• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.286-291
• /
• 2004

Mediastinum is a very rare primary site of liposarcoma. In general, wide surgical excision with adequate resection margin is the treatment of choice for lipesarcoma. We experienced a case of liposarcoma in a 24 year-old male who complained of dyspnea and chest discomfort. Symptoms had been developed a month before admission, and the intensity had been gradually increased. He visited another general hospital, and there he received left closed thoracostomy because hemothorax was suspected. Afterwards, he was transferred to our hospital without a specific diagnosis, on review of outside chest computed tomography film, mass shadow was detected in the mediastinum. For the further evaluation, we checked the chest sonography and chest magnetic resonance imaging. MRI showed 10 cm sized mass contacted with pulmonary artery trunk and left main pulmonary artery. The radiologist strongly suggested sarcoma. On the 4th day after admission, we performed emergent exploratory left thoracotomy for hematoma evacuation because mediastinal shifting progressed and heart rate was increased. Biopsy confirmed that the evacuated materials were extraskeletal myxoid chondresarcoma, so we performed extrapleural left pneumonectomy including diaphragm and a part of the pericardium. The final pathologic diagnosis was myxoid/round cell liposarcoma. He was discharged without complication and systemic chemotherapy was scheduled to begin 2 month later. During chemotherapy, local recurrence and peritoneal metastasis developed, and he died 10 month after the surgical excision. We report this case with reviewal of literature.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.415-428
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify side effects of the vesicant chemotherapy. The study was designed to be a descriptive survey. The subjects of this study were 88 patients with various types of cancer, primary lung cancer(25.0%), advanced gastric cancer(25.0%), breast cancer(20.5%), etc. The mean age was 44.8 years old(range: 16-68). The questionnaire was completed by nurses of the outpatient unit and chemotherapy ward, and intravenous nurse specialist. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Chemotherapy was administered with a 23G scalp needle and 24G insyte. Injection site was dorsum of hands(64.7%), cephalic vein(19.3%). Successful rate for the first attempt was 88.6%. The first & second cycle chemotherapy was 29.5% each.. Mainly used drugs were Navelbine(34.1%), Adriamycin(20.5%). 2) Venous Problems after chemotherapy were pain(13.6%) incurred by venous, mainly due to the administration of Navelbine; redness at the inravenous site(12.5%) and itching sense 2.3% Non-venous problems were nausea (18.2%), dullness(14.8%), vomiting(8.0%), facial flushing(6.8%), anxiety(5.7%). Subjective discomforts after chemotherapy were generalized arm pain at the injection side(14.8%), dizziness(6.8%), weakness(5.7%) and general bodyache(5.7%). Systemic anaphylactic reaction and extravasation did not occur. 3) Non-venous problem after chemotherapy were nausea, vomiting & anorexia. Frequency of chemotherapy related to side effects were itching, facial flushing, and nausea(p< .05). Day of chemotherapy related to side effects were nausea & vomiting(p< .05). Site of chemotherapy related to side effects were redness(p< .05). Frequency of venipuncture related to side effects were redness(p< .05). Conclusively, cancer chemotherapy patients have had some venous problem. They need appropriate venous access devices for chemotherapy. And other non-venous problem will be managed appropriately. Further research was required to identify the rate of venous complication or side effects of vesicant chemotherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 1991

Total 28 patients with resectable, locally advanced gastric cancer were entered in our prospective randomized study from June 15, 1988 to Sep. 15, 1990 in Yeungnam University Hospital. This study consisted of curative resection, IORT, external irradiation and combination of chemotherapy. Twenty-four of 28 patients were treated with single dose of 1500 cGy with 9 MeV election intraoperatively. External irradiation of $4300\sim4500$ cGy with 180 cGy per fraction, 5 days per week was started within 4th weeks of postoperative days. Various chemotherapy with or without external irradiation were added for reducing hematogenous and/or peritoneal dissemination and determination of complication of each arm. Duration of follow up was $4\sim31$ months. No serious complication related with radiation were reported compare to resection and chemotherapy only group. Although our follow up period is too short to draw any conclusion, IORT appears to improve local control, hopely further survival. Continuous follow up should be needed for evaluation of real therapeutic gain such as complication vs. improved survival.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.348-352
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (A. macrocephala Koidz.) extract on NIH 3T3 fibloblast. SK-MEL-3 (HBT 69) and KB (ATCC No, OCL 17) cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. 10.2 mg/ml Concentration of A. macrocephala Koidz. extracts in SK-MEL-3 showed that their susceptibility (sensitivity) to these compounds decreased in the following order ; adriamycin > H₂O > ethyl acetate > ethyl alcohol > chloroform > n-hexane in SK-MEL-3 cell lines ; 5-FU > H₂O > n-hexane > ethyl acetate > ethyl alcohol > chloroform in KB cell lines. In order to develop an antimicrobial agent, A. macrocephala Koidz. was extracted with solvents. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of each solvent extract of A. macrocephala Koidz. against microogranisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activities of ampicillin and ketoconazole as references were compared to those of each solvent extract of A. macrocephala Koidz. The antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate soluble extract of A. macrocephala Koidz. had growth inhibition activity against S. mutans and P. putida (MICs. 500 ㎍/ml). These results suggest that the ethyl acetate soluble extract of A. macrocephala Koidz. possessed antitumorous and antimicrobial agents

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 1995

To evaluate the role of radiation and chemotherapy after limb-saving operation in the management of soft tissue sarcoma, the authors analysed retrospectively 33 patients treated in department of Orthoaepdic Surgery and Radiation Therapy, Catholic University Medical College, in terms of survival rate, local recurrence rate and prognostic factors. There were 16 males and 17 females. The age distribution ranged from 16 to 81 years with mean age of 48. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 10 years with average of 5.5 years. The histologic diagnoses were 9 liposarcoma(27.2%), 8 malignant fibrohistiocytoma(24.2%), 7 unclassifiable(21.2%), 3 rhabdomyosarcoma(9.1%), 2 malignant schwannoma, 2 synovral sarcoma, and 2 fibrosarcoma(6.1%) in orders. While marginal and intralesional margins were gained in 24 patients(72.7%), wide and radical margins were obtained only in 9 patients(27.3%). On postoperative 3 weeks, local irradiation of 5000-7000 cGy was delivered to all patients by shrinking field technique for 5-8 weeks. Of 33 patients, 16(45.5%) patients were received adjuvant chemotherapy in combination of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide & vicristine, or VP16 & ifosfamide based on histologic type and obtained surgical margin. The survival rates by direct method at 2 years and 5 years were 58% and 37% respectively. Local recurrences occured in 15 patients(45.5%) at average 16 months after operation. Survival rates at 2 years and 5 years were 37% and 22% in case of intralesional and manginal excision, 75% and 47% in case of wide and radical excision respectively with statistical significance(p<0.05). They were 25% and 17% in the presence of local recurrence, 67% and 42% in the absence of local recurrence respectively with statistical significance(p<0.05). Even though there was no statistical correlation between survival rate and tumor size(p>0.05), the authors considered tumor size as a significant prognostic factors as well as surgical margin and the presence of local recurrence.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.235-241
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic effects of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. extract on lymphocytic leukemia tumor (L1210) cell lines. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay The comparison of Ic50 Values of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. extract in L1210 cell lines showed that their susceptibility to these fractons decreased in the following order: adriamycin > Fr.4> Fr. 6> Fr. 5> Fr. 3> Fr. 1> Fr. 2 by the MTT assay. In order to develop an antumicrobial agent, Poncirus trifoliata Raf. was extracted wit ethanol, and then it was fractionated with several mobile phase. The antitumor activities of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract was investigated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activities of ampicillin and ketoconazole as references were compared to those of fractions of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. The antimicrobial activities of all fractions from the extract had growth inhibition activities against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi $(MIC\;>\;200{\mu}g/ml)$. These results suggest that fraction 4 of the ethanol soluble extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. possessed the most antitumorous agent.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 2008

Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is an important cellular response that modulates the outcome of the cells which are exposed to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or the genotoxic stress including DNA damaging agents. Although it is known that JNK is activated in response to genotoxic stress, neither the pathways to transduce signals to activate JNK nor the primary sensors of the cells that trigger the stress response have been identified. Here, we report that the receptor interacting protein (RIP), a key adaptor protein of TNF signaling, was required to activate JNK in the cells treated with certain DNA damaging agents such as adriamycin (Adr) and 1-${\beta}$-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) that cause slow and sustained activation, but it was not required when treated with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and short wavelength UV, which causes quick and transient activation. Our findings revealed that this sustained JNK activation was not mediated by the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor signaling, but it required a functional ATM (ataxia telangiectasia) activity. In addition, JNK inhibitor SP-600125 significantly blocked the Adr-induced cell death, but it did not affect the cell death induced by MNNG. These findings suggest that the sustained activation of JNK mediated by RIP plays an important role in the DNA damage-induced cell death, and that the duration of JNK activation relays a different stress response to determine the cell fate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.18
• /
• pp.8503-8512
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed explanation of the mechanism of bisanthracycline, WP 631 in comparison to doxorubicin (DOX), a first generation anthracycline, currently the most widely used pharmaceutical in clinical oncology. Experiments were performed in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells which are otherwise resistant to standard drugs such as cis-platinum and adriamycin. As attention was focused on the ability of WP 631 to induce apoptosis, this was examined using a double staining method with Annexin V and propidium iodide probes, with measurement of the level of intracellular calcium ions and cytosolic cytochrome c. The western blotting technique was performed to confirm PARP cleavage. We also investigated the involvement of caspase activation and DNA degradation (comet assay and immunocytochemical detection of phosphorylated H2AX histones) in the development of apoptotic events. WP 631 demonstrated significantly higher effectiveness as a pro-apoptotic drug than DOX. This was evident in the higher levels of markers of apoptosis, such as the externalization of phosphatidylserine and the elevated level of cytochrome c. An extension of incubation time led to an increase in intracellular calcium levels after treatment with DOX. Lower changes in the calcium content were associated with the influence of WP 631. DOX led to the activation of all tested caspases, 8, 9 and 3, whereas WP 631 only induced an increase in caspase 8 activity after 24h of treatment and consequently led to the cleavage of PARP. The lack of active caspase 3 had no outcome on the single and double-stranded DNA breaks. The obtained results show that WP 631 was considerably more genotoxic towards the investigated cell line than DOX. This effect was especially visible after longer times of incubation. The above detailed studies indicate that WP 631 generates early apoptosis and cell death independent of caspase-3, detected at relatively late time points. The observed differences in the mechanisms of the action of WP631 and DOX suggest that this bisanthracycline can be an effective alternative in ovarian cancer treatment.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 1999

Bamboo salt has been used for the purpose of precaution and treatment of certain diseases including cancer. Therefore, present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of bamboo salt upon anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic activities as well. To examine the anti-cancer activity of bamboo salt, ICR mice implanted with 1$\times$l0$^{6}$ cells of sarcoma 180 intraperitoneally had been treated daily with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) for 60 days using adriamycin (2 mg/kg) as a positive control. Neither survival rate nor body weight had been significantly influenced by all the treatments indicating that bamboo salt A did not exert the anti-cancer effect on ICR mice. Anti-hypertensive activity was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which had been administered with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% in drinking water) for 28 days using hydralazin (2 mg/kg) as a positive control. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 1, 3, and 4 weeks after the starting date. Significant anti-hypertensive activity was not observed in any treated group compared to the positive control group. In order to determine if bamboo salt had anti-diabetic activity, rats in which diabetes had been induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.m.) were treated daily with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) for 28 days using insulin (50 U/kg, s.c..) as a positive control. Blood samples were taken and analyzed at 1,2, and 4 weeks after the starting date. Bamboo salt did not cause any decreasing effect on the blood glucose levels. These results clearly demonstrated that bamboo salt A did not exert anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, or anti-diabetic activities in the present experimental animals.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2006

Purpose: Various postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens have been proposed for the patients with advanced gastric cancer. The majority of clinical trials have shown no significant difference in the survival benefit. The aim of this study was to compare the survival rates of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapies used in stage III gastric cancer patients who received curative gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Between 1990 and 1999, a survival analysis was performed in 260 patients who received curative gastric resection and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients were divided into four groups according to the chemotherapeutic regimens received. The groups were: the F group: furtulon alone, FM group: furtulon and mitomycin, FAM group: 5-FU, adriamycin and mitomycin, FLEP group: 5-FU, leucovorin, etoposide and cisplatin. The survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: There were no differences among the groups of patients with regard to tumor characteristics except for lymph node metastasis and the ratio of metastasis to lymph nodes. In the FLEP group, the ratio of metastasis to lymph nodes was higher than in the other groups. The five and ten year survival rates of F, FM, FAM and FLEP were 51.9%, 28.9%, 59.5%, 49.8%, 66.1%, 57.4% and 30.0%, 27.5%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that age, Borrmann type, lymph node metastasis, ratio of metastasis to lymph nodes, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and recurrence were significant factors for survival. For the multivariate analysis, recurrence, age, Borrmann type, ratio of lymph node metastasis and lymph node dissection were independent prognostic factors; however, the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was not an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: The FAM regimen was the most beneficial postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for improved survival rates; the FM regimen was the second and the FLEP regimen was the last. In order to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer, well designed prospective studies including a surgery only group will be needed.