapy of lavender and tea tree essence oil in the same way. This study was carried out from March 20 to June 13, 1998. Pruritus score, skin pH and stratum corneum hydration were measured before and after each treatment. But, biochemical parameters were measured before the treatment of the mineral oil massage, after the treatment of the mineral oil massage and the aromatherapy. Data of this study were analyzed by paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were as follows ; 1. Pruritus score was significantly decreased after the aromatherapy, while no significant change after the treatment of the mineral oil massage. Therefore, there was a significant difference in the priritus score between the two treatments. 2. Stratum corneum hydration was significantly increased after the aromatherapy, while no significant change after the treatment of the mineral oil massage. Therefore, there was a significant difference in the stratum corneum hydration between the two treatments. 3. Skin pH was significantly increased after the treatment of the mineral oil massage, while no significant change after the aromatherapy. Therefore, there was no significant difference in the skin pH between the two treatments.4. After the aromatherapy, the serum calcium was significantly increased. Whereas the serum parathyroid hormone intact was significantly decreased compared with the treatment of the mineral oil massage. But the level of the serum Ca and PTH-intact were within the normal range. 5. Stratum corneum hydration was decreased corresponding to the duration of hemodialysis, while pruritus score and skin pH showed no change corresponding to the duration of hemodialysis and the age of the subjects. The correlation of pruritus score on skin pH, stratum corneum hydration and biochemical parameters was not significant. In conclusion, this findings indicate that aromatherapy may be effective in decreasing skin xerosis and pruritus score in uremic pruritus patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) in the patients of dysmenorrhea. A total of thirty subjects were assigned randomly to one of the two experimental groups or to a control group : 1) an Experimental group I received high-frequency TENS(100pps with a 100-microsecond pluse width), 2) an Experimental group II received low-frequency TENS(2pps with a 100-microsecond pulse width), 3) a Control group received medication(Acetaminophen 600mg). All subjects completed visual analogue scale(VAS) pre-treatment; after post-treatment; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours post-treatment; and the next morning. The results of study were as follows; 1. The mean pain scores decreased in thru groups. 2. The experimental group II and the control group exhibited a significant decrease in pain post - treatment. 3. The experimental group I had the pain relief obtained after three hours post - treatment. The experimental group II had the pain relief obtained immediately after the post - treatment Control group had the pain relief obtained immediately after the post - treatment, but increased pain after four hours of post-treatment. Finally. this result suggests that TENS can reduce significantly the pain of dysmenorrhea. Besides. low-frequency TENS provided a good result to the excellent subjective pain relief in the subject, compared with high-frequency TENS and medication.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 1991

The authors examined the patterns and various ranges of mandibular movements in TMJ lock closed patients in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal plane pre-end post-treatment. And the author obtained the following results. 1. In the frontal plane, the patterns and ranges of mandibular movement of the patients were very irregular and small before treatment. But after the treatment, the patterns were similar to the typical shield shape of the normal subjects. And the velocity of opening and closing was improved after the treatment. 2. In the sagittal plane, the mean amount of maximum mouth opening was 27.0±4.0mm before treatment and 44.0±5.4mm after treatment. And there was statistically significant improvement(p<0.005). The patterns of the movement were very irregular and small before treatment, but were similar to the shape of "Posselt's envelope of motion" after the treatment. The velocity of opening and closing was improved after the treatment 3. In the horizontal plane, the mean amount of maximum laterotrusion was 8l2±2.5mm in the affected side and 6.7±2.2mm in the non-affected side before treatment. There was a significant difference between the sides(p<0.05). After the treatment, the mean was 10.4±2.6mm in the affected side and 8.9±2.3mm in the non-affected side and there was no significant difference between the sides(p>0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean amount of maximum protrusion between the before and aftertreatment(p>0.05), but the patterns of the movements were improved.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.170-180
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• 2009

Objectives : To assess clinical improvement and change in plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) level after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Methods : Seven patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia, who were proven to be treatment-resistant, were treated with 15 sessions of rTMS for three weeks as an adjuvant therapy to antipsychotic treatment. Clinical improvement and change in plasma BDNF level were measured after the treatment period. The symptom severity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and the Korean Version of Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia(K-CDSS) at baseline and 7 days after the treatment. Plasma BDNF level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) at baseline and 7 days after the treatment. Results : After the rTMS treatment, there was no significant improvement in PANSS total score(Z=-1.693, p=0.090) and no significant change in plasma BDNF was found(Z=-1.183, p=0.237). Negative correlations were found between percentage change in PANSS positive subscale score and duration of illness(rho=-0.991, N=7, p<0.0005, two-tailed), and PANSS negative subscale score at baseline and percentage change in plasma BDNF level(rho=-0.821, N=7, p=0.023, two-tailed). Conclusion : This preliminary study suggests that rTMS didn't make a significant change in clinical symptoms nor in plasma BDNF level in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Percentage change in plasma BDNF, however, might be correlated with treatment resistance in schizophrenic patients. This is a pilot study with a small sample size, therefore, a further study with a larger sample size is needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.3 s.38
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• pp.647-656
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the elastic memory process in cold worked stainless steel wire and the effect of heat treatment on it. 0.018 inch round and $0.019\times0.025$ inch rectangular wire (ORMCO stainless wire) were used in this study. Each wire type had 4 groups: non-heat treatment group, furnace heat treatment group, electric current heat treatment group, and bending after heat treatment group. Each group was consisted of 10 specimens. With the Jig, each wire was bent into v-shape uniformly, and width of two free ends of each v-shaped wire was measured by caliper (to the point of 0.1 mm correctly) at time interval of offjig, after heat treatment, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 days, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after. The results were as follows: 1. In non-heat treatment group and bending after heat treatment group, elastic memory process was occured $60\%$ within 1 hour, and more than $90\%$ within 1 week. 2. In furnace and electric current heat treatment group, almost all elastic memory process was occured during teat treatment, and then specimen was stabilized dimensionally. 3. Magnitude of deformation by elastic memory was greater in heat treatment group than non heat treatment group and bending after heat treatment group. 4. There was no remarkable difference in deformation pattern between 0.018 inch round wire and $0.019\times0.025$ inch rectangular wire.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2002

The aim of study carried out to determine the effects of myofascial release on the cranial arteries velocity from November 11, 2001 to March 29, 2002 the objects were 10 patients who having the tension-type headache at H-hospital This research compared with measure the mean flow velocity middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, vertebral cerebral artery. Result obtain were as follows; 1. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity between pre treatment and after treatment for 10days experiment was significantly increased 9.76cm/s(p<0.05)in right, 4.88cm/s(p<0.05)in left. 2. Posterior cerebral artery blood velocity between pre treatment and after treatment experiment was difference 6.35cm/s(p<0.01)in right, 5.14cm/s(p<0.01)in left, between pre treatment and after treatment for 5days experiment was 11.48cm/s(p<0.01)in right, 10.74cm/s(p<0.01)in left, between pre treatment and treatment for 10days experiment was 12.92cm/s(p<0.001) in right, 12.68cm/s(p<0.001) in left. 3. Vertebral artery blood velocity between pre treatment and post treatment experiment was difference 4.48cm/s(p<0.05)in right, 6.10cm/s(p<0.05) in left, between pre treatment and after treatment for 5days experiment was 12.50cm/s(p<0.001)in right, 14.40cm/s(p<0.001)in left, between pre treatment and after treatment for 10days experiment was 14.70cm/s(p<0.001)in right, 13.90cm/s(p<0.001)in left.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1994

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effects of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation 2) to compare surface electrode with needle electrode at somatic acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold measured at the distal end of the radius 3) to determine the changes in effect over time. A total of sixty healthy adult male and female subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental group or to a control group. Group 1(n=20) received MENS(Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation) with surface electrode. Group 2(n=20) received HENS with needle electrode. Group 3(n=20) received no MENS. It measured experimental pain threshold at the wrist on pretreatment, 0 min after treatment. 15 min after treatment, 30 min after treatment in two experimental group. The results were as follows: 1. Experimental pain thresholds were higher in males than females(P<0.01). 2. Only the experimental group exhibited a significant increased in pain threshold after MENS treatment(P<0.05). 3. Surface electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but greatly decrease 30 min after treatment. 4. Needle electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but decrease 30 min after treatment. The results suggest that MENS applied to appropriate somatic acupuncture point can increase pain threshold. Further research is needed to assess the effects of greatly variety intensity of MENS of pain sufferes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2009

We measured changes in sonographic findings of patients with clonorchiasis after a treatment in a highly endemic area. A total of 347 residents showed positive stool results for Clonorchis sinensis eggs in a village in northeastern China, and were treated with praziquantel. Of them, 132 patients underwent abdominal sonography both before and 1 year after treatment, and the changes in sonographic findings of 83 cured subjects were compared. Diffuse dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts (DDIHD) was found in 82 patients (98.2%) before and 80 (96.4%) after treatment, which was improved in 3, aggravated in 1, and unchanged in 79 patients. Increased periductal echogenicity (IPDE) as observed in 42 patients (50.6%) before and 45 (54.2%) after treatment, which was improved in 5, aggravated in 8, and unchanged in 70 patients. Floating echogenic foci in the gallbladder (FEFGB) was detected in 32 patients (38.6%) before and 17 (20.5%) after treatment, which was improved in 20, aggravated in 5, and unchanged in 58 patients. Improvement of FEFGB only was statistically significantly (P = 0.004). The present results confirm that DDIHD and IPDE persist but FEFGB decreases significantly at 1 year after treatment. In a heavy endemic area, the sonographic finding of FEFGB may suggest active clonorchiasis 1 year after treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 1994

Using a flue-cured tobacco variety, BU 109, effect of growth regulators(Fatty Alcohol and C-MH) on the change of invertase activity and sugar metabolites were investigated. Invertase activity in untreated leaf tissue was decreased along with maturation of leaf, However, a momentary increase of the activity was observed in leaves by the dual treatment of fatty alcohol and C-MH regardless of leaf position while sole C-MH treatment resulted in activity increase by 14 days after the treatment. Similar tendency was observed in stalk. Sugar content in leaf was increased immediately after the treatment but no significant increase at large resulted until 14 days after treatment. After harvest, reducing sugar was increased by the growth regulators. Nevertheless, in case of dual treatment, the total sugar content was not different with that of untreated control. R/T ratio was gradually increased after topping stage and reached maximum at 14 days after treatment of growth regulators. It decreased a little after harvest but the RR ratio was relatively higher due to increase of reducing sugar resulted by the treatment of the chemicals. Upon treatment of growth regulators, reducing sugar content was increased in lugs and leaves compared to untreated control and the content of sugar metabolites was increased by the use of the chemicals either at lower or higher than recommended dose. Key words : MH, FA, invertase activity, total sugar, reducing sugar

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3095-3099
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in India. Understanding quality of life (QOL) in women undergoing chemo-radiotherapy for cervical cancer will help in introducing interventions for better care and outcomes in these women. This study assessed QOL before and after chemo-radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This follow-up study covered sixty-seven newly diagnosed women with advanced cervical cancer (stages 2b to 4b). Structured questionnaires (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CX24) were used to assess the change in QOL after 6 months of treatment. Results: The mean age of women at the time of detection of cervical cancer was $52.3{\pm}11.29$ years (Range 30-75 years). Six months survival was 92.53%. The mean global health score of cervical cancer patients after six months of treatment was 59.52, which was significantly higher than the pre-treatment score of 50.15 (p=0.00007). Physical, cognitive and emotional functioning improved significantly (p<0.05) after treatment. Fatigue, pain, insomnia and appetite loss improved but episodes of diarrhea increased after treatment. The mean "symptoms score" using EORTC QLQ-CX24 post treatment was 20.0 which was significantly lower as compared to the pre- treatment score 30.0 (p<0.00001). Sexual enjoyment and sexual functioning decreased significantly after treatment. Conclusions: QOL of newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients improved significantly following chemo-radio therapy. Enhancement was also demonstrated on three of the five functional scales of EORTC QLQ-C30. To further improve QOL, interventions focusing on social and psychological support and physical rehabilitation may be needed.