The purpose of this study was to provide basic data in child health education or counselling through content analysis related to child health in newspaper articles. Data were collected 8 daily newspaper by selecting health articles from neonate to adolescent period during 1 year from January 1 to December 31 in 1998. The data were analyzed in the framework of content analysis method and the reliability degree was 98% by the method of Holsti. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The frequency according to health category, disease treatment(46.7%) topped followed by health maintenanceㆍpromotion(28.0%), disease prevention(14.7%), growthㆍdevelopment(10.6%) 2. The frequency according to season, summer (36.4%) rank first. 3. The frequency according to WHO international disease classification, infectious disease (29.6%) take most. 4. According to child developmental age, similar frequency showed from infant to adolescent except neonate. 5. 201 themes, 43 category,4 health categories were confirmed in the content analysis. 6. Health maintenceㆍpromotion occupy 28.0% of health category include 14 categories. 7, Growthㆍdevelopment include 6 category occuping 10.6% of the whole health category. 8. Disease prevention occupy 14.7% of health category and contain 6 categories. 9. Disease treatment take top of health category by the rate of 46.7% and contain 17 categories.
The purpose of this study is to find out some characteristics of the family functions of single mothers to provide some useful data for the development of programs which may help single mothers to improve their family functions. The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) which is composed of problem solving function (PS), communication function (CF), role function (RC), emotional reaction function (ER), emotional involvement (EI), behavioral control function (BC), and general function (GC) and McCubbins' FSI were administered to single mothers and their adolescent children and mothers and their adolescent children of ordinary families (control family). The single mothers' perception of their family function was lower than that of control family mothers in an the 7 categories of FAD. The perceptions of the family function of the single mothers' children were lower than those of control family mothers' children. There was on significant difference between the perceptions of single mothers and their children in PS, ER, EI, GC of their family. However, single mothers' perception in RC and BC was lower than that of their children, and the children's perception in CF were lower than that of their mothers. Single mothers who fall on the period of single motherhood was shorter than 7 years perceived their families' function as lower than that of single mothers' who fall on the periods of single motherhood longer than 7 years in all categories. Generally speaking, the single mothers' family functions were lower than that of control family. The different characteristics of each single mother's family functions should be considered in developing programs for single mothers.
Purpose: Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by the rapid growth of the musculoskeletal system, which is important for maintaining correct posture. Incorrect posture, lack of exercise, and reduced physical activity can cause spine deformities and affect lifelong health. This study was designed to evaluate the application and effect of a program for improving adolescents' musculoskeletal health. Methods: A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted with 13 male and 20 female middle and high school students, with an average age of 15.39 years. Their general characteristics and physical measurements were obtained. The program consisted of group exercises (60 minutes, once per week), gait pattern monitoring, and online communication. A paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to examine the program's effect. Results: Overall posture habits improved, and the total musculoskeletal index decreased; however, these results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The devised program was effective in improving musculoskeletal imbalance. Therefore, effective programs and health devices should be developed to help adolescents maintain correct posture and encourage and support continuous participation in such programs.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) could induce metabolic disorders through interfering with thyroid homeostasis. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of short term to environmental relevant doses of DEHP on thyroid hormones. Four week old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with vehicle (corn oil), and DEHP 0.75, 7.5, and 150 mg/kg/day. The rats were treated with once daily by oral gavage and were sacrificed with after 1 week. They were measured body weight and relative thyroid weight, serum thyroid hormones and histological changes of thyroid. There was no difference in body weight between the control and DEHP exposed rats. Relative thyroid weight in DEHP 150 mg/kg/day treated group was significantly lower than control. Serum thyroxine levels was decreased in rats exposed to 0.75 and 150 mg/kg/day DEHP. No histological changes were observed in the thyroid of rats administered DEHP compared to control. Exposure to DEHP at environmental relevant levels, even short-term exposure, can cause hypothyroidism in adolescent rats even the exposure period is relative short.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
/
v.34
no.4
/
pp.236-241
/
2023
Objectives: According to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, the main categories of tic disorders (F95.0, F95.1, and F95.2) follow a diagnostic hierarchy based on the duration and diversity of tic symptoms. The present study investigated the use of this diagnostic hierarchy in real-world clinical practice. Methods: Based on the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database, the diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) made after a diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) or Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) and diagnosis of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (F95.1) made after a diagnosis of Tourette's syndrome (F95.2) were referred to as type A errors. The diagnosis of transient tic disorder (F95.0) repeated after a period of >12 months was referred to as type B error. Demographic and clinical differences according to the diagnostic error types were analyzed using analysis of variance, Student's t-tests, and chi-squared tests. Results: Most participants (96.5%) were without errors in the diagnosis of tic disorders. Higher proportions of males (p=0.005) and antipsychotic prescriptions (p<0.001) were observed in patients with type A or B diagnostic errors. A higher proportion of health insurance holders was observed among those with type A errors (p=0.027). Conclusion: Errors were absent in majority of the tic diagnoses in real-world clinical practice in terms of the diagnostic hierarchy.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
/
v.9
no.1
/
pp.13-25
/
1998
Aim:We think that the most important etiology in parent abuse is the psychodynamic and psychopathology in the family. So, we investigated the adolescents being admitted in SNMH, whose chief complaints were parent abuse. We were trying to explore families psychodynamic and psychopathology, especially mother-child interaction and to differentiate them in according to developmental psychopathology. Method:Our objects were the adolescent patients admitted in SNMH from 1987 to 1997 because they attacked parents verbally and physically. We examined 21 adolescents except those with psychosis, organic mental disorder, autism and mental retardation by means of interview or chart review. Result and Conclusion:The number of male patients was 14 and the number of female patients was 7. The most common diagnosis was conduct disorder and borderline personality disorder. The mean age was in the mid-teens. We observed 4 subgroups that were divided developmentally in object relation. 1) Symbiotic group with mother:(1) They did not separate and remain in symbiotic relationships with their mothers based on insecure attachment. Fathers were abscent emotionally and physically, and their mothers were prominent in close relationships with the patients in their family , where as the patients were the only man in the family. Adolescents entered the second separation-individuation. They expressed anger and internal tension involved with the close attachment with their mothers and also attempted separation from their mothers through physically attacking them. (2) These patients had suffered from physical illness and developmental delay since birth. Therefore the parents overprotected their children. The children had persistent infantile omnipotence and fantasies of power, so they could not deal with unrealistic states, adapt to reality, and depended on their parents overtly. They easily acted out unless their demands were fulfilled. 2) Borderline personality disorder:We observed deficiencies in care taking. Their parents had personality problems and immaturity. They coulden’t help their children to be separated in the rapproachment phase. Their conflict about dependence-independence was revived in the second separation-individuation adolescent period. We understand parent abuse as an attempt to overcome the conflict. 3) Conduct disorder:They did not build up basic attachment with their parents. They think of their parents as only a means of fulfilling their needs. When patients’ need were not fulfilled and remained in a conflicted state, they attacked their parents, unable to control their aggressions and impulses.
Yu, Byung Keun;Oh, Yeon Joung;Lee, Jin Chul;Lee, Kee-Hyoung;Min, Jung Hye;Park, Sang Hee
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
/
v.52
no.4
/
pp.422-428
/
2009
Purpose : Adolescence is a period of growth and development in body structure and physiologic, psychologic, and social functioning. Smoking and drinking in this period are very harmful and may lead to other forms of substance abuse. We surveyed the actual aspects of smoking and drinking among Korean adolescents and analyzed associated factors. Methods : A survey was performed among adolescents using a questionnaire about smoking and drinking. Data were collected from students who visited pediatric clinics for routine school examinations from July to November 2007. Results : A total of 2,546 adolescents (smoking 1,512; drinking 1,034) participated in the study. The overall smoking and drinking rates were 29.2% and 48.2%, respectively, and the mean age at the first instance of smoking and drinking was 13.8 and 14.1 years, respectively. Among drinking adolescents, 30.1% were offered a drink by their parents, although most adolescents were encouraged to smoke or drink by their friends. Dissatisfaction with family and school life, economic status, and school performance was associated with a higher smoking and drinking rate (P<0.001). Broken families were associated with a high rate of smoking, but peer satisfaction was not related to smoking or drinking. The frequency and amount of smoking and drinking in adolescents were as high as those in adults. Social sanctions seemed insufficient to keep adolescents from smoking and drinking. Conclusion : Adolescent smoking and drinking are highly influenced by family and school environments, so more active social sanctions are required, including parental involvement and legislation preventing adolescents from smoking and drinking.
Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
/
v.41
no.4
/
pp.306-313
/
2014
Impacted teeth are teeth with a delayed eruption time or that are expected to erupt incompletely. Those teeth can cause a series of potential problems such as root displacement and resorption, periodontal problems in adjacent teeth, referred pain and the formation of cysts and odontogenic tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics and treatment of child and adolescent patients younger than 15 years of age that were diagnosed with an impacted tooth who visited the Chosun University Dental Hospital. The impacted tooth, its etiology, treatment and traction period were surveyed through electric medical records, radiographs in 335 patients. We excluded the impacted third molar, supernumerary and deciduous teeth from this study. The most frequently impacted teeth are upper canine, followed by the upper incisor. The most common etiologies of impaction were an abnormal eruption pathway and localized pathologic lesions. The treatment of an impacted tooth was mostly orthodontic traction. The traction period was relatively short in cases with distinct obstacles, with an impacted upper incisor and if patients were younger. An orthodontic traction is considered to be more unfavorable if the patient gets older. Therefore, an early diagnosis and a precise treatment plan through a regular check-ups are mandatory.
Objectives : For investigating relationship between oral condition and body mass of adolescent period and helping to make basic data which make oral care systematically while performing health care for adolescent. Methods : This research was carried out by performing oral and physical test of 273 high school students in some reasons from July 2nd to 16th in 2012. Results : There were significant differences, since the more subjects had irregular occlusion, the more they had loosing tooth(p<0.05). There was a significant difference, since when subjects had more numbers of regular occlusion, they had higher BMI and heavier weight.(p<0.001). There are significant different, since when the subjects had worse peridontal condition, they had more numbers of DT(p<0.001). There was a significant difference in occlusion and body mass group, since when subjects had regular occlusion, 46.4% of subjects were standard body weight, 41.0% of subjects were overweight and when subjects needed orthodontics, 52.7% of subjects were standard body weight, 33.8% of subjects were low-weight, and 13.5% of subjects were overweight(p<0.001). In the correlation between oral condition and BMI, DT index showed negative interrelation with FT index(r=-0.179) and positive interrelation with periodontal condition(r=0.221), MT index showed positive interrelation with occlusion(r=0.137) and FT index showed positive interrelation with height(r=0.136). BMI showed highly positive interrelation with weight(r=0.940), and when occlusion was worse, it shows negative interrelation with BMI(r=-0.293). Height showed highly positive interrelation with weight(r=0.447), and when the more subjects had malocclusion, it showed low negative interrelation with weight (r=-0.257). Conclusions : It was considered that an adolescent period forms health habits, so it was important to increase health action through education for growing healthy adult and not only guiding improvement of dietary life for keeping normal weight, but also conducting oral health education for treating regular occlusion of oral condition and prosthetic procedures for loosing tooth right time.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.17
no.10
/
pp.449-457
/
2016
Adolescence is a period of transition from child to adult and is a very important period in which to think about the direction to go in the future and establish one's ego. However, the level of life satisfaction experienced by Korean youths in the adolescent period has been shown to be the lowest among OECD countries. It is very critical to understand which factors are important in determining the level of life satisfaction and how they affect it. In this study, to analyze the factors which affect the life satisfaction of youths and their learning attitude - essential school activity prior to life satisfaction in the youth period, we firstly focused on the relationships with their parents, peers and teachers as potential factors affecting their learning attitude and life satisfaction. This study found that Parenting Style, Peer Attachment and Relationship with Teachers significantly influenced Life Satisfaction either directly or indirectly. We analyzed the structural relationships among these factors using the structure equation model, discussed the analysis results and concluded with further research directions.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.