• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.258-266
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• 1996

Self-injurious behaviors are commoly founded in the case of the developmentally impaired, such as mental retardation and autistic disorder. These behaviors are primary serious sources of distress for both child and their parents, another obstacle to overcome within the family and society. The author has a case that a child, had never before shown self-injurious behaviors. He abruptly started to injury his face and heel. The beginnings of these harmful behaviors are associated with symptoms of physical illness, such as fever, chills and general aches. The self-injured wounds were very severe. After the patient was treated with haloperidol and improved his physical conditions, self-injurious behaviors disappeared. The author reports the child's clinical process, characteristics of self-injurious behaviors, and discuss the treatment factors, along with a literature review.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between depression, attachment and addiction problems in runaway youths. Methods: We sent a questionnaire package to 187 runaway youths in 18 adolescent shelters. The questionnaire package collected their sociodemographic data and included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPA), Korean Internet Addiction Self-Scale (K-Scale), Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Korean version of the $Fagerstr{\ddot{o}}m$ Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results: The percentage of youth with depression was 28.8% (N=54). In the depression group, there were significantly more problematic alcohol users (53.06%, p=.0199) and significantly lower IPA scores (p=.0064). There was a significant negative correlation between depression and a IPA, and significant positive correlation between depression and the K-Scale. Conclusion: These results suggest that runaway youths with depression have more problematic alcohol drinking and attachment problems.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.531-540
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• 2017

Objectives: This study discusses the effects of constitution therapy on adolescent ulcerative colitis. Methods: A 12-year-old male patient was treated with western medication for six months and herbal medicine for one year and six years; however, his abdominal pain, mucousy stool, bloody stool, and diarrhea persisted. He was diagnosed as having Taeumin according to Sasang constitution classification and treated with Sasang constitutional medicine (i.e., Yeuldahanso-tang and food restrictions based on constitutional medicine theory). Before the first treatment, his Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) score was 35, but this score decreased to 15 within six months and was maintained at 10 by 18 months of treatment. He took the herbal medication for 38 months, and his PUCAI score was 0 at the end of treatment. His liver functioned normally despite long-term drug use, and a follow-up colonoscopy showed no ulcerative colitis except melanosis, which was presumed to be caused by the herbal medicine. Ulcerative colitis in pediatric adolescents requires treatment with pharmacotherapy and dietary control based on constitutional medicine to maintain disease remission. Conclusions: Constitutional therapy is effective for treating adolescent ulcerative colitis. More clinical data are needed for patients with ulcerative colitis.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1991

The College entrance examination stress syndrome is a kind of anxiety disorder. The underlying cause of this disorder is not a test anxiety itself. One's hidden inner and familial conflicts are more likely attributed to this disorder. Patient's the most common complaints are various psychosomatic symptoms but in severe cases underlying psychopathology may be activated and progress to major psychosis. In a broad sense adolescent's delinguent behavior, drug abuse, school drop-out and sucide are closely related to this syndrome. In clinical management of these patients, considering the special situation of impending examination, the therapist must access to central conflict theme in a short time without severe resistance. The authors classified this syndrome into 5 clinical subtypes ; 'the anxious group', 'the exhaustion group', 'the despair group', 'the emptyness group' and 'the boredome group'. Typical case of each subtype and it's management methods were presented briefly.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 1992

This article describes several clinical usefullness of the telephone in psychotherapy with adolescents through case analysis by Tolchin, and discussed various management problems and some practical guidelines for therapists planning to utilize telephone psychotherapy with adolescents through literature analysis. In general, most adolescent patients in regular treatment benefit from knowing that the therapist can be reached by phone and that their call will be returned that same day. The therapist's telephone availability helps the young patient to develope a positive working alliance. Telephone psychotherapy had it's first widespread application in crisis intervention and suicide prevention. It's current uses also include enhancement of self-control in cases of self-destructive adolescents, and management of anxious, depressive, or anorexic adolescents. In addition, such widely divergent modalities of treatment as follow up of patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital, alcoholic rehabilitation programs, drug hotlines, sex counselling group therapy for visually impaired elderly, control of separation anxiety in girls, resolution of fear on the mental disorders, and helpful modality to continue psychotherapy without geographic barrier during longer periods of separation with therapist are currently available via telephone. But telephone psychotherapy is generally not suitable for more self-defensive and introverted cases, more dependent chronic callers, silent cases, test callers. the cases of telephone scatologias, the cases of intellectualized discussion, of more dependent cases calling phone in order to get attention from therapist. Telephone psychotherapy for adolescents serves as an important and useful method in the therapeutic armamentarium for this most challenging and rewarding population.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

Objectives：Few studies have examined the psychiatric properties or child developmental problems associated with inversion of chromosome 9. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychiatric properties of child patients who have inversion of chromosome 9, focused on behavioral problems and child developmental problems like motor or language developmental delay, intellectual impairment, and growth retardation. Methods：1) The authors examined the cases referred for cytogenetic examination from 1984 to 2000 at Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. The cases with the examination result of inversion of chromosome 9 were collected and informations about the departments which referred and the main reasons for referral were also checked. 2) 12 child subjects with inversion of chromosome 9 and their parents underwent psychiatric interview and parent questionnaire(child and adolescent past history questionnare, CBCL). 45 normal students whose sex and age were matched to patients were selected as a control group. Results：1) There were 165 cases of inversion of chromosome 9. The major departments which referred were Obstetrics and Gynecology(47.3%), Pediatrics(23.6%) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry(17.0%). The major reasons for referral from the Pediatrics and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry department (67 cases total) were intellectual impairment(35.8%), language or motor developmental delay(31.3%), suspected Fragile X syndrome(23.9%), and growth retardation(20.9%). 2) Compared to normal control group, the rate to be included in the clinical range with regard to the social problems profile was higher in patient group according to the CBCL results. The patient group had language and motor developmental delay. Conclusion：There is a possibility of inversion of chromosome 9 to be associated with child developmental problems or behavioral problems. This study is the first approach to evaluate the developmental aspects associated with inversion of chromosome 9.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.272-281
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• 2020

Agenesis of permanent tooth in adolescent patients can be treated either by orthodontic treatment for space closure or by maintaining the space until implant restoration can be carried out in adult. However, gradual atrophy of alveolar bone width makes it difficult to restore the prosthesis in the future or may cause unaesthetic results. Therefore, maintaining of not only the missing space but also the alveolar bone width should be considered. This case is a treatment whereby a temporary replacement of missing 2 mandibular incisors in adolescent patient was carried out using 2 temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Two TADs were placed horizontally 2 - 3 mm below the top of alveolar ridge, and fixed with artificial teeth by stainless steel wires extended. During the 2 year follow-up, neither gingival inflammation nor loss of the TADs have occurred. In the radiographic evaluation, the growth of the adjacent alveolar bone was not inhibited, and the width of the alveolar bone was maintained.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.177-188
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• 2002

Objectives：The major goal of this study was to investigate and compare the behavior problems and mothers' rearing pattern between adolescent psychiatric patients either neglected or rejected by peer and those who were neither neglected nor rejected by peer. Methods：Adolescent psychiatric patients(N=25) performed peer neglect scale, peer reject scale. And their mothers performed the part of Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL), Maternal Behavior Research Instrument(MBRI), the scale for the maternal concern about the social life of their own patients, and the scale for maternal concern about the friendship of their own patients. According to the score of the peer neglect scale and the peer reject scale, we divided the patients into 'peer neglect-reject' group(n=15) and ‘on-loneliness’ group(n=10), and compared the scores of other scales between each group. Also, we investigated the correlation among all scales. Results：1) The scores of the part of CBCL(p<.05), depressed/anxious subscale of CBCL(p<.05) and thought problem subscale of CBCL(p<.01) in peer neglect-reject group were significantly higher than those in non-neglect group. The score of peer neglect scale was significantly correlated with that of the part of CBCL(r=.516), depressed/anxious subscale of CBCL(r=.483), thought problem subscale of CBCL (r=.651), social problem subscale of CBCL(r=.517). And the score of peer reject scale was significantly correlated with that of attention subscale of CBCL(r=.414), thought problem subscale of CBCL(r=.446), social problem subscale of CBCL(r=.531). 2) But, each group was not significantly different on the scores of MBRI, the scale for the maternal concern about the social life of their own patients, and the scale for maternal concern about the friendship of their own patients. And there were no significant correlation between the scores of peer neglect / peer reject scale and those of scales for maternal rearing pattern. Conclusion：The thought problem and depression/anxiety problem of adolescent psychiatric patients neglected or rejected by peer were estimated more higher than those of adolescent psychiatric patients neither neglected nor rejected by peer. But, from the view of maternal rearing pattern, each 2 groups seemed not to be different. Further research using more subjects will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2002

Objectives：This study was conducted to investigate the degree of psychopathologies of the family members of children with chronic convulsive disorder and evaluate the structures and dynamics of those families. Methods：The participant patients and family members were recruited from the population attending the outpatient clinic of department of pediatric neurology in Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. All the patients had idiopathic chronic convulsive disorder. Any patient with mental retardation, pervasive developmental disorder and gross brain pathology was excluded. As controls, normal students were chosen and their sex, age, achievement, socioeconomic status were matched to patients. The author interviewed the children and their family members twice and obtained informations about patient-parent relationship, patient-sibling relationship and others. For in-depth evaluation, we used family environment scales(FES), symptom Checklist-90-revised(SCL-90-R), self administered dependency questionnaire for mother(SADQ). Results：After interviewing with the parents of epileptic children, overprotection of parents, hostile feeling of siblings toward index children were higher than controls. The parental conflict was also more expressed than control families. According to results from FES, the scores of the subscales of expression, achievement-orientation, intelligence-orientation and active recreation were significantly lower than control group. The epileptic children showed higher dependency to parents especially in affection, communication and traveling areas of SADQ than control group. Maternal psychopathologies evaluated by SCL-90-R were much higher than the mothers of controls. According to T scores of SCL-90-R, about 40% of mothers with epileptic children had the risk of clinically significant depressive or anxiety disorders. Conclusion：These results suggested that the family members of epileptic children had more relationship problems and psychopathologies than control group and some mothers might have clinically significant depressive or anxiety disorders. so, effective psychiatric family interventions are needed for resolution of conflict and psychopathologies of family members.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.1 s.48
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• pp.111-128
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• 1995

This study was investigated to assess the difference of facial height and occlusal plane inclination between pre- and post-treatment in Class I malocclusion group The subjects consisted of 35 extraction patients and 30 nonextraction patient,;, and was subdivided into Group I(overbite<0mm), Group II(04mm) in reference to overbite, and adolescent group and adult group in reference to age. Lateral cephalogram was taken with standard method, traced, and digitized for each subject. The computerized statistical analysis was carried out with SAS program The results wolf as follows. 1. In both groups of extraction and nonextraction group the anterior facial height increased after orthodontic treatment but there was no significant difference(p>0.05) between each goup. 2. There was no statstical significance in change of occlusal plane inclination in adolescent group, but significant difference(p<0.05) among three subgroup in adult group. 3. In adolescent-extraction and adolescent-nonextraction group there was significant increase of anterior facial height and posterior facial height, and was superior to adult groups in posterior facial height increment. 4 In all groups upper and lower molars were uprighted to occlusal plane. This had statistically significant effect.