• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.87-105
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether nonemergency, isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery for high- or low-risk patients biases the assessment of the risk-adjusted mortality rates of hospitals. This study used 2002 National Health Insurance claims data for tertiary hospitals in Korea. The study sample consisted of 1,959 patients from 23 tertiary hospitals. The risk-adjustment model used the patients' biological, admission, and comorbidity data identified in the claims. The subjects were classified into high- and low-risk groups based on predicted surgical risk. The crude mortality rates and risk-adjusted mortality rates for low-risk, high-risk, and all patients in a hospital were compared based on the rank and the four intervals defined by quartile. Also, the crude mortality rates of the three groups were compared with their 95% confidence intervals of predicted mortality rates. The C-statistic (0.83) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test ($X^2$=11.47, p=0.18) indicated that the risk-adjustment model performed well. Presenting crude mortality rates with their 95% confidence intervals of predicted rates showed higher agreements among the three groups than using the rank or intervals of mortality rates defined by quartile in the hospital performance assessment. The crude mortality rates for the low-risk patients in 21 of the 23 hospitals were located on the same side of their 95% confidence intervals compared to that for all patients. High-risk patients and all patients differed at only one hospital. In conclusion, the impact of risk selection by hospital on the assessment results was the smallest when comparing the crude inpatient mortality rates of CABG patients with the 95% confidence intervals of predicted mortality rates. Given the increasing importance of quality improvements in Korean health policy, it will be necessary to use the appropriate method of releasing the hospital performance data to the public to minimize any unwanted impact such as risk-based hospital selection.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.171-197
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• 2017

China's independent college approved private education investment, and facilitates the use of funds to support individual investors, corporations, and society. In contrast to China's public universities, the college guarantee private school method of operation. Its bachelor's degree, admission to students, the establishment of a separate corporation, and the recognition of scholastic achievements, was established with the aim of ensuring the diversity of higher education institutions in China. However, since the early 1990s, the independent college, which has emerged as a new way of higher education in China, has achieved quantitative growth over the past 30 years, but the quality of education has not yet grown. The reason why the independent college in China is interested is that it receives support from the facilities and professors of the original public college, and the major in which it is established and shares the reputation of the university. This study tried to analyze the policy of independent college which is a unique higher education institution in China. For this purpose, we use Four-Dimensional Framework to analyze the problem of China's independent colleges. It examines the profitability and non-profitability of independent college as a normative dimension and analyzes the Chinese society that have the old "guanxi" culture core in China. On the structural dimension, we analyzed the structure of the relationship in educational administrative institution. On the constituentive dimension, we observed that the various stakeholders who are interested in the independent college policy. Finally, we searched for future directions of the independent college centered on the process of legalization of independent colleges in technical dimension. The results of this analysis suggest the implications of the direction of China's independent college policy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.267-277
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the burden of caring for the care-givers of the elderly in Korea by using an integrated literature review method. A total of 23 studies were analyzed using a search database. When care-givers had higher sense of filial and guilt or more than two diseases, they showed high level of feeling of burden. Also, they had high level of feeling of physical burden by their oldness, service period (especially at the period of 1-3 years). In the feeling of economic burden, they had high level of feeling of burden by their oldness, or elderly's disease periods. The feeling of burden by psychological condition was found in elderly in aged and the beginning of admission of nursing home. The feeling of burden by environment situation was found when the functional status of the elderly was bad. Therefore, we need to concern care-givers's feeling of burden with elderly people in the nursing home. In the future, I believe that the findings of this study will be helpful for development of the intervention program for alleviate burden for the care-giver.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2021

The structure of universities needs to be adjusted and reformed to cope with the decrease in admission resources and the quality of education due to the low birth rate and aging population. Such a policy is receiving much attention. To analyze the relative efficiency of private universities in Korea from the perspective of resource and performance, this study evaluated the efficiency of private university operation by applying a DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) technique. The DEA measurements were compared with the diagnosis results of the department of education (Government) in 2018. The input and output variables used in the research analysis were utilized by the university's notification materials (public disclosure information). An analysis of the operational efficiency showed that 48% (12 universities) of the 25 DMUs (Decision Making Unit) were efficient for DEA-BCC models and that some of the capacity-building universities were operating efficiently. In addition, the DEA analysis found ways to improve inefficient groups through DEA-Additive results. This paper can be meaningful because it confirmed the relative efficiency of private universities and suggested improvement directions through the DEA method, which is characterized by the simultaneous consideration of various input and output factors. This will help apply the limited resources related to the input and output elements of each university.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.558-569
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• 2022

For a systematic analysis of the characteristics according to the counseling type, this study was about what type of counseling is the largest number of cases that three researchers participated. The main types of counseling for paid/leaved students were identified, and the characteristics of counseling types by admission type were analyzed. A total of 185 counseling cases conducted in 2018 and 2019 were analyzed by technical statistics and analysis by seven types of counseling(emotional and personality, academic motivation, learning method/strategy, family relationship, career and major choice, self-growth motivation) and analyzed to confirm the counseling needs for each student characteristic(entrance type, grade, gender, and academic changes(paid, leave of absence experience)) according to the characteristics of the students. Through this study, it was confirmed that the number of counseling was the highest in the order of "learning methods and strategies," "emotion and personality," and "self-growth motivation," and in particular, it was confirmed that the counseling rate of freshman and sophomore students was high. Most of the students who experienced paid/leave of absence were counseling on "emotional and personality" and "learning methods/ strategies." Through this study, academic-related programs are required for freshman and sophomore students, and the necessity of improving and establishing a counseling system was confirmed in consideration of the characteristics of each type of student counseling. In addition, this study proposed the necessity of institutional support such as the group mentoring system for students with academic fluctuations.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-73
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of academic resilience, academic burnout and major satisfaction and to identify the influencing factors on major satisfaction of nursing students. Data were collected using questionnaires from 215 students who were in 3rd and 4th year of the nursing college in G city, from May to June 2019. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression with IBM SPSS 25.0 program. The study results showed that university students in nursing scored 3.71±.56 points for academic resilience, 2.96±.52 for academic burnout, 3.78±.54 for major satisfaction. The higher the academic Resilience, the lower the academic burnout and the higher the level of major satisfaction. The factors affection the relationship of academic resilience, academic burnout and major satisfaction are interpersonal relationships and admission motive which resulted in the major satisfaction level of 44.3%. In conclusion, to enhance major satisfaction for nursing students, efficient education program development is required considering the factors that explain the major satisfaction of nursing students. Also It should be considered that required the students' talent and aptitude. So it makes sure that this will require an advanced method of studying to students' capabilities.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.51-59
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the changes in health status of inpatients before and after a fall accident, and it is a retrospective study using data from 328 inpatients who fell from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020, reported to the patient safety reporting system. The average age of the study subjects was 68.57(±14.13), and those in their 70s accounted for the most at 30.49%. Falls occurred on average 13.86(±25.03) days after hospitalization, and the time when the most falls occurred was between 22:30 and 06:59 with 42.99%. Before and after a fall during hospitalization, bowel problems (x²=314.0, p<.001), urination problems (x²=284.0, p<.001), intravenous fluid therapy (x²=85.16, p<.001), and walking (x²=69.77. p<.001), bedridden state (x²=51.60, p< .001), mental state and performance (x²=17.52, p<.001) patient's attitude (x²=220.17, p<.001), there was a statistically significant difference. It is necessary to develop an appropriate method and education program for fall prevention in hospital by considering the individual characteristics of inpatient.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

■ Objectives The purpose of this case report is to show an effect of korean medicine for patient with bilateral abducens nerve palsy. ■ Methods This patient was 58 year-old man who was diagnosed with bilateral abducens nerve palsy. The patient had Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia and dyslipidemia as underlying diseases. The patient had symptoms of limited eye movement to lateral, diplopia, dizziness and mild headache. He was treated by korean medicine, containing electroacupuncture, pharmacoacupuncture, moxibustion and herb medicines during 13 days of hospitalization and following outpatient department. His eye movement was evaluated by the method of Scott and kraft and discomfort from his symptoms was scored by the Numerous Rating Scale. And other general conditions were measured. ■ Results After that period, patient's abduction deficit was improved and subjective discomfort from his symptoms was getting better. His other conditions were also better, compared with his admission. ■ Conclusion This study suggests that Korean medicine could have a therapeutic effect for bilateral abducens nerve palsy. So, It could help to relieve patient's symptoms and make general conditions better.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.859-868
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the value of initial CT quantitative analysis of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, and total lesion volume and its relationship with clinical features for assessing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed from January 23, 2020 to February 19, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: severe group (n = 23) and non-severe group (n = 61). Clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and CT findings on admission were analyzed. CT quantitative parameters, including GGO, consolidation, total lesion score, percentage GGO, and percentage consolidation (both relative to total lesion volume) were calculated. Relationships between the CT findings and laboratory data were estimated. Finally, a discrimination model was established to assess the severity of COVID-19. Results: Patients in the severe group had higher baseline neutrophil percentage, increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and procalcitonin levels, and lower baseline lymphocyte count and lymphocyte percentage (p < 0.001). The severe group also had higher GGO score (p < 0.001), consolidation score (p < 0.001), total lesion score (p < 0.001), and percentage consolidation (p = 0.002), but had a lower percentage GGO (p = 0.008). These CT quantitative parameters were significantly correlated with laboratory inflammatory marker levels, including neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, hs-CRP level, and procalcitonin level (p < 0.05). The total lesion score demonstrated the best performance when the data cut-off was 8.2%. Furthermore, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 93.8% (confidence interval [CI]: 86.8-100%), 91.3% (CI: 69.6-100%), and 91.8% (CI: 23.0-98.4%), respectively. Conclusion: CT quantitative parameters showed strong correlations with laboratory inflammatory markers, suggesting that CT quantitative analysis might be an effective and important method for assessing the severity of COVID-19, and may provide additional guidance for planning clinical treatment strategies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.480-486
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• 2009

Background: The Fogarty thromboembolectomy catheter technique was devised to extract distal arterial emboli and it represents a milestone for the treatment of patients with acute arterial occlusion since the 1960s. The major causes of arterial occlusion have changed from emboli of a heart origin to atherosclerosis over the past 30 years. Accordingly, questions have been raised about the effectiveness of simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy. Material and Method: During the period from March 1990 through August 2008, 156 patients who requiring Fogarty thromboembolectomy were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: those with simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy (Group 1, 79 patients) and those with additional vascular bypass graft surgery (Group 2, 77 patients). The duration of symptoms, the cause of thrombi, admission via the emergency room, a history of acupuncture or misdiagnosis, combined diseases, the anatomic occlusion site and the cause of death were analyzed using T-tests, cross tab tests, Chi square tests and Kaplan-Meier tests, respectively. Result: The mean age was 64$\pm$10 years in the 2 groups. The duration of symptoms (pain) in Group 1 vs Group 2 was 12$\pm$4 days vs 71$\pm$14 days (p=0.001). 50 (63%) patients in Group 1 were admitted via the emergency room vs 18 (23%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.005). Misdiagnosis and the treatment for herniated intervertebral disc or acupuncture were given to, 20 (25%) patients in Group 1 vs 30 (39%) patients in Group 2. Anticoagulation treatment before admission was performed in 22 (28%) patients in Group 1 vs 11 (14%) patients in Group 2. The causes of thrombi were heart disease in, 24 (30%) patients in Group 1 vs 6 (8%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.001), atherosclerosis in 46 (58%) patients in Group 1 vs 67 (87%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.001) and trauma in 9 (11%) patients in Group 1 vs 6 (8%) patients in Group 2. The combined diseases were cerebrovascular accident, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 22 $\sim$ 37% of the total patients. The occlusion sites were mainly in the iliac and femoral arteries. Endarterectomy was performed in 7 (9%) patients in Group 1 vs 18 (23%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.012). Treatment was successful in 27 (34%) patients in Group 1 and in 40 (52%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.019). Reocclusion occurred in 37(47%) patients in Group 1 vs 20 (26%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.000), Amputation was done in 4 (5%) patients in Group 1 vs 12 (16%) patients in Group 2 (p=0.012) and death occurred in 10 (13%) patients (Group 1) vs 3(4%) patients (Group 2) (p=0.044). Conclusion: The recent past has shown a decline in the effectiveness of simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy with a changing pattern of acute arterial occlusion from a rheumatic heart origin to atherosclerosis. Additional bypass procedures play a role for the treatment of arterial occlusion instead of always performing simple Fogarty thromboembolectomy.