• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

Purpose: Current study aimed at exploring the effects of ambient anger versus sadness on motive type and coping strategy type when consumers make decision. It focused on whether the negative affects of the anger and the sadness differentially induce approach versus avoidance motive at the place of making decision, and also explored the coping strategy differences between the consumers under the anger and those under the sadness, that is, which strategy is more used between problem-focused strategy and affect-focused strategy when they are under each negative affect. Research design, data and methodology: The experimental groups were divided into two types of group such as the anger-felt group and the sadness-felt group. The experiment was performed with the between-subjects design based on the anger and the sadness. Questionnaire data were collected from undergraduate students assigned to each of the anger group and the sadness group operated by the scenario method, and the data were used to verify research hypotheses by t-test. Results: - First, the anger induced the approach motive more rather than the avoidance motive in making decision. Second, to cope the negative affects, consumers under the anger used problem-focused strategy more than affect-focused strategy, while those under the sadness used affect-focused strategy more than problem-focused strategy. Therefore, this article contributes to the theory related to motive and making decision taken place to consumers under ambient negative emotions. Conclusions: Focusing on the results of this study, there could be managerial implications to brand or product marketing managers. Checking which affect consumers previously felt between anger and sadness when they are under negative affects is at issue to the brand or product marketers when they appeal their brand or product to the consumers. The marketers should build and communicate the messages about their product or brand in the respect of the points of showing problem solution or the best way to handle things to appeal the consumers under the anger. And they should develop and communicate the messages about their product or brand emphasizing the aspects of letting consumers' sad feelings out somehow or controlling their emotions to the consumers under sadness.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2013

In recent years, online brand communities, whereby firms and customers interact freely, are emerging trend, because customers' opinions collected in these communities can help firms to achieve their innovation effectively. In this study, we examined whether customer opinions containing negative emotions have influence on their adoption for organizational innovation. To that end, we firstly classified negative emotions into five categories of detailed negative emotions such as Fear, Anger, Shame, Sadness, and Frustration. Then, we developed a lexicon for each category of negative emotions, using WordNet and SentiWordNet. From 81,543 customer opinions collected from MyStarbucksIdea.com which is Starbucks' brand community, we extracted terms that belong to each lexicon. We conducted an experiment to examine whether the existence, frequency and strength of terms with negative emotions in each category affect the adoption of customer opinions for organizational innovation. In the experiment, we statistically verified that there is a positive relationship between customer ideas containing negative emotions and their adoption for innovation. Especially, Frustration and Sadness out of the five emotions are significantly influential to organizational innovation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Autonomic and EEG responses were analyzed in 32 college students exposed to visual stimulation with Korean Affective Picture System (KAPS) and 36 students exposed to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Cardiac, electrodermal, and electrocortical measures were recorded during 30 sec of viewing affective pictures. The slides intended to elicit basic emotions (fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and sadness) were presented to subjects via Kodak slide-projector. The aim of the study was to differentiate autonomic and EEG responses associated with the same negative valence emotions elicited by KAPS and IAPS stimulation and to identify the influence of cultural relevance on physiological reactivity. The analysis of obtained results revealed significant differences in physiological responsiveness to emotionally negative valence slides from KAPS and IAPS. The typical response profile for all emotions elicited by the KAPS included HR acceleration (except surprise), and increase of electrodermal activity, slow and fast alpha blocking and fast beta power increase in EEG, which was not associated with significant asymmetry (except fast alpha in sadness). Stimulation with the IAPS evoked HR deceleration, specific electrodermal responses with relatively high tonic electrodermal activation, alpha-blocking and fast beta increase, and was accompanied also by theta power increase and marked frontal asymmetry (e.g., fast beta, theta asymmetries in sadness, fast alpha in fear). Physiological responses to fear and anger-eliciting slides from the IAPS were significantly less profound and were accompanied by autonomic and EEG changes more typical for attention rather than negative affect. Higher cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity to fear emotion observed in the KAPS, e.g., as compared to data with the IAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of the KAPS in producing certain emotions such as fear in Koreans.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of facial affect perception among schizophrenia patients, their first degree relatives, and normal control subjects. Methods : Thirty five patients with schizophrenia, 22 first degree relatives, and 34 normal control subjects were recruited in this study. All three groups were matched for age and education levels. The facial affect identification test(FAIT), and neurocognitive test were applied. In the FAIT, the correct response rate, perceived intensity, and sensitivity for 6 kinds of affects were compared among three groups. Results : We found that correct response rate of sadness and anger were decreased in the schizophrenia patients compared with the normal control group. Also the schizophrenia patients showed reduced sensitivity for all six affects compared with the normal control group. The ability of facial affect perception in first degree relatives of schizophrenia patients was decreased but there were not any significant differences compared with normal control group. Conclusion : This study confirmed significantly reduced ability of facial affect perception in schizophrenia patients compared with normal control. Decreased ability of facial affect perception in first degree relatives suggests that affective sensitivity can be influenced by genetic predisposition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3129-3133
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• 2012

Diagnosis and treatment procedures in cancers and resulting anxiety negatively affect the individual and the family. Particularly treatment methods may generate psychological symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine the level of such symptoms in Turkish gynecologic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. A total of 41 patients who were referred to our gynecologic oncology research clinic between January-March 2012, receiving 3 months or more chemotherapy and who agreed to participate were enrolled in study. All the data were collected using a personal information form, Edmonton Symptom Assesment System and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Patients received highest point average from fatigue symptom ($6.53{\pm}2.67$) and lowest point average from dyspnea ($1.53{\pm}3.03$) according to Edmonton Symptom Assesment System. The mean State Anxiety score of patients was $43.1{\pm}9.77$ and mean Trait Anxiety score was $46.7{\pm}7.01$. Comparing symptoms of patients and mean State Anxiety score it was found that there was a statistically significant corelation with symptoms like pain (p<0.05), sadness (p<0.001), insomnia (p<0.05), state of well being (p<0.001) and dyspnea (p<0.05). Similarly comparing symptoms of patients and mean Trait Anxiety score demonstrated significant correlations for fatigue (p<0.05), sadness (p<0.01), insomnia (p<0.01) and state of well-being (p<0.01). As a result, patients with gynecological cancers experienced symptoms related to chemotherapy and a moderate level of anxiety. In accordance, appropriate interventions should recommended for the evaluation and improvement of anxiety and symptoms related to treatment in cancer patients.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.171-180
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to examine how the nested social systems affect the identity development of the local university students, and to explore how they integrate externally imposed identities and internally defined ideas of ego. From the protocol writings and personal face-to-face interviews with 87 local university students, the present study found that the participants tended to identify themselves as a university student rather than a 'local' university student. They were aware of the social prejudices against local university students. Some participants resisted the stereotypes imposed by the media, which they perceived as overly simplistic and biased labeling, while others accepted those with feelings of frustration, inferiority, and sadness. However, they kept making efforts to overcome social prejudices by means of their affection for the local community. The study highlighted that individual identities were constructed in the systems which the individuals belonged to.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

The subjects, 114 mothers with infants from 6- to 24- months of age, were administered the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised(Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003), Adult Temperament Questionnaire(Derryberry & Rothbart, 1988) and Parenting Efficacy(Park & Rha, 2003; Lederman, Weigarten & Lederman, 1981) Boys were more distressed than girls in limitation and in falling reactivity/rate of recovery. Parenting efficacy was greater for mothers with daughters than mothers with sons. Infants' fear and distress to limitation correlated positively with mothers' sadness. Infants' attention span correlated positively with mothers' attentional control, inhibition control and positive control. Parenting efficacy was higher in mothers whose children fall asleep easily and have longer attention spans. Mothers' positive affect and activation control increased and frustration decreased parenting efficacy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.168-176
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• 2010

Audience observing visual media with care experience lots of emotional transition according to characteristics of media. Enjoy, sadness, surprising, etc, a variety of emotional state of audiences is often arranged by James Russell's 'A circumplex model of affect' utilized on psychology. Especially, in various emotions, 'Uncanny' mentioned by Sigmund Freud is represented a sharp medium existing in a crack of clearly emotional conception. Uncanny phenomenon is an emotional state of changing from unpleasant to pleasant on an audience observing visual media is been aware of immoral media generally, therefore, because this is a positive state on a social taboo, we need to analyze with a scientific analysis clearly. Therefore, this study will organize James Russell's 'A circumplex model of affect' and uncanny phenomenon, will be progressed to establish a hypothesis about a state of uncanny on audiences observing visual media and analyze results of the physiological signals experiment based on ECG(Electronic Cardiogram), GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) signals with distribution, distance, and moving time in a circumplex model of affect.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

This study aims to propose color affective model of indoor space by evaluating subjects' physiological responses according to the types of behavioral and affective system. 99 subjects(44 females, 55 males) in their 20s, who had no disorders in visual perception, participated in the experiment. To categorize the subjects based on behavioral and affective system, BAS/BIS scale and Affective scale were used. Color stimuli were composed of five basic colors and three tones: vivid, pale and dull tone of R, Y, G, B, P. For physiological experiment, right and left prefrontal alpha activity was measured to analyze prefrontal EEG asymmetry. Participants were exposed to fifteen color stimuli for 20 seconds each other under the positive and negative emotional condition in a research room with the natural light blocked. The results and conclusion of this study are as follows. Along with factors of behavioral and affective system, cluster analysis was carried out and four types were classified. Type A had high BAS sensitivity, especially high 'drive' trait, and showed high levels of 'anxiety' and 'anger'. Type B had low BAS sensitivity, especially low 'fun seeking' and low 'drive' trait, and showed low levels of 'anxiety' as well as low levels of 'happiness'. Type C had low BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'happiness' and low levels of 'sadness'. Type D had high BIS sensitivity and showed high levels of 'lethargy' and 'sadness'. As a result of EEG signal analysis of color stimuli, Type B, Type C, and Type D showed significant differences in prefrontal alpha asymmetry under the negative emotional stimuli. Type B showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with pale R and dull G. Type C showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and B, pale R, and dull R, G, P. Type D showed more left prefrontal activation in the spaces with vivid Y and P, pale R, Y, P, and dull R, Y, G, B, P. The group of high BAS sensitivity was not influenced by color stimuli under the emotional conditions, whereas the group of high BIS sensitivity was affected by color stimuli under the negative emotional conditions. They showed left prefrontal activation when they were exposed the spaces with vivid, pale, dull tones of Y and P wall.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.74
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• pp.5-43
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• 2022

This study aims to explore the 'affective value' of records. Traditionally, records have been evaluated as having evidence value, information value, and artificial value. However, the 'affective turn' in the humanities and social sciences, which began in the 1990s, calls for discussion on the affective value of records. The overseas archive academia is in full swing discussing the emotional value of records after the 'affective turn'. However, there is no emotional discussion on records in the domestic archive academia. This study first conducts theoretical discussions to overcome these domestic limitations and explore the emotional value of archives in earnest. Following the theoretical discussion, a specific case will be dealt with next. As a representative storage of affect, which records the pain, sadness, and condolences of the domestic disaster era, this study investigates the record management case of the 4.16 Memory Storage. The Ferry Sewol disaster, which provided a dramatic opportunity to witness the unexpected ripple effect of affect in Korea, and the 4.16 Memory Storage as a recording activity, can be seen as a representative example of affective recording of the pain and sadness of survivors of the trauma incident. It will capture the differentiation of affet recording, which is different from the record management practice, and demonstrate empirically how this differentiation is implemented from collection to evaluation and service through the '4.16 Memory Storage'.