• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.85 no.1
• /
• pp.109-123
• /
• 2024

Xanthogranulomatous (XG) inflammatory disease is a rare benign disease involving various organs, including the gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, spleen, stomach, small bowel, colon, appendix, kidney, adrenal gland, urachus, urinary bladder, retroperitoneum, and female genital organs. The imaging features of XG inflammatory disease are nonspecific, usually presenting as a heterogeneous solid or cystic mass. The disease may also extend to adjacent structures. Due to its aggressive nature, it is occasionally misdiagnosed as a malignant neoplasm. Herein, we review the radiological features and clinical manifestations of XG inflammatory diseases in various organs of the abdomen and pelvis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.397-403
• /
• 2003

Background: The research sought to identify the clinical features of pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung generally known as a rare subtype in accordance with the lung cancer classification done in 1999 by WHO. Material and Method: 250 cases of surgically resected lung cancers were collected in this hospital from January 1992 to December 2001. This study included 42 cases of pleomorphic carcinoma diagnosed through light microscope and immunohistochemistry. Result: Out of 42 cases, males represented 31, and females 11, the age ranged from 26 to 77. Main clinical symptoms included coughing, hemoptysis, sputum. Diagnoses disclosed the stage as stage la in 3 cases (7%), Ib in 16 (38%), IIa in 1 (2%), IIb in 8 (19%), IIIa in 15 (35%), and IIIb in 1 (2%). Out of these, no lymph node metastasis was represented in 23 cases (54%), while N1 and N2 involving lymph node metastasis was shown 19 cases (46%). A total of 19 patients developed metastasis, comprising the brain in 5 cases (26%), bone in 4 (21%), muscle in 4 (21%), Lymph node in 2 (10%), and 1 liver, ovary, contralateral lung, and adrenal gland, respectively. The size of the tumor ranged from 1 cm to 11 cm, averaging 5.85 cm. Out of the 42 patients, the total two-year and five-year survival rates in accordance with the Kaplan-Meier method represented 26% and 13%, respectively, These figures compared to the corresponding 44% and 34% in cases other than pleomorphic carcinoma from the survey target of 256 cases, proved to be significantly low (p<0.002). No significant difference was found in the survival rates compared between age and tumor size, between stage I and above stage II, and between N0 and above N1. Patients who developed postoperative metastasis all died, and showed significantly low survival rates (p<0.002) compared to those patients without metastasis. Conclusion: With the new diagnosis method of f999 WHO's lung cancer classification applied, pleomorphic carcinoma showed a higher prevalence rate than under previous classifications, their postoperative survival rate was significantly low compared to histologic type of non small cell lung carcinomas.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.219-223
• /
• 1990

This is a retrospective review of 33 patients with large cell lung carcinoma treated at Yonsei University Cancer Center between Jan.1985 and Dec.1989. Of the thirty-three patients, twenty eight were men and five women. Median age was 59 years. Large cell undifferentiated carcinoma was the most common pathologic type, $78.8\%$. Twenty one of thirty three patients had far advanced diseases, stage IIIB-IV at the time of initial diagnosis. Pleural effusion was initially presented in 12 patients, and SVC syndrome appeared in 5 patients. As to location of the primary tumor,19($57.6\%$) appeared in the right lung and 14 ($42.4\%$) in the left. Patients with a centrally located primary tumor mass were nearly the same as those peripherally located (17 vs.16). Fifteen of thirty three patients developed metastasis involving not only bone, brain, the opposite lung, adrenal gland but also soft tissue, skin, pancreas and appendix. Treatment was individualized with 19 treated radically and 14 palliatively. After treatment, only two patients showed a complete response. Long term survival was observed in 4 patients: 1 (24 mo.),2 (41 mo.) and 1 (54 mo.). The overall 2 year survival rate was $14.3\%$ while the median survival time was 6.0 months. Through the analysis of the various factors affecting survival, we observed that pleural effusion-absent group and complete response group had a statistical significant better survival rate (p<0.01).

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.288-301
• /
• 1992

The objective of the present study was to identify the characteristics of phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes purified from bovine brain and to investigate their interrelationship with G protein. The purified PLC isozymes ${\beta}$, ${\gamma}$ and ${\delta}$ were obtained and the characteristics of PLC activity on various concentrations of free $Ca^{2+}$ were observed. The activity of PLC was increased with increasing $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and the activity PLC ${\delta}$ was increased higher in the presence of phosphatidyl choline(PC) than in the abscence of PC. For vesicle formation as the structure of cell membrane, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid as detergent on phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate($PIP_2$) substrate containing PC were used, and then the activity of PLC isozymes were increased with increasing concentration of cholate, from 0.2% to 1% and were increased slightly in deoxycholate. In the $PIP_2$ containing phospholipid and glycolipid as brain extract, the activity of PLC isozymes were checked in 0.2%-1% cholic acid. The activities of PLC isoyzmes were continuously increased up to 1% cholic acid. The quantitation of PLC isozymes from several bovine organs by radioimmunoassay was made. Brain was the most sufficient organ in terms of amount of PLC ${\beta}$and ${\delta}$. A large amount of PLC ${\delta}$ was existed in adrenal gland. The binding capacity of GTPrS and G protein was observed and other observations of the binding effect of GTPrS-G protein and PLC monoclonal Ab-Protein A from tissue homogenate with PLC were made. From the observation the binding capacity was revealed the range of 0.11%-1.49%. The effects of each type of G protein on the percent activity of purified PLC isozymes were observed. From the observation, activities of isozymes were increased in $Go{\alpha}$ & Gmix, and the activities of PLC ${\beta}$ and ${\delta}$ were increased in $G{\beta}{\gamma}$ and $Gi{\alpha}$. Activities of PLC ${\beta}$ and ${\gamma}$ were decreased in $Gt{\alpha}$ but PLC ${\delta}$ increased.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the results and prognostic factors for postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy in patients at stages I and II of endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: Between January 1991 and December 2006, 35 patients with FIGO stages I and II disease, who received adjuvant radiation therapy following surgery for endometrial cancer at Ewha Womans University Hospital, were enrolled in this study. A total of 17 patients received postoperative pelvic external beam radiation therapy; whereas, 12 patients received vaginal brachytherapy alone, and 6 patients received both pelvic radiation therapy and vaginal brachytherapy. Results: The median follow-up period for all patients was 54 months. The 5-yr overall survival and disease-free survival rates for all patients were 91.4% and 81.7%, respectively. The 5-yr overall survival rates for low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were 100%, 100% and 55.6%, respectively. In addition, the 5-yr disease-free survival rates were 100%, 70.0%, and 45.7%, respectively. Although no locoregional relapses were identified, distant metastases were observed in 5 patients (14%). The most common site of distant metastases was the lung, followed by bone, liver, adrenal gland, and peritoneum. A univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between distant metastases and risk-group (p=0.018), pathology type (p=0.001), and grade (p=0.019). A multivariate analysis also revealed that distant metastases were correlated with pathology type (p=0.009). Papillary, serous and clear cell carcinoma cases demonstrated a poor patient survival rate compared to cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma. The most common complication of pelvic external beam radiation therapy was enteritis (30%), followed by proctitis, leucopenia, and lymphedema. All these complications were of RTOG grades 1 and 2; no grades 3 and 4 were observed. Conclusion: For the low-risk and intermediate-risk groups (stages 1 and 2) endometrial cancer, pelvic control, and overall survival rate was free of severe toxicity when pelvic radiation therapy or vaginal brachytherapy was performed. In the high-risk group, pelvic control rate was excellent, but the survival rate was poor due to distant metastases, in spite of the pelvic radiation therapy. The combined modality of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is recommended for high-risk groups. For the intermediate-risk group, a prospective randomized study is required to compare the efficacy between whole pelvic radiation therapy and vaginal brachytherapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.66 no.6
• /
• pp.444-450
• /
• 2009

Background: Biomarkers for cancer have several potential clinical uses, including the following: early cancer detection, monitoring for recurrence prognostication, and risk stratification. However, no biomarker has been shown to have adequate sensitivity and specificity. Many investigators have tried to validate biomarkers for the early detection and recurrence of lung cancer. To evaluate plasma G-CSF as such a biomarker, protein levels were measured and were found to correlate with the clinicopathological features of primary lung tumors. Methods: Between December 2006 and May 2008, 100 patients with histologically-validated primary lung cancer were enrolled into this study. To serve as controls, 127 healthy volunteers were enrolled into this study. Plasma G-CSF levels were measured in lung cancer patients using the sandwich ELISA system (R & D inc.) prior to treatment. Results: The mean plasma G-CSF levels were 12.2$\pm$0.3 pg/mL and 46.0$\pm$3.8 pg/mL (mean$\pm$SE) in the normal and in the cancer groups, respectively. In addition, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with early lung cancer than in healthy volunteers (p<.001). Plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients who were under 65 years old or smokers. Within the cancer group, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with non small cell lung cancer than in patients with small cell lung cancer (p<.05). Overall, plasma G-CSF levels were shown to increase dependent upon the type of lung cancer diagnsosed. In the order from highest to lowest, the levels of plasma G-CSF tended to decrease in the following order: large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Plasma G-CSF levels tended to be higher in patients with advanced TNM stage than in localized TNM stage (I, II

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.244-248
• /
• 2011

Hypoadrenocorticism results from the deficient adrenal gland production of glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids. Fludrocortisone have been used for the management of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs. But desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) have been administered for management of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs since several years because of the equivalent effect of fludrocortisone, and lessening of owner and patient's effort. The therapy of DOCP was evaluated in 14 dogs diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism based on clinical signs, an electrolyte imbalance, and the results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test. DOCP was administered at 25-day intervals at an initial dose of 2.2 mg/kg. The dogs were monitored for clinical signs and serum electrolyte, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations every 25 days. Fludrocortisone was an effective treatment in dogs overall; however, a change to DOCP was necessary in 7 dogs because of adverse effects or poor responses. Another 7 dogs were treated with DOCP from the first time. A total of 14 dogs were treated with DOCP. Clinical signs and electrolyte imbalance resolved completely in 12 dogs. However, mild clinical signs, such as shivering, remained in 2 dogs, and 4 dogs required regular supplementation with prednisone. Improvements in clinical signs and electrolyte imbalance were significantly better after treatment with DOCP than with fludrocortisone. The results suggest that DOCP may be a better choice than fludrocortisone for the management of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.137-187
• /
• 2005

This thesis study of the medical concept Qiu Zheng Lu (求正錄) is discussed in the Lei Jing Fu Yi (類經附翼), a book authored by Zhang Jie Bin (張介賓) a medical doctor during the Chinese Ming (明) dynasty (1368-1683). The meaning of Qiu Zheng Lu (求正錄) is "searching for the rightness." In his book Zhang Jie Bin (張介賓) intended to clarify Qiu Zheng Lu (求正錄) by delineating the concept into four categories. These are: Sanjiao Baoluo Mingmen Bian (三焦包絡命門 辨) the theory of the triple warmer, the Pericardium, the Gate of Life ; Da Bao Lun (大寶論) the theory of the great treasure of the human body; Zhen Yin Lun (眞陰論) the theory of true-yin fluid; and Shi Er Zang Mai Hou Bu Wei Lun (十二臟脈候部位論) the theory of the part of the pulse and its condition in regards to the twelve viscera. Sanjiao Baoluo Mingmen Bian (三焦包絡命門辨), the theory of the triple warmer, the Pericardium, the Gate of Life. The triple warmer (三焦: Sanjiao) is composed of three parts: the upper, middle, and lower. This concept is also connected with the functions and roles of the vital organs. The upper burner is related to the heart and lungs. The middle burner is related to the liver and spleen. Whereas, the lower burner is related to the kidneys. Bao-Luo (包絡) is the Pericardium, the envelope of the heart, serving as the protector of the heart. Ming-Men (命門) is the Gate of Life, reffering to the vitals of life. It functions as kidney-yang which is considered as the origin of yang-energy of the human body, and serves partly as the function of cortico-adrenal gland in modern medicine. Zhang Jie Bin (張介賓) discussed the Da Bao Lun (大寶論) as the most important function in the human body because the Da Bao (大寶/great treasure) is the true-yang (眞陽) which is the affective force for physiological functions, and as the source of energy for life activities. Moreover, true-yang (眞陽) functions both as a heater and thermometer that warms the human body and indicates vitality by levels of body warmth respectively. The Zhen Yin Lun (眞陰論) theory states that if true-yang (眞陽) is energy, then true-yin (眞陰) is the source of energy. This can be likened to a tree with roots which absorbs nutrients from the ground (source), and spreads the nutrients (energy) through its branches. Thus, true-yin (眞陰) is the root cause for later functional activities of true-yang (眞陽). In Shi Er Zang Mai Hou Bu Wei Lun (十二臟脈候部位論) the theory of the pulse (脈 /Mai) and its condition in regards to the twelve viscera, Zhang Jie Bin (張介賓) insisted that when a diagnoses by the pulse is made the five vital organs and the six viscera (五臟六腑) of a human body should be harmoniously arranged in accordance with its respective part of the pulse. Furthermore, Zhang Jie Bin (張介賓) supported his theory with evidence from earlier Chinese medical doctors. And, by stating that human beings must cultivate and preserve their true-yin (眞陰) and true-yang (眞陽) energies he therefore created four new prescriptions called: Zuoguiyin (左歸飮), Youguiyin (右歸飮), Zuoguiwan (左 歸丸), Youguiwan (右歸丸). To further clarify his theory Zhang Jie Bin (張介賓) considered that the function of true-yang (眞陽) and true-yin (眞陰) is expressed by Ming-Men (命門). This theory is that for humans to be spiritually and physically healthy they must live in accord with natural law. Also, within the framework of natural law, astronomical and geographical factors must be considered for complete, holistic, health. Thus, Ming-Men is the basis for healthy living in the modern world.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.360-366
• /
• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of multivitamin on macrophage activity in Raw 264.7 cell and repeated oral dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawely rat of multivitamin. Raw 264.7 cells were treated with 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ multivitamin for 24 h. To measure the activity of macrophages, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ assays were performed in Raw 264.7 cells. Treatment with 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ multivitamin for 24 h significantly increased production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ compared with control groups, indicating activation of macrophages. The female rats were treated with multivitamin of control group, low group (0.24 g/kg), medium group (1 g/kg) and high group (2 g/kg) intragastrically for 4 weeks, respectively. We examined the body weight, the feed intake, the clinical signs and serum biochemical analysis. We also observed the histopathological changes of liver, ovary, brain, adrenal gland, spleen, kidney, heart and lung in rats. No significant differences in body weights, feed intake, biochemical analysis and histopathological observations between control and multivitamin treatment group were found. In conclusion, multivitamin is physiologically safe and improve macrophage activity.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.38-41
• /
• 2022

Purpose Testosterone is a steroid hormone synthesized by the Leydig cells of the testes in men, and by the adrenal cortex and ovaries in women. Testosterone production is regulated by luteinzing hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. In this experiment, the effectiveness of testosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits produced by three companies was evaluated and compared in case the production of testosterone kits was stopped or supply problems occurred. Materials and Methods In October 2021, samples were collected from the patients (n=49) who requested the testosterone RIA test. The experiment was conducted by dividing the patient's sample into low concentration (1.0 ng/mL or less), medium concentration (2.0-4.0 ng/mL) and high concentration (6.0 ng/mL or more). The Testosterone RIA test compared and evaluated the validity of Company A kits used in this hospital and those of Company B and C used in other hospitals. The precision, sensitivity, recovery, linearity and correlation were evaluated for each kit. The testosterone RIA test was carried out in accordance with the insert kit manual for each manufacturer. Results As a result of measuring the precision of the intra assay, the Coefficient of Variation (CV) value of the company A kit was high at 11.4% only in the low concentration sample, and in the case of the company B and C kits, the CV value was less than 10% at low, medium, and high concentrations. In the inter-assay precision measurement, the CV value was less than 15% in both A and C kits, but in the case of the B kit, the CV value exceeded 15% at low and medium concentrations. Sensitivity was 0.13 ng/mL for company A, 0.01 ng/mL for company B, and 0.01 ng/mL for company C, and the linearity of all three kits showed excellent linearity. In the case of recovery rate, all of the A, B, and C company kits showed results that were out of 90-110%. In the case of correlation test, when compared with the company A kit currently use in here, the correlation coefficient (R²) value for the company B kit was 0.9508, and for the company C kit was 0.9352 Conclusion As a result, there was a slight difference in precision at the low concentration sample. The correlation test showed an excellent correlation coefficient. However, it was difficult to secure samples of various concentrations because there were not many tests of testosterone requested at this hospital. So, additional experiments should be carried out by acquiring samples of various concentrations on each laboratory later.