• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.138-150
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• 2010

Objectives: There are at least three conceptual models for the effects of the childhood social environment on adult health: the critical period model, the social mobility model, and the cumulative risk model. However, few studies have investigated all three different models within the same setting. This study aims to examine the impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic positions and intergenerational social mobility over the life course on the health in adulthood based both on the critical period model and the social mobility model. Methods: This study was conducted on 9583 adults aged between 25 and 64 years old and they were the respondents to the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2006). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out, using the critical period model and the social mobility model out of the life course approaches, to look into the impact of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic positions and intergenerational social mobility on the health status in adulthood. Results: Household income and occupation out of the adulthood socioeconomic position indicators had an independent influence on the adulthood health status. The childhood socioeconomic position indicators, except for the place of childhood residence, affected the adulthood health status even after adjustment for the adulthood socioeconomic position. The effect of intergenerational social mobility was also statistically significant even after adjusting for the adulthood socioeconomic position, but it became insignificant when the childhood socioeconomic position was additionally adjusted for. Conclusions: Adulthood health is indeed affected by both the childhood and adulthood socioeconomic positions as well as intergenerational social mobility. This result shows that a life course approach needs to be adopted when dealing with health issues.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of family and employment characteristics on the psychological well-being of Korean men in their early/middle adulthood. For this purpose total-sample of 415 married white collar male workers in Seoul were selected. Major findings were as follows; First There was no significant difference between early adulthood and middle adulthood in the level of psychological well-being of married male workers. Second marital satisfaction parental role satisfaction and th employment rate of their spouses were higher among men in the early adulthood whereas the rate of specialized and managerial jobs and job flexibility were higher among men in the middle adulthood. Third parental status parental role satisfaction work flexibility job security and job satisfaction significantly affected the psychological well-being in the early adulthood whereas parental status parental role satisfaction the quality of relationship with colleagues and job s tisfaction had significant effects on it in the middle adulthood.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.445-461
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine if there was difference of psychological well-being in mid adulthood on experience of life events and social support in pre-adulthood and the effects of life events and social support in pre-adulthood on psychological well-being in mid adulthood fromlife course perspective. The data came from 511 mid-life adults aged from 40 to 59. The main results were as follows: (1) middle aged who were experienced life events concerning school, parent, violence, and death in pre-adulthood showed lower psychological well-being than those who didn't experience life events in pre-adulthood. Psychological well-being of middle aged who received social support in emotional, material, and informational area in pre-adulthood was higher than one of the whom didn't receive social support in pre-adulthood. (2) the experienced life events concerning parent, violence, and death in pre-adulthood effect on psychological well-being in mid adulthood. Also, the received emotional support and informational support in pre-adulthood influence on psychological well-being in mid adulthood. And there were adjusting effects of life events concerning parent and received informational support in pre-adulthood on the psychological well-being in mid adulthood. These findings support life course perspective that past experiences have cumulative and interconnected effect and the individual life was closely connected with other people having meaningful relationships. Also, the intervention on psychological well-being requires not only prevent life events but augment social support that can protect after experience of life events. The intervention should suggest suitable and specific method on life events.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.999-1012
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine depression in adulthood caused by the influence of negative life events (disaster accident, physical violence and emotional abuse) in pre-adulthood and explore the mediator effect of interpersonal maladjustment. To carry out such task, 974 people who have had negative life event experiences before the age of 18 were chosen based on the data from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) and Stata 10.0 was used to do the analysis. As a result, it was found that there was a direct relationship between negative life events in pre-adulthood and depression in adulthood. Specifically, experiences from an accident or disaster had a direct impact on depression. Moreover, experiences of physical violence and emotional abuse not only had a direct influence on depression, but also through maladjustment, it had an indirectly partial mediator effect that increases the chances of depression. Through this result, it was evident that negative life events from pre-adulthood had a negative effect on continuous interpersonal maladjustment as well as psychological welfare throughout the adulthood. Therefore, there needs to be thorough prevention measures on negative life events in pre-adulthood and strongly take post treatment into consideration. Through building a safe life environment, great deal of social support from social organizations should be prepared systematically.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.161-174
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• 1996

The purpose of the study is to investigate how childhood attachment and autonomy explain the gender differences in adulthood heterosexual love styles. The study examines (1) the gender differences in childhood attachment and autonomy and adulthood heterosexual love relationships, (2) the relationship between childhood attachment and autonomy in relation to mother, and love styles in adulthood among men and women. 405 married or unmarried men and women participated in a questionnaire study. Such statistic analyses are engaged for this study as cross-tabulation analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The key findings of the study are that the relationships of childhood developmental pattern of attachment and autonomy to adulthood heterosexual love styles differ between men and women. That is, developmental patterns of childhood attachment and autonomy to mother operate as a vulnerability factor in establishing adulthood love relationship, whereas childhood experiences do not explain adulthood love among women. These gender differences are discussed in theoretical contexts which explain gender-differentiated process of separation from mother during childhood.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2015

Objectives: While epidemiologic research indicates that the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors including cigarette smoking among young people with asthma is substantial, the longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking in this vulnerable population have received little attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the longitudinal trajectories of cigarette use behaviors from adolescence to adulthood between young people with and without asthma. Methods: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) during the years 1994 to 1995 (Wave I, adolescence), 2001 to 2002 (Wave III, young adulthood), and 2007 to 2008 (Wave IV, adulthood) were analyzed (n=12 244). Latent growth curve models were used to examine the longitudinal trajectories of cigarette use behaviors during the transition to adulthood according to asthma status. Results: Regardless of asthma status, the trajectory means of cigarette use behaviors were found to increase, and then slightly decrease from adolescence to adulthood. In total participants, there were no statistically significant differences in initial levels and changes in cigarette use behaviors according to asthma status. However, in select sex and race subgroups (i.e., females and non-whites), former asthmatics showed greater escalation in cigarette use behaviors than did non-asthmatics or current asthmatics. Conclusions: This study indicated that the changing patterns of cigarette use behaviors during the transition to adulthood among young people with asthma are comparable to or even more drastic than those among young people without asthma.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.307-332
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• 2020

The present study examined how the psychological well-being of young adults was affected by the perceived parental rearing attitudes and how self-concept clarity and the perceptions of emerging adulthood mediated this causal relationship based on Arnett's the theory of emerging adulthood. We specially focused on affectionate or rejective types of perceived parental rearing attitudes and possibility or instability perceptions of emerging adulthood. We performed survey research with 358 university students from six universities located in Seoul, and other cities in South Korea and analyzed collected data using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS Macro. As a result, we found correlational relationships between psychological well-being of emerging adulthood and other variables. Also, we found the mediating effect of the self-concept clarity in the relationship between the psychological well-being and the perceived parental attitudes: affectionate, rejective. However, we only found the mediating effect of the perceived possibility perception of emerging adulthood was significant in the relationship between the psychological well-being and affectionate parental rearing attitudes. Finally, we found a sequential mediation effect that the self-concept clarity and then perceived instability perception of emerging adulthood affected in the relationship between psychological well-being and rejective parental rearing attitudes of emerging adulthood. Based on results, implications and suggestions for counseling service and psychological education for university students faced emerging adulthood were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.238-265
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of depression in housewives and to analyze the effects of psychosocial factors on the depression. Especially the focus was on the differences in the degree of depression and the influencing factors on depression between those in early adulthood and those in middle adulthood The subjects consisted of 130 early adulthood housewives and 142 middled adulthood housewives. They asked to complete several self-report measures that were used to assess the variables of interest. The result indicated that the depression in housewives were serious enough to arouse social workers' attention. The average housewives were suffered from mild depression, and 17.1% of the housewives were in need of professional treatment. There was no significant difference in the degree of depression between the early adulthood housewives and the middle adulthood housewives. There were, however, differences in the factors which explain and predict the depression between these two groups. The results of step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that the factors which predict the depression for the early adulthood housewives were self-esteem, conflict with the spouse, experience of painful events, age, and conflict with the children. On the other hand, the factors which predict the depression for the middle adulthood housewives were self-esteem, conflict with the spouse, job, and income. Implications of the findings for social work interventions were discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.228-239
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between preschool education experiences and adulthood self-rated health using representative data from a national population-based survey. Methods: Data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study in 2006 and 2012 were used. A total of 2391 men and women 21-41 years of age were analyzed. Log-binomial regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between preschool education experience and self-rated health in adulthood. Parental socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators were considered as confounders of the association between preschool education experience and adulthood subjective health, while current SEP indicators were analyzed as mediators. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results: Compared with men without any experience of preschool education, those with both kindergarten and other preschool education experiences showed a lower prevalence of self-rated poor health (PR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.89). In women, however, such an association was not evident. The relationship of preschool education experiences with self-rated poor health in adulthood among men was confounded by parental SEP indicators and was also mediated by current SEP indicators. After adjustment for parental and current SEP indicators, the magnitude of the associations between preschool education experiences and adulthood subjective health was attenuated in men. Conclusions: Preschool education experience was associated with adulthood self-rated health in men. However, this association was explained by parental and current SEP indicators. Further investigations employing a larger sample size and objective health outcomes are warranted in the future.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Early age at menarche, which is indicator of early biological maturity, has been shown to be associated with increased adult body mass index. Early menarche has also been associated with many cardiovascular disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome. To evaluate the impact of menarche to cardiovascular risk factor, we assessed by age at menarche, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which represents arterial stiffness, in women with or without metabolic syndrome. The subjects recruited for this study were three hundred one women. Relatively early menarche and relatively late menarche were classified according to less than $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively early menarche, and great than the $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively late menarche. Subject were divided four group, 1) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 2) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche, 3) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 4) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche. Women who had a relatively early menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome had significantly high levels of blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels than women with late menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome, and had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels. And also, women who underwent a relatively early menarche with metabolic syndrome had highest level of baPWV in adult. In this study we found effect of age at menarche on adulthood metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., baPWV, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia) in Korean women.