• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1032-1037
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• 2009

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of partial replacement of spray-dried porcine protein (SDPP) or fish meal with soybean and shrimp protein hydrolysate (SSPH) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned pigs. Two hundred and forty 21${\pm}$2 d old pigs ((Pietrain${\times}$Duroc)${\times}$(Landrace${\times}$Large Yorkshire)) with initial weight of 6.9${\pm}$0.5 kg were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight piglets per replicate. The control diet (T1) contained 2% SDPP and 6% fishmeal, and SDPP for experimental diets T2 and T3 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The fishmeal for experimental diets T4 and T5 was replaced with 1% and 2% SSPH, respectively, also on an iso-nitrogenous basis. The experimental period was 21 days. The results showed that weaned piglets fed the diets containing 1% and 2% SSPH as a replacement for SDPP had similar average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed/gain (F/G), diarrhea rate and serum biochemical indices e.g. blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total serum protein (TP), albumin to globulin ratio (A/G), globulin (GLO), serum glucose (GLU), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to those fed the control diet during 0-10 d and 0-21 d of the experiment. The substitution of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal appeared to be beneficial for ADG (p = 0.59) and ADFI (p = 0.23) of piglets during the overall period. The digestibility of calcium was higher (p<0.01) in pigs fed diets containing SSPH than on the control diet. Addition of 1% SSPH on an iso-nitrogenous basis for fish meal could increase the digestibilities of dry matter and energy of the diet. Dietary replacement of fish meal with 1% and 2% SSPH had no effect on the concentrations of BUN, TP, A/G, GLO, GLU, and IgG. In conclusion, dietary SDPP or fish meal could partially replace SSPH without any adverse effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in weaned piglets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2018

Objective: To examine the effects of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R. sphaeroides) supplementation as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) on rumen fermentation in dairy cows and on coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) transition into milk, an in vitro rumen simulation batch culture and an in vivo dairy cow experiment were conducted. Methods: The characteristics of in vitro ruminal fermentation were investigated using rumen fluids from six cannulated Holstein dairy cows at 2 h post-afternoon feeding. A control treatment was included in the experiments based on a typified total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating dairy cows, which was identical to the one used in the in vivo study, plus R. sphaeroides at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% TMR dry matter. The in vivo study employed six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows randomly allotted to either the control TMR (C-TMR) treatment or to a diet supplemented with a 0.5% R. sphaeroides culture (S-TMR, dry matter basis) ad libitum. The presence of R. sphaeroides was verified using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) applied to the bacterial samples obtained from the in vivo study. The concentration of CoQ10 in milk and in the supernatant from the in vitro study was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: The results of the in vitro batch culture and DGGE showed that the concentration of CoQ10 significantly increased after 2 h of R. sphaeroides supplementation above 0.1%. When supplemented to the diet of lactating cows at the level of 0.5%, R. sphaeroides did not present any adverse effect on dry matter intake and milk yield. However, the concentration of CoQ10 in milk dramatically increased, with treated cows producing 70.9% more CoQ10 than control cows. Conclusion: The CoQ10 concentration in milk increased via the use of a novel DFM, and R. sphaeroides might be used for producing value-added milk and dairy products in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of diets with and without supplements of methionine/lysine (met/lys) and methionine/α-tocopherol (met/α-tocopherol) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Methods: A total of 21 Hanwoo steers were divided into three different groups. Each group consisted of 7 animals that received different dietary treatments for 120 days as follows: a control (C) diet composed of a basal diet with 74% total digestible nutrient and 12% crude protein; treatment 1 (T1) composed of a basal diet enriched with methionine 69%+lysine 31%; and treatment (T2) composed of a basal diet enriched with methionine 84.65%+α-tocopherol 15.35%. Daily supplementation was given using the top-dressing method (20 g/animal). Results: The met/lys groups yielded a longissimus lumborum with increased water holding capacity (p<0.01) and lower shear force value (p<0.05). Dietary met/lys did not have an adverse effect on the animal performance and carcass traits. Instead, these supplements contributed significantly to the higher protein content compared to the control diet (p<0.05). Myristic acid (C14:0) was the only fatty acid affected by the supplementation. While the met/α-tocopherol group led to significantly higher protein and oxymyoglobin contents during storage (p<0.05). It also contributed significantly to the lower shear force value and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances score during storage (p<0.05) compared to the control and treatment 1 since the initial storage day. The met/α-tocopherol diet also yielded meat with a redder color (p<0.05) after 3 days of storage. However, it did not significantly contribute to the fatty acid profiles of Hanwoo steers. Conclusion: Met/lys supplementation resulted in higher protein scores, water holding capacity and lower shear force scores. While met/α-tocopherol supplementation contributes to the production of redder meat, reduces lipid oxidation, production of more tender meat and increases the content of protein and oxymyoglobin percentage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.753-757
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the relationships between lymph node ratio (LNR, the ratio of positive lymph nodes in excised axillary lymph nodes) and disease-free survival (DFS) by comparing with traditional absolute positive lymph node number (pN classification) for prediction of breast cancer (BC) progrnosis. Methods and Patients: We retrospectively reviewed patients who received comprehensive therapy in Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, China from Jan 2002 to Dec 2006 (Group A), and Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China from Jun 2008 to May 2012 (Group B). Patients were allocated to low-risk (${\leq}0.20$), intermediate-risk (> 0.20 but ${\leq}0.65$), high-risk (>0.65) groups by LNR. The primary endpoint was 5-DFS. Results: A total of 294 patients were included in our study. LNR was verified as a negative prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.002 in Group A, P<0.0001 in Group B). Then we found the effects of pN and LNR delamination on disease-free survival (DFS) had statistical significance (P=0.012 for pN and P=0.031 for LNR stratification in Group A, both of them P<0.001 in Group B). Compared to pN staging, LNR staging displayed superior performance in prognosis, the adjusted hazard ratio of recurrence being 2.07 (95%CI, 1.07 to 4.0) for intermediate risk group (P=0.030) and 2.44 (95%CI, 1.21 to 4.92) for high risk group (P=0.013) in Group A. Conclusions: LNR stratification proved an adverse prognostic factor of DFS in lymph nodes positive invasive BC using cut-off values 0.20 and 0.65, and was more predictive than traditional pN classification for 5-DFS.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2008

Ginseng has been traditionally used to recover vital energy from Qi deficiency in oriental countries. Recent reports suggested that ginseng could regulate blood pressure (BP), but much controversy still remain. Therefore, we intended to assess the anti-hypertensive effect of some ginseng species on Koreans and Chinese. This is a randomized, double blinded controlled clinical trial. The study subjects were recruited from the mild hypertensive patients who belonged prehypertension(120/80 to 139/89 mmHg) and stage I hypertension (140/90 to 159/99 mmHg) in Korea and China. After assigning the subjects into a Korean, a Chinese, and an American ginseng group by randomization, we prescribed ginseng with the dose of 4.5 g per a day for 4 w. To assess the anti-hypertensive effect, we compared the mean of systolic and diastolic BP between before and after ginseng medication by 24 h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor (24 h ABPM). We also monitored adverse effect and laboratory findings to secure the subjects' safety. There were 64 subjects treated with Korean ginseng, 58 treated with Chinese ginseng, and 64 treated with American ginseng. All of the ginseng species reduced subjects' BP. Especially, Korean and Chinese ginseng showed more excellent effects. The secondary analysis on the subjects' nationality revealed that all of the ginseng species showed more significant anti-hypertensive effect in Chinese than in Koreans. We suggest ginseng could be useful for mild hypertension regardless of its species. And it would be safe within the dosage of 4.5 g per a day.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2007

Objective : In this study we wanted to confirm if proper stimulation and de-Qi of traditional Korean medical acupuncture could increase hot flash relief efficacy. Design : A randomized controlled, single blind study. We used two modalities of acupuncture, one with optimal stimulation [Study group; Korean medical acupuncture (TKMA)] and one with minimal stimulation [Control group; Minimal acupuncture (MA)]. Same acupoints [PC6(內關), HT8(少府), HT7(神門), LI4(合谷), ST36(足三里), SP6(三陰交), Ren4(關元)] were used in both groups. Fifty-two patients were treated twice a week for 8 weeks, and follow up was done after 4 weeks from the last treatment. Patients were checked hot flash VAS (visual analog scale), frequency and duration every time they visited. Results : Hot flash relief efficacy by 100mm hot flash VAS was obvious in both groups. Hot flash VAS scores of study group were smaller than the scores of control group at the early stage (3rd, $4^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ visit), but there wasn't a remarkable difference between study and control group at the end of the trial. Besides, diminution of hot flash VAS was faster and more even in the study group than control group by visualization using 'Box plot'. We compared frequency and duration of hot flash, 100mm sweating, palpitation, sleep disturbance VAS, and Kupperman Index, MENQOL, Patient's global assessment score. Both groups showed definite decrease from the baseline, but the difference was not statistically significant. There wasn't any adverse event. Hot flash relief efficacy was kept in most patients after 4 weeks' follow-up. Conclusion : Acupoint combination by Traditional Korean medical theory is effective on hot flashes and hot flash relief efficacy was faster and more even in optimal stimulation than minimal stimulation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.60-72
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the awareness of energy drinks, energy drink consumption behaviors, and associated factors among college students. Methods: A total of 536 students from three universities in Cheongju completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding awareness and consumption of energy drinks as well as general characteristics, health-related characteristics, and eating habits. Results: Approximately half of the respondents reported they knew what energy drinks were, while 45.7% had heard of energy drinks but did not know what they were. However, 76.9% had experience in using energy drinks. The main reason for using energy drinks was to stay awake, and the main place that they were used was on campus or at the library. More than 70% of energy drink users did not read the caffeine contents of energy drinks. After consuming energy drinks, 31.3% experienced adverse effects, the most serious being sleep disturbance. Approximately 33% of students consumed energy drinks once a month or more frequently, and men consumed energy drinks more frequently than females. Energy drink users who consumed at least one drink each month were more likely to be natural science major or drink more milk for male students, and to have more allowances or consume less meat for female students, compared with non-users. Conclusions: Our study showed that 33% of students consumed at least one energy drink each month, and there were a small number of students consumed energy drinks almost every day or energy drinks mixed with alcohol. Accordingly, college students should be taught potential health hazards of energy drinks mixed with alcohol as well as energy drinks alone. In addition, reading labels about caffeine and sugar contents in energy drinks is encouraged.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.657-667
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• 2015

녹조현상을 형성하는 유독남조류는 세계 각지의 부영양화 호수에서 장기간 관찰되고 있다. 남조에 의해 생산되는 독소는 크게 신경독(anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a(s), saxitoxin)과 간독(microcystin, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin)으로 나뉜다. Microcystin은 남조세포내에 존재하며, 세포막이 손상되면 외부로 방출된다고 사료되며, 용출된 microcystin은 생물에 악영향을 끼치며, 호수, 하천 및 해양의 수생생물에 microcystin이 축적된다고 알려져 있다. 자연계에서는 포식자에 의한 남조세포의 섭식 또는 남조세포로부터 용출된 microcystin의 미생물에 의한 분해에 의해 microcystin의 제거가 가능하지만, 정수처리 과정에서는 microcystin을 분해하는 미생물이 존재하지 않으므로, 세포제거를 위해 황산구리를 사용할 경우 대량의 microcystin이 용출되므로 주의가 필요하다. 지금까지의 보고에 의하면 세포 밖으로 용출된 micorcystin을 제거하는 기술은 물리, 화학 및 생물학적 방법이 있다. 녹조현상의 방지는 그 발생의 원인인 호수 외로부터 유입되는 영양염류인 질소와 인의 감소가 기본이지만, 부영양호의 경우 이미 유입된 영양염류를 축적하고 있으므로 투자에 비해 효과는 높지 않다. 호수가 본래의 상태일 때 부영양화 된다면, 호수의 연안부에 수생식물의 침입이 일어나고, 식물플랑크톤에 의한 조류 번무 현상은 보이지 않는 것이 보통이다. 이러한 관점으로 녹조현상 발생방지를 위해서는 일단 호수 연안을 정상적인 상태로 복원할 필요가 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2015

최근 들어 미세먼지에 의한 건강위해성에 대한 많은 문제가 지적되고 있다. 따라서 서울지역은 미세먼지를 줄이기 위한 합리적인 대책과 해결방안이 시급한 실정이다. 미세먼지의 악영향을 줄이기 위해서 우선 미세먼지의 구성성분 중 비율이 가장 많은 이온성분에 대한 명확한 해석이 선결되어야 하고, 이를 바탕으로 미세먼지의 특성을 파악하여 효과적인 저감 대책 수립 및 실천이 진행되어야 한다. 미세먼지 중 이온성분에 대한 물리화학적 특성을 해석하기 위하여 먼저 서울지역에서 미세먼지를 필터에 채취하고 이온성분 분석을 하였다. 그리고 이온크로마토그래피(IC)로 분석이 되지 않는 수소이온($H^+$)과 탄산이온${CO_3}^{2-}$)은 pH와 음이온과 양이온의 당량비 차이로 농도를 추정하였다. 질량수지를 기본원리로 하는 수학적 모델링 적용 결과 음이온과 양이온의 결합형태를 도출할 수 있었다. 미세먼지의 결합에 사용된 이온은 IC로 분석한 8개 이온과 추가로 해석한 $H^+$, ${CO_3}^{2-}$이며, 본 연구에서 나온 존재형태는 $NH_4Cl$, $NH_4NO_3$, $CaSO_4$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NaNO_3$, NaCl, $Na_2CO$, 그리고 $(NH_4)_2CO_3$ 등이 주를 이루고 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.781-790
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• 2014

유속이 약한 하천이나 호소에 침강된 유기물, 영양염류, 유해화학물질 등의 오염물질은 일단 수중으로부터 제거되어 퇴적물 속에 축적되었다가 확산, 재 부유, 생물교란 등의 물리 화학 생물학적 과정에 의해 다시 수층으로 용출되어 수질 및 수생생태에 직 간접적인 악영향을 미칠 수 있게 된다. 특히 인은 수중생태계의 일차 생산량을 결정하는 중요한 물질중의 하나로 수체 내 물질순환 과정에서 주로 퇴적물에 저장되는 원소로 물리적인 교란 및 생 화학적 작용에 의해 수층으로용출되어 부영양화현상을 가속시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 수층 미생물의 영향을 고려한 경우(호소수)와 미생물의 영향을 배제한(증류수)경우로 구분하여 각각 다른 capping 소재를 적용하여 퇴적물에서의 인 용출 저감 효과를 분석하였다. 실험 결과 화학적소재인 Fe-Gypsum, $SiO_2$-Gypsum로 capping을 할 경우, control보다 인 용출을 약 40% 이상 저감시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 복합소재인 granule gypsum+Sand는 약 50% 이상 용출을 저감 효과가 나타났다. 따라서 화학적 소재인 granule-gypsum과 그 위에 모래와 같은 친환경소재로 capping을 한다면 인 용출 저감에 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. Capping 처리 전후의 퇴적층내의 인 성상변화를 살펴본 결과, gypsum 투입에 의하여 호소 퇴적층에 존재하는 인이 용출되기 어려운 안정한 형태인 apatite-P 변화된 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 capping 기술의 적용을 통하여 하천 및 호소 퇴적물에서 발생되는 인 용출에 대한 저감 효율을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.