• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2007

본 연구는 도시하수와 응집, 오존처리, UV와 같은 물리화학적 방법으로 처리된 하수 속에 함유되어 있는 비 규제 유기오염물의 GC/MS를 통한 정성적 분석결과를 나타내었다. 하수 속에 함유된 주요 유기오염물질로는 식품 또는 가정, 공업적 사용으로부터 배출된 물질이 주류를 이루었다. 하수처리장의 생물학적 공정으로부터 몇몇 유기오염물질들의 처리효율은 효과적이었지만 일부의 유기오염물질의 제거는 그리 효과적이지 못하였다. 그러므로 생물학적 방법으로 처리가 효과적이지 못한 물질들의 처리를 위한 고도처리방법의 적용과 가정에서의 이러한 물질이 함유된 제품의 사용에 좀 더 적극적인 조절이 필요 할 것이다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과는 하천유역에서 이들 오염물질의 특성 및 생태계에 대한 오염물질의 배출 평가에 기여를 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2022

This study investigated the treatment of acetaminophen in municipal wastewater by conventional ozonation, ozone-based advanced oxidation, ozone/UV, and the electro-peroxone process. The ozone/UV process and electro-peroxone process of electric power consumption increased 1.25 and 2.04 times, respectively, compared to the ozone process. The pseudo-steady OH radical concentration was the greatest in the electro-peroxone process and lowest in the ozone process. The specific energy consumption for TOC decomposition of the ozone/UV process and electro-peroxone process were 22.8% and 15.5% of the ozone process, respectively. Results suggest that it is advantageous in terms of degradation performance and energy consumption to use a combination of processes in municipal wastewater treatment, rather than an ozone process alone. In combination with the ozone process, the electrolysis process was found to be more advantageous than the UV process.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.191-214
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• 2020

The rise in population and industrialization accounts for the generation of a huge amount of wastewaters. The treatment of this wastewater is obligatory to safeguard the environment and various life forms. Conventional methods for high strength wastewater treatment coming out to be ineffective. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for such wastewater treatment proved to be very effective particularly for the removal of various refractory compounds present in the wastewater. Ozone based AOPs with its high oxidizing power and excellent disinfectant properties is considered to be an attractive choice for the elimination of a large spectrum of refractory compounds. Furthermore, it enhances the biodegradability of wastewaters after treatment which favors subsequent biological treatments. In this review, a detailed overview of the AOPs (like the Fenton process, photocatalysis, Electrochemical oxidation, wet air oxidation, and Supercritical water oxidation process) has been discussed explicitly focusing on ozone-based AOPs (like O₃, O₃/H₂O₂, O₃/UV, Ozone/Activated carbon process, Ozone/Ultrasound process, O₃/UV/H₂O₂ process). This review also comprises the involved mechanisms and applications of various ozone-based AOPs for effective municipal/industrial wastewaters and landfill leachate treatment. Process limitations and rough economical analysis were also introduced. The conclusive remarks with future research directions also underlined. It was found that ozonation in combination with other effective AOPs and biological methods enhances treatment efficacies. This review will serve as a reference document for the researchers working in the AOPs field particularly focusing on ozone-based AOPs for wastewater treatment and management systems.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.618-625
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• 2008

Advanced Phase Isolation Ditch (APID) process was studied to develop economic retrofitting technology, for the plants where retrofitting of common activated sludge process is required. In this study, to evaluate the effluent BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations as process capable and stable parameters for treating municipal wastewater, a demonstration plant was installed and operated in the existing sewage treatment plant of P city. During this study, the average effluent BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations were 4.56, 5.20, 9.30, and 1.75 mg/L at the conventional mode and 3.95, 3.17, 7.65, and 1.18 mg/L at the modified mode. The modified mode (BOD: 3.69, SS: 3.19, T-N: 1.27, and T-P: 0.69) increased the process capability more than the conventional mode (BOD: 1.80, SS: 1.05, T-N: 2.17, and T-P: 0.15) in this study. If process capability over 1.0, this process is capable and stable to treat wastewater. Therefore, newly developed APID process with modified intermittent aeration mode can be one of the useful processes for stable organic matter and nutrients removal.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2004

A new technology for advanced wastewater treatment was developed using a modified Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) process, named as Rotating Activated Bacillus Contactor (RABC) process that utilizes Bacillus sp., the facultatively anaerobic or activated microaerophilic bacteria on multiple-stage reticular rotating carriers, as a predominant species. The RABC process for a municipal wastewater with relatively low concentrations of organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus showed stable and high removal efficiencies, less than $BOD_5$ 10 mg/L, T-N 15 mg/L, and T-P 1.5 mg/L in final effluent. The performance load of RABC process was shown to be $1.23kg{\cdot}BOD/m^2{\cdot}day$ for the first stage (average $0.31kg{\cdot}BOD/m^2{\cdot}day$ for the total stages) based on both removed BOD and converted disc area corresponding to the reticular one. The sludge produced in the RABC process is characterized by low generation rate (about $0.18kg{\cdot}MLSS/kg{\cdot}BOD$) and excellent settleability. The number ratio of Bacillus ($2.4{\times}10^6CFU/ml$) to heterotrophic bacteria ($3.6{\times}10^7CFU/ml$) inhabiting in the biofilms of the RABC process was 6.7 %, indicating that Bacillus sp. was a predominant species in the biofilms. The RABC process with reticular rotating carriers showed its excellent performance for the advanced wastewater treatment without any offensive odor problem due to organic overloading.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.563-570
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• 2004

Phased isolation intrachannel clarifier ditch process developed in this study is an enhanced biological nutrient removal process employing two ditches with intrachannel clarifiers. Bench-scale phased isolation ditch process was used to evaluate the system performance on municipal wastewater and detailed assessment of internal behavior in a ditch and each reactions. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31 days, and cycle times of 4hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 73~78%, and 65~90%, respectively. The internal behavior were well matched on each reactions such as nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus release and uptake. As the SRT became longer, TN removal increased gradually, whereas TP removal decreased contrarily. However, the system was capable of producing an effluent TP concentration 1mg/L or less even at longer SRTs except the case of solids discharge by malfunction of intra-clarifier occurred by its geometrical limit. The system performance slightly decreased by hydraulic shock loading(increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT). However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the system reliability could be successfully achieved short-term hydraulic shock loading that occurred in medium- and small-sized wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate during wet season.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2010

하수나 폐수를 이용해서 조류를 배양하고 이를 통해서 획득된 조류 생체로부터 바이오디젤을 생산한다는 것은 친생태적이면서 신재생에너지 생산이라는 점에서 최근 각광받는 녹색성장기술이다. 바이오디젤 생산에 필요한 지질의 함량이 높은 조류 종에 대한 연구가 최적 인공배양액 조건에서 연구된 사례들이 있다. 하지만 실제 하수의 조건에서 고지질 함량 조류의 생체생성과 하수처리능에 대한 정보 제공이 미흡한 것이 현황이다. 본 연구에서는 바이오디젤 전구물질인 지질함량이 높다고 알려진 조류 종들을 선별해서 국내 하수조건에서 생체생성능과 하수처리능을 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 실제 하수에서 토착조류를 제거한 후 지질함량이 높다고 알려진 조류 4종(Chlorella vulgaris AG10032, Ankistrodesmus gracilis SAG278-2, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572)을 각각 하수에 식종한 후에 조류의 성장률과 유기물, 질소 및 인의 제거를 실험실 규모의 회분식반응조에서 분석하였다. 일정한 광반응 조건 (80 ${\mu}E$, 24시간)에서 9일간 배양하면서 시간 별로 조류의 건조 생체량과 COD, 질소 및 인을 각기 측정하였다. 그 결과 C. vulgaris, A. gracilis와 S.quadricauda는 하수의 토착조류 보다 하수에서 더 우월하게 성장하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면 B. braunii는 하수조건에서 성장을 할 수 없는 것으로 나타났다. 하수에서 배양가능한 조류들에 의한 질소 (Total-N, ${NH_4}^+$-N)와 인(Total-P, ${PO_4}^{3-}$-P)의 제거능이 우수하였고, 하수처리 방류수질 기준을 만족하였다. 하수에서 배양가능한 조류들에 의한 용존 COD의 제거 분석 결과, A. gracilis와 S. quadricauda는 효과적인 COD제거를 지속하였지만, C. vulgaris는 초기의 COD 제거가 지속되지 않는 불안정성을 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합적으로 고려해서 본 연구에서는 A. gracilis와 S. quadricauda를 실제 하수에 적응성과 처리능이 우수한 조류자원으로 선정하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1998

The Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration were used to treat effluent of secondary municipal wastewater treatment system(Sequencing Batch Reactor). The cross-flow hollow fiber, UF 500,000(NMWC) and MF 0.65$\mu$ membrane were selected as suitable membrane. Short term and long term fouling effect were measured as a factor of flux decrease and the fouling removal effect of mixing air bubble in the penetrant was studied. The removal of anionic sulfactants before and after formation of micelle with several kinds of oil were checked. The test results show that removal of TOC was 70~80%, TN 28% and TP 16%. The decrease of flux due to fouling were 85%(UF) and 90%(MF) after running of 100hrs. The removal of anionic sulfactants were 60~70% notwithstanding micelle or not.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1085-1093
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate anoxic-RBC (rotating biological contactor) and its application in advanced municipal wastewater treatment process to remove biologically organics and ammonia nitrogen. Effluent COD and nitrogen concentration increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. But, the concentration changes of NO$_2$$\^$-/ -N and NO$_3$$\^$-/ -N were little, as compared to COD and NH$_4$$\^$+/ -N. When the volumetric loading rate increased, COD removal efficiency and nitrification appeared very high as 96.7∼98.8% and 92.5∼98.8%, respectively. However, denitrification rate decreased to 76.2∼88.0%. These results showed that the change of volumetric loading rate affected to the denitrification rate more than COD removal efficiency or nitrification rate. The surface loading rates applied to RBC were 0.13～6.0lg COD/㎡-day and 0.312∼1.677g NH$_4$$\^$+/-N㎡-day and they were increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. However, the nitrification rate showed higher than 90%. The thickness of the biofilm in RBC was 0.130 ∼0.141mm and the density of biofilm was 79.62∼83.78mg/㎤. They were increased as surface loading rate increased. From batch kinetic tests, the k$\_$maxH/ and k$\_$maxN/ were obtained as 1.586 g C/g VSS-day, and 0.276 g N/g VSS-day, respectively. Kinetic constants of denitrifer in anoxic reactor, Y, k$\_$e/, K$\_$s/, and k were 0.678 mg VSS/mg N, 0.0032 day$\^$-1/, 29.0 mg N/l , and 0.108 day$\^$-l/, respectively. P and K$\_$s/, values of nitrification and organics removal in RBC were 0.556 g N/㎡-day and 18.71 g COD/㎡-day, respectively.

• 멤브레인
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.78-95
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• 1991

미국 캘리포니아주 Orange County에 위치한 Water Factory 21(WF-21)은 생물학적 처리공정을 거친 도시하수를 재생하여, 이 재생수를 지하수지층으로 유입되는 해수의 침투를 막기 위한 Reinjection System에 이용하고 있다. 장치 구성 공정은 Lime처리, Air Stripping, 사여과, 활성탄처리, 역삼투막 및 염소처리 등으로 이루어지며, 이에 대한 각 처리공정의 효율성에 대하여 실험을 실시하였다. 3년간의 장기간에 걸친 실험결과로부터, 도시하수에 대한 RO Membrane 처리수는 음료 수질 기준에 적합한 고수질의 물을 생성할 수 있음을 입증했다. Pilot Plant 실험에선 Lime Clarifier만으로 전처리를 실시하여 성공적인 결과를 얻었으며, 또한 저압 (250 psi)이 적용된 새로운 Membrane을 사용하여 에너지 절약을 통한 비용 절감 효과에 대한 실험도 상당한 가능성을 보여주었다.