• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to advance our knowledge about factors influencing technical startup performance through analysing technical startup process empirically. This study was conducted to focus on industry structure(industry growth rate, competitive intensity, and enter barriers), technology characteristics(technical excellence and wide range of technical application), and the performance in the technology-based start-ups. Specifically, analyzing moderating effect of technology-marketing strategy, this studied how moderating variables affect technical startup performance under industry structure. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this study was technology-based start-ups company that received technology transfer from public organization. The development of the paper model is based on the literature of the preceding research analysis in technology commercialization, performance of technology-based start-ups, and marketing strategy. This study has a construct that was defined in the previous studies, such that technology marketing strategy was defined into the two ways of being broad or narrow in strategic application. From November 3. 2015 to December 22, 220 questionnaires were distributed with targeting to start-up companies in technology-based. 188 responses were collected for empirical analysis except the missing and wrong value responses. This data were used for structural equation modeling and regression analysis. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, as industry structure variables influencing on performance(technical, financial) of technology-based start-ups, industry growth rate, competitive intensity and enter barriers of variables were verified; high growth rate has more positive effect on performance than low growth rate, competitive low intensity has more positive effect on performance than competitive high intensity, low enter barriers have more positive effect on performance than high enter barriers. Second, as technology characteristics variables influences on the performance(technical, financial) of technology-based start-ups, technical excellence and wide range of technical application of variables were verified ; technical high-excellence has more positive effect on performance than technology low-excellence, wide range of technical application has more positive effect on performance than narrow range of technical application. We also find that technology marketing strategy(broad/narrow) in moderating factors on performance (technical, financial) is as follows. Analyzing the moderating effect depending on technology marketing strategy(broad/narrow), application of technology, and the types of technology strategy(broad/narrow) were revealed that broad marketing strategy had a more significant effect on performance of technology-based start-ups. With AMOS, the relevancy of the study model revealed higher for broad technology-marketing strategy than narrow technology marketing strategy, and the explanatory power revealed to be 6.4% higher in broad marketing strategy than narrow marketing strategy. Conclusions - This study confirmed that industry structure and technology characteristics are important factors influencing the performance of technology-based start-ups. Technology-marketing strategy affects the performance of technology-based start-ups between industry structure and technology characteristics. According to additional analysis, moderating variables and technology-marketing strategy are important factors influencing the performance of technology-based start-ups under industry structure and technology characteristics. Broad type of technology-marketing strategy has more attractive industry structure and excellent technology characteristics than narrow types of technology-marketing.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2014

본 연구는 몬순기후에 의해 장마라는 특징적인 강우패턴을 가지는 환경조건에서 강우 패턴 및 강우 강도의 변화가 삼림 내 지표 유출수와 토양수분함량을 변화시켜 토양호흡의 배출 양상을 어떻게 변화시키는지 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 대상지는 경기도 광주시에 위치한 서울대학교 학술림 내 잣나무식재림으로 2012년 1년 동안 자동 토양호흡 쳄버를 이용하여 연변화를 측정하였고 단근처리 기법을 이용하여 토양호흡 중 약 24%가 뿌리호흡에서 기인한 것으로 추정되었다. 이와 더불어 장마와 태풍으로 인한 다양한 강도의 강우가 발생한 7월 말부터 9월 말까지 휴대용 토양호흡 측정기를 이용하여 관측지 내 단근처리구와 단근 및 강우차단처리구에서 종속영양생물호흡을 측정하였다. 토양수분함량의 경우 고강도의 강우가 며칠씩 이어지더라도 20%를 초과하지 않았다. 이는 강수가 상대적으로 적은 시기에는 수목활성이나 토양미생물의 활성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정된다. 강우 강도가 10 mm 이하의 저강도 강우에서는 종속영양생물호흡이 약 14.4% 상승하였으나 10 mm 이상의 고강도 강우조건에서는 종속영양생물호흡이 25.5% 감소하였다. 이는 강우 강도에 따라 종속영양생물호흡의 배출 양상이 달라짐을 보여주었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 민간경비원의 여가동기와 스포츠 참가의 관계를 알아보고 변수간의 인과관계를 검증하여 민간경비원들에게 여가활동의 필요성과 정책적 자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 2007년 서울소재 5개소 민간경비회사에 재직하고 있는 민간경비원을 연구대상으로 유층집락무선표집법을 이용해 193명을 표집하였다. 설문지의 신뢰도는 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ 값이 .835이상으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서는 설문지의 신뢰도분석과 상관분석을 위해 SPSSWIN 15.0 프로그램을 활용하였다. 이상과 같은 연구방법 및 절차를 통해 이 연구에서 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여가동기는 스포츠 참가경험에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 휴식적 동기가 증가하면 스포츠 참가경험은 감소한다. 둘째, 여가동기는 스포츠 참가의 정도에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 유능감인지 동기가 증가할수록 스포츠 참가빈도는 증가한다. 지적 동기가 증가할수록 스포츠참가기간은 증가한다. 또한, 휴식적 동기가 증가할수록 스포츠 참가강도는 낮아지는 반면, 유능감인지 동기가 증가하면 스포츠 참가강도는 증가한다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 1990

식물색소 생합성에 마치는 화합물의 스크리닝 및 생리 생화학적 실험을 위한 Greening assay를 확립하고자 greening 에 미치는 환경요인과 치상 및 조사 방법에 관한 여러가지 실험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 오이 및 보리 모두 $25^{\circ}C$ 암조건에 5~6 일 된 것이 greening 에 양호한 반응을 보였다 2. 오이는 자엽의 표면이 용액에 닿도록 치상하는 것이, 보리엽신은 상단으로부터 0.5~2.0cm 부위을 절취하는 것이 greening 에 양호하였다. 3. Buffer 는 10mM potassium phosphate(pH 6.0)를 사용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 여겨진다. 4. 광조사시 온도가 $15\sim35^{\circ}C$ 범위일 경우 온도가 높을수록 greening 속도가 빨랐으며, 그 반응은 보리보다 오이가, carotenid 보다는 엽록소 생합성이 더욱 민감하였다. 5. 광도에 대한 영향은 엽록소의 경우 오이는 5,000 Lux. 보리는 1,000 Lux 내외에서 최고치를 보였으며, carotenoid의 경우는 이보다 높은 광도에서 최고치를 보이는 경향이었다. 6. 용매의 안전사용농도는 acetone 10% 미만, ethyl alcohol 0.1 % 이하, DMSO 2.5 %이 하였고, 색소 생합성에 관여되는 제초제 또는 몇가지 시약의 $pI_{50}$을 구하였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 1993

Recently, various screen film system have been introduced in diagnostic radiology. There are two kinds of screen film system : blue emitting $CaWO_4$ screen has been largely used in these days. However, it tends to be changed to use green emitting $Gd_2O_2S$ : Tb screen. In this study, photographic characteristics of $CaWO_4$ and $Gd_2O_2S$ : Tb screen were investigated with luminescence, spectroscopy. The morphology of $CaWO_4$ and $Gd_2O_2S$ : Tb were also observed by using scanning electron microscope. The result obtained were as follows : 1. There was small difference in the thickness of phosphor layers for the front and back screen of blue emitting system, but little difference in those of green emitting system. 2. There was no difference in the size of phosphor particles between the front and back screen for each screen. However, the particle size was different for the various kinds of screens. 3. The shape of phosphor particle was round with many faces for all the screens. 4. In the exposure of X-ray with the same intensity, luminescent intensity of a green emitting system was $6{\sim}7$ times larger than that of a blue emitting system. 5. The thickness of phosphor layers does not affect on the sensitivity of the screens exposed by X-ray.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2001

In this study, CT specimens were prepared from Pressure Vessel Steel which was used for pressure vessel plates for room and low temperature service. And we got the following characteristics from fatigue crack growth test carried out in the environment of room and low temperature at $25^{\circ}C$, -3$0^{\circ}C$, -6$0^{\circ}C$, -10$0^{\circ}C$ and -12$0^{\circ}C$ and in the range of stress ratio of 0.05 and 0.3 by means of opening mode displacement. At the constant stress ratio, the threshold stress intensity factor range ${\Delta}K_{th}$ in the early stage of fatigue crack growth (Region I) and stress intensity factor range ${\Delta}K$ in the stable of fatigue crack growth (Region II) was increased in proportion to descent temperature. It assumed that the fatigue resistance characteristics and fracture strength at low temperature is considerable higher than that of room temperature in the early stage and stable of fatigue crack growth region. The straight line slope relation of logarithm da/dN $-{\Delta}K$ in Region II, that is, the fatigue crack growth exponent m increased with descending temperature at the constant stress ratio. It was assumed that the fatigue crack growth rate da/dN in proportion to descending temperature in Region II and the cryogenic-brittleness greatly affect a material with decreasing temperature.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2017

The ability of a red tide species to take up nutrients is a critical factor affecting its red tide dynamics and species competition. Nutrient uptake by red tide species has been conventionally measured by incubating nutrient-depleted cells for a short period at 1 or 2 light intensities. This method may be applicable to certain conditions under which cells remain in oligotrophic water for a long time and high nutrients are suddenly introduced. Thus, a new method should be developed that can be applicable to the conditions under which cells are maintained in eutrophicated waters in healthy conditions and experience light and dark cycles and different light intensities during vertical migration. In this study, a new repletion method reflecting these conditions was developed. The nitrate uptake rates of the red tide dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans originally maintained in nitrate repletion and depletion conditions as a function of nitrate concentration were measured. With increasing light intensity from 10 to $100{\mu}E\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, the maximum nitrate uptake rate ($V_{max}$) of P. micans increased from 3.6 to $10.8 pM\;cell^{-1}d^{-1}$ and the half saturation constant ($K_{s-NO3}$) increased from 4.1 to $6.9{\mu}M$. At $20{\mu}E\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, the $V_{max}$ and $K_{s-NO3}$ of P. micans originally maintained in a nitrate repletion condition were similar to those maintained in a nitrate depletion condition. Thus, differences in cells under nutrient repletion and depletion conditions may not affect $K_{s-NO3}$ and $V_{max}$. Moreover, different light intensities may cause differences in the nitrate uptake of migratory phototrophic dinoflagellates.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2016

Background: As the decomposition of lignocellulosic compounds is a rate-limiting stage in the nutrient mineralization from organic matters, elucidation of the changes in soil enzyme activity can provide insight into the nutrient dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The current study aimed to assess the effect of thinning intensities on soil conditions. Un-thinned control, 20 % thinning, and 30 % thinning treatments were applied to a Larix kaempferi forest, and total carbon and nitrogen, total carbon to total nitrogen ratio, extractable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium), and enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase) were investigated. Results: Total carbon and nitrogen concentrations were significantly increased in the 30 % thinning treatment, whereas both the 20 and 30 % thinning treatments did not change total carbon to total nitrogen ratio. Inorganic nitrogen and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly increased in the 20 % thinning treatment; however, no significant changes were found for extractable phosphorus and potassium concentrations either in the 20 or the 30 % thinning treatment. However, the applied thinning intensities had no significant influences on acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, and ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. Conclusions: These results indicated that thinning can elevate soil organic matter quantity and nutrient availability, and different thinning intensities may affect extractable soil nutrients inconsistently. The results also demonstrated that such inconsistent patterns in extractable nutrient concentrations after thinning might not be fully explained by the shifts in the enzyme-mediated nutrient mineralization.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2014

Objectives : Patients with cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) are susceptible to cord injury, which often develops into myelopathic symptoms. However, little is known regarding the prognostic factors that are involved in minor trauma. We evaluated the relationship between minor trauma and neurological outcome of OPLL and investigated the prognostic factors with a focus on compressive factors and intramedullary signal intensity (SI). Methods : A total of 74 patients with cervical myelopathy caused by OPLL at more than three-levels were treated with posterior decompression surgeries. We surveyed the space available for spinal cord (SAC), the severity of SI change on T2-weighted image, and diabetes mellitus (DM). The neurological outcome using Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scale was assessed at admission and at 12-month follow-up. Results : Among the variables tested, preoperative JOA score, severity of intramedullary SI, SAC, and DM were significantly related to neurological outcome. The mean preoperative JOA were $11.3{\pm}1.9$ for the 41 patients who did not have histories of trauma and $8.0{\pm}3.1$ for the 33 patients who had suffered minor traumas (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the recovery ratios between those two groups. Conclusions : Initial neurological status and high intramedullary SI in the preoperative phase were related to poorer postoperative outcomes. Moreover, the patients with no histories of DM and larger SACs exhibited better improvement than did the patients with DM and smaller SACs. Although the initial JOA scores were worse for the minor trauma patients than did those who had no trauma prior to surgery, minor trauma exerted no direct effects on the surgical outcomes.

• 대기
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the high resolution topographies and landuses data on simulated meteorological variables (wind speed at 10 m, temperature at 2 m and relative humidity at 2 m) in WRF. We compare the results with WRF simulation using each resolution of the topographies and landuses, and with 37 AWS observation data on the Seoul metropolitan regions. According to results of using high-resolution topography, WRF model gives better topographical expression over domain. And we can separate more detail (Low intensity residential, high intensity residential, industrial or commercial) using high resolution landuses data. The result shows that simulated temperature and wind speed are generally higher than AWS observation data. However, simulation trend with temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity are similar to observation data. The reason for that is that the high precipitation event occurred in CASE 1 and 2. Temperature have correlation of 0.43~0.47 and standard deviation of $2.12{\sim}2.28^{\circ}C$ in CASE 1, while correlation of more than 0.8 and standard deviation of $3.05{\sim}3.18m\;s^{-1}$ in CASE 2. In case of wind speed, correlation have lower than 0.5 and Standard Deviation of $1.88{\sim}2.34m\;s^{-1}$ in CASE 1 and 2. In statistical analysis shows that using highest resolution (U01) results are more close to the AWS observation data. It can be concluded that the topographies and landuses are important factor that affect model simulation. However, the tendency to always use high resolution topographies and landuses data appears to be unjustified, and optimal solution depends on the combination of scale effect and mechanisms of dynamic models.