• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2006

TiAlN coatings are available in various industry fields as a wear resistant coating for high-speed machining, due to its high hardness, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of TiAlN multilayer coatings is better than that of single TiN coatings. Most of TiAlN coated layers were formed by heat treatment of coating layers with a non-stoichiometric $Ti_xAl_{1-x}N$. In this study, TiAlN coated layer was prepared by R.F magnetron sputtering and investigated the thermal behavior for heat treatment at various temperature in tube furnace. The formation of large particles with porous microstructure and phase change from HCP to FCC were observed on coated layer during heat treatment over $850^{\circ}C$ and it reduced the corrosion resistance of coated TiAlN layers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.579-589
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• 2012

To reduce extensive energy costs of the internal recycling for the purpose of denitrification in the advanced wastewater treatment, a post-treatment process using an electro-coagulation to treat nitrate in the secondary effluents is evaluated in this study. Removals of phosphorus and organics in the secondary effluents by the electro-coagulation were also evaluated to propose an alternative advanced wastewatert treatment process. A series of experiments of the electro-coagulation were carried out with the following 4 different samples: synthetic solution containing nitrate only, synthetic solution containing nitrate as well as phosphorus, secondary effluents from activated sludge cultivated in laboratory, and secondary effluents from real wastewater treatment plants. Removals of nitrate and phosphorus in the synthetic solution were 30 and 97 % respectively, which verified the feasibility of the process. Removals of nitrate, phosphorus and COD in the secondary effluents from the cultivated sludge in laboratory were 49, 90 and 19 % respectively. Removal efficiency of the total nitrogen, nitrrate, phosphorus and COD in the secondary effluent from real wastewater treatment plant were 50, 61, 98 and 80 % respectively. The removal of the total nitrogen was less than the nitrate as expected, which is due to the formation of ammonia nitrogen in the cathode. But the proposed scheme could be an energy saving and alternative process for the advanced wastewater treatment if further studies for the process optimization are carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

Microstructural evolution of Pt-aluminide coated Ni-based superalloy has been investigated with ductilization heat treatment. The Pt coat was prepared on the superalloy and then aluminide coating was conducted using a pack cementation process. Samples were heat-treated at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs and the microstructure and element analysis were preformed. A various precipitated compounds were observed within the coating layer and the diffusion region in the Pt-aluminide coating and heat treatment, indicating that the bi-phase compounds of $PtAl_2$ and NiAl were performed during the Pt-aluminide coating, whereas $M_{23}C_6$, MC, $Ni_3Al$ and ${\sigma}$ phases were precipitated in the inter-diffusion region. The bi-phase compounds of $PtAl_2$ and NiAl were transformed into the single phase compound of $PtAl_2$ with the heat treatment, increasing the amount of carbide and ${\sigma}$ phase.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.337-343
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• 2018

The present study investigated the effect of heat treatment process on the surface wettability of an Al-Si-Mg alloy. After solution-treated at $525^{\circ}C$ and aged at $160^{\circ}C$, the alloy showed high hardness due to the formation of precipitates. In addition, surface wettability was improved in such a way that the contact angle of distilled water droplet on the flat surface decreased to $37.6{\sim}42.1^{\circ}$ after the heat treatment. The surface energy predicted by Owens-Wendt equation also confirmed the increase of surface energy after the heat-treatment. However, when the surface roughness increased, the positive effect of the heat treatment on wettability diminished due to the geometrical factors of the rough surface.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibition has been established as a new treatment option for various types of carcinoma, and many clinical trials are being actively conducted as a treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, either as a monotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor or as a combination therapy with standard chemotherapy. In the CheckMate-649 clinical trial to confirm the efficacy of the combination of nivolumab and chemotherapy (FP) in advanced gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer, nivolumab group showed improvement in overall survival in programmed death ligand 1-positive cancer patients compared with placebo group. Also, the combination therapy of pembrolizumab, trastuzumab and chemotherapy (FP) in first-line treatment was tested through the KEYNOTE-811 trial. The pembrolizumab group showed 22.7% of improvement in objective response rate compared with placebo group. Accordingly, the combination of nivolumab/pembrolizumab with standard chemotherapy was approved for the first-line treatment. In KEYNOTE-059 trials for patients with progressive disease after at least two lines of chemotherapy, pembrolizumab monotherapy showed improvement in objective response rate and overall survival, and the use of pembrolizumab was approved for the third-line or more treatment. In this article, we review the result of clinical trials related to immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been recently introduced in the treatment of gastric cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2024

We investigate the effect of T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA365 (Al-10.3Si-0.37Mg-0.6Mn-0.11Fe, wt.%) alloy fabricated by vacuum-assisted high pressure die casting by means of thermodynamic calculation, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The as-cast alloy consists of primary Al (with dendrite arm spacing of 10~15 ㎛), needle-like eutectic Si, and blocky α-AlFeMnSi phases. The solution treatment at 490 ℃ induces the spheroidization of eutectic Si and increase in the fraction of eutectic Si and α-AlFeMnSi phases. While as-cast alloy does not contain nano-sized precipitates, the T6-treated alloy contains fine β' and β' precipitates less than 20 nm that formed during aging at 190℃. T6 heat treatment improves the yield strength from 165 to 186 MPa due to the strengthening effect of β' and β' precipitates. However, the β' and β' precipitates reduce the strain hardening rate and accelerate the necking phenomenon, degrading the tensile strength (from 290 to 244 MPa) and fracture elongation (from 6.6 to 5.0%). Fractography reveals that the coarse α-AlFeMnSi and eutectic Si phases act as crack sites in both the as-cast and T6 treated alloys.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.02a
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• pp.118-118
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.935.2-935.2
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• 2006

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.91-100
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• 2019

Objectives: The present study reports case of an advanced gastric cancer patient who did not receive resection and was treated with Korean Medicine (KM) monotherapy. Methods: A 59-year-old female patient diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer visited the Dunsan Korean medicine Hospital of Daejeon University on April 15, 2018 for the Korean medicine treatment. The patient was treated with KM for approximately 1 year, from May, 2018 to May, 2019. Computed tomography (CT) was used to follow-up of the tumor site. Laboratory analysis and National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (NCI-CTCAE), version 5.0 were used to evaluate the safety of our treatment. Results: The patient's quality of life (QOL) and related symptoms improved during the treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that KM may help to improve QOL of advanced gastric cancer patients. This is a valuable report that shows the natural history of Korean gastric cancer invasion to deeper layers over time.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.31 no.A
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• pp.135-145
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the cost effectiveness in line with total phosphorus standard enforcement of public sewage treatment facilities. The additional cost for the total phosphorus removal process was calculated to analyze the cost effectiveness of the advanced water purification process. The analysis results showed that the T-P removal by coagulation sedimentation was more efficient than the advanced water purification facilities in terms of facilities investment cost, and if the coagulation filteration was used for T-P removal, the activated carbon process among the advanced water purification techniques was more efficient in terms of facilities investment cost. In this study, the effects of the T-P removal process that will be additionally introduced according to the tightening of the effluent T-P standard were analyzed within a limit. The actual benefits of improved T-P concentration in the water source will provide diverse values, including the leisure water, environment improvement water, eco-system in the water source and industrial water, in addition to the advanced water purification.