• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2022

Objective : This study was to examine the impact of adverse childhood experiences on social anxiety symptoms in young adults and verify the mediating effects of positive resources. Methods : Data from 1,317 young adults aged to 18 to 29 years who took part in the university-based cross-sectional survey were analyzed. All participants completed Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) scale, Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), and Positive Resources Test (POREST). Results : In young adults, 9.3% had severe social anxiety symptoms. Based on 10 ACE categories, 32.7% of participants reported one or more adverse childhood experience, and 4.5% reported four or more different forms of adverse childhood experiences. Young adults with higher social anxiety symptoms were likely to report more adverse childhood experiences, and less positive resources. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that positive resources moderated the association between adverse childhood experiences and social anxiety symptoms. Conclusion : Based on the results, professionals need to consider early detection of adverse childhood experiences and comorbid social anxiety symptoms. In addition, various positive psychological interventions for individuals with adverse childhood experiences are needed.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2023

목적 : 본 연구는 어머니의 아동기 부정적 경험 위험군이 자녀의 정서적·신체적 학대 및 방임과 양육스트레스에 미치는 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2018년 '아동가족 생애경험 실태조사'를 통해 얻어진 원시자료를 이용한 이차차료 분석연구이다. 아동기 부정적 경험이 1개 이상인 어머니 1,937명을 대상으로 아동기 부정적 경험 저위험군(1-3개), 중위험군(4-6개), 고위험군(7개 이상)별로 분류하여 자녀의 정서적·신체적 학대 및 방임과 양육스트레스 차이를 조사하고, 회귀분석을 통해 영향요인을 확인하였다. 결과 : 어머니의 아동기 부정적 경험은 저위험군 50.4%, 중위험군 39.8%, 고위험군 9.7%였다. 자녀 정서적 학대는 45.0%, 자녀 신체적 학대는 13.2%, 자녀 방임은 3.5%, 양육스트레스는 평균 2.13(±0.61)으로 나타났다. 아동기 부정적 경험은 저위험군보다 중위험군, 고위험군인 경우 정서적·신체적 학대 및 방임, 양육스트레스 가능성이 유의하게 높으며, 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 모형의 설명력은 자녀 정서적 학대 35%, 자녀 신체적 학대 25%, 자녀 방임 19%, 양육스트레스 16%의 설명력을 보였다. 결론 : 부모의 아동기 부정적 경험이 고위험군일수록 자녀의 정서적 학대, 신체적 학대, 자녀 방임을 더 가하며, 양육스트레스가 높아진다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 우울조울병
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine effects of traumatic experiences in childhood, on depressive symptoms of college students, and to determine how depression depended on positive psychological resources. Methods : A total of 430 students were recruited, from two universities in Jeju area. All participants completed self-report questionnaires, that included demographic variables, Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Positive Resources Test (POREST). Results : Prevalence of depression was 47.9%, and a total of 133 (30.9%) college students reported traumatic experiences in childhood. Students with depressive symptoms, were likely to report more traumatic experiences in childhood, and less positive psychological resources. Results from regression analyses indicated that, while controlling for a range of demographic variables, positive psychological resources moderated the association, between traumatic experiences in childhood and depression. Conclusion : Based on results, professionals must consider positive psychological and social resources, for treatment to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with history of childhood adversity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2021

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of mothers may negatively affect the mental health of their offspring. Little is known about the intergenerational effect of maternal ACE on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the offspring. This study investigated the impact of maternal ACEs on PTSD in the offspring. Methods: A total of 156 mothers with children aged 13-18 years completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) Predictive Scales to determine the presence of psychiatric disorders in their offspring. The subjects completed the ACE questionnaire and the Early Trauma Inventory Self-Report-Short Form. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between maternal ACEs and PTSD in the offspring. Results: Of the mothers, 23.7% had at least one ACE, and PTSD was reported in 21.8% of the offspring. The offspring of the mothers in the ACE group had a significantly higher rates of traumatic experiences and PTSD than the offspring of the mothers in the no ACE group. Maternal household dysfunction independently predicted offspring PTSD [odds ratio (OR)=3.008, p=0.05), and three or more maternal ACEs were significantly related to PTSD in the offspring (OR=10.613, p=0.025). Conclusion: Maternal ACEs have a significant impact on the risk of traumatic experiences and PTSD in the offspring. These findings suggest the presence of intergenerational transmissions by which maternal ACEs affect the mental health of the offspring.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.156-167
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• 2017

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other adversities has been shown to have adverse effects on health and well-being not only in childhood but also throughout the lifespan. This paper focuses on the prevalence of childhood adversities including exposure to IPV. The intersection of adverse childhood experiences and IPV victimization/perpetration in adulthood is also explored. The neurobiology of trauma is discussed and by understanding the impact of trauma on health, it is hoped that enhancement of resilience is possible. Based on the identification of protective factors at the individual, familial, and community level, examples of interventions that encourage safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between parents and children are described.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2016

본 연구는 보호관찰 청소년을 대상으로 성장과정에서의 부정적 경험과 불안이 인터넷중독 위험성에 미치는 구조적 관계를 확인하였다. 서울소재 보호관찰소 1개 곳의 협조를 받아 보호관찰소를 방문한 청소년 200명에게 구조화된 자기기입식 설문을 실시하였고, 197명의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석방법은 성장기 부정적 경험, 불안, 인터넷중독의 구조적 관계검증을 위해 경로분석을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 성장기 부정적 경험이 인터넷중독에 미치는 영향은 ${\beta}=.284$(p<.01)이었고, 불안이 인터넷중독에 미치는 영향은 ${\beta}=.396$(p<.05)로 성장기 부정적 경험이 많을수록, 불안수준이 높을수록 인터넷중독 위험성이 높아짐을 확인하였다. 또한 성장기 부정적 경험이 불안에 미치는 영향은 ${\beta}=.131$(p<.01)이었으며, 성장기 부정적 경험과 인터넷중독의 관계에서 불안의 매개효과는 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 본 연구는 보호관찰 청소년을 대상으로 성장과정에서의 부정적 경험과 불안이 인터넷중독에 미치는 구조적 관계를 확인함으로써 인터넷중독 예방 및 보호관찰제도에 대한 실천적 정책적 제언을 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.4-13
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• 2017

The seeds of addiction are typically sown years prior to the onset of addictive substance use or engagement in addictive behaviors, due to the priming of the reward pathway (RewP) by alterations in the mechanism of stress-signaling from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and related pathways. Excessive stress from a single-event and/or cumulative life experiences during childhood, such as those documented in the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, is translated into neurobiological toxicity that alters the set-point of the HPA axis and limbic system homeostasis [suggested new term: regulation pathway (RegP)]. The resultant alteration of the RegP not only increases the risk for psychiatric and physical illness, but also that for early onset and chronic addictions by dysregulating the RewP. This paper reviews the interface of these symbiotic pathways that result in the phenotypic pathology of emotional dysregulation, cognitive impairment, and compulsive behaviors, as well as morbidity and shorter life expectancy when dysregulated by chronic stress.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in the offspring and to examine the mediating role of antepartum health risk on the intergenerational transmission of maternal ACEs. Methods: The participants consisted of 461 mother-child dyads. Mothers completed the ACEs questionnaire and Diagnostic Predictive Scales. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of ADHD symptoms in the offspring of mothers with ACEs and the mediating effect of antepartum health risks by path analysis. Results: In all, 35.4% (n=163) had at least one maternal ACE, and 11.1% (n=51) had three or more. Compared to the non-ADHD symptom group, the group of offspring with ADHD symptoms showed a significant association with maternal ACE score (p<0.001) and antepartum health risks (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis further showed a significant association between the sum of maternal ACEs [odds ratio (OR)=1.264, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 1.060-1.516, p=0.009], antepartum health risks (OR=1.236, 95% CI=1.036-1.475, p=0.019), and ADHD symptoms in the offspring. In the mediation model in which the mother's ACE score affected the offspring's ADHD symptoms, partial mediation through antepartum health risks was found to be significant (B=0.041, 95% CI=0.011-0.124). Conclusion: Maternal ACEs are significantly related to the incidence of ADHD symptoms in the offspring and antepartum health risks exert an indirect effect. These findings suggest that maternal ACEs have a negative impact on the offspring's brain development through intergenerational transmission, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2023

Purpose: Adolescent self-harm is a public health problem. Research suggests a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-destructive behaviors. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of ACEs on self-harm among Asian adolescents. This study explored the association between lifetime ACEs and a history of self-harm among Korean children and adolescents in elementary, middle, and high schools. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review was conducted on a dataset of a national psychiatrist advisory service for school counselors who participated in the Wee Doctor Service from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to predict self-harm. Results: Student cases (n=171) were referred to psychiatrists by school counselors for remote consultation. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds of self-harm were higher among high school students (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.94-12.76), those with two or more ACEs (aOR=3.27; 95% CI=1.43-7.47), and those with depression (aOR=3.06; 95% CI=1.32-7.10). Conclusion: The study's findings provide compelling evidence that exposure to ACEs can increase vulnerability to self-harm among Korean students. Students with a history of ACEs and depression, as well as high school students, require increased attention during counseling. School counselors can benefit from incorporating screening assessment tools that include questions related to ACEs and depression. Establishing a systematic referral system to connect students with experts can enhance the likelihood of identifying self-harm tendencies and offering the essential support to prevent self-harm.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.143-171
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• 2017

본 연구는 노숙인의 성장기와 노숙 이전의 노숙 위험요인 경험을 확인하면서, 특히 성장기의 불행한 경험이 성인기의 노숙 발생에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 기존의 노숙에 대한 개인적 원인에 관한 연구들은 노숙 전후의 알코올 문제, 정신건강 문제, 약물중독, 노숙인의 비행과 일탈 등에 주로 초점을 맞추어 온 반면, 본 연구는 노숙의 개인적 요인을 더욱 세분화하면서 그 시점을 노숙인의 성장기까지 앞당겨 이들이 경험한 위험요인의 중복, 상호작용, 노숙에 미친 영향 등을 파악하고자 하였다. 60명의 노숙인 생애사 자료에서 추출한 경험을 분석해 본 결과, 노숙인들은 이미 성장기부터 중첩된 많은 위험요인을 경험하였고, 이것은 성인기로 오면서 이들 위험요인간의 상호작용을 통해 증폭되는 경향을 보이기도 하였다. 또한 위험요인 경험 정도가 높은 그룹과 낮은 그룹을 비교해 보았을 때, 노숙에 이르게 된 원인의 차이도 발견할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 노숙의 개인적 원인이 일찍부터 시작된 불가항력적인 불행과 배제, 피해의 경험으로부터 시작된 면도 존재한다는 점을 강조하면서, 결과적 노숙의 예방은 고위험 아동청소년에 대한 적극적 개입과 위험요인의 중첩을 방지하는 전략이 수반되어야 함을 지적하였다.