• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.239-240
• /
• 1996

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 1979

This study was undertaken to establish the different pharmaceutical properties between promethazine HCl and promethazine pamoate. First, promethazine pamoate was prepared by using the modified method of Saias. Second, in order to study the different pharmacokinetics between promethazine pamoate and promethazine HCl, absorption rate, plasma concentration, and distribution, as well as urinary excretion of the both compounds were examined in rabbits as an experimental animal: The results were as follows. 1. In the in vitro isolated intestine of rabbit, the rate constant for absorption of promethazine pamoate was $0.347hr^{-1}$ and that of promethazine HCl was $0.532hr^{-1}$. 2. After oral administration of promethazine pamoate, the increase of plasma concentration of promethazine was much slower than that of promethazine HCl. 3. The urinary excretion rate of promethazine pamoate was significantly low in comparison to that of promethazine-HCl; i. e. about 50% of promethazine HCl was excreted within 3 hours, and 5 to 15 hours for that of promethazine pamoate. 4. The tissue concentration of promethazine after oral administration of promethazine pamoate in rabbit was steadily increased for 5 hours. However, promethazine HCl concentration reached to maximum 1 hour after administration, then decreased slowly. 5. A significant amount of promethazine was mainly distributed in spleen, kidney, lung, liver and heart in this order, rather than other organs, such as brain, and muscle. 6. In the toxicity test by using mouse, $LD_{50}$ for promethazine pamoate was 3,250 mg/kg, while $LD_{50}$ for promethazien HCl was 298mg/kg.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.820-824
• /
• 2004

The study was to see the effect of administration of ruminal fungi on feed intake, growth rate, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion of calves (Tharparkar$\times$Holstein-Friesian, average age: 10 months, average body weight: 130 kg). The 6 calves in first group were fed a mixture consisted of 50% wheat straw and 50% concentrate (Maize 62%, Groundnut cake 35%, Mineral mix. 2% and Common salt 1%) along with 1 kg green oats $animal^{-1}$ $day^{-1}$ while second group calves were fed the above-mentioned diet in addition to a dose of 160 ml ($10^{6}$ CFU/ml) fungal culture $calf^{-1}$ $week^{-1}$. The average dry matter intake per day was slightly lowered in fungal fed calves yet feed conversion ratio was higher. The average daily weight gain was significantly higher (15.37%) in fungal administered group as compared to control. The nutrient digestibility was increased for crude fibre, NDF and ADF with fungal administration. Digestible energy value of straw-based diet in terms of percent TDN also increased. The pH and $NH_{3}$-N were lower whereas TVFA, total-N, TCA-N and number of zoospores were higher in rumen liquor in fungal administered group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2011

Sixteen steers were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bovine somatotropin (bST) in improving growth and feed:gain ratio during 12 weeks. Administration of the 400 mg bST implant resulted in a 16.1% increase in growth rate, and this increase was significant (p<.05). The use of the sustained-release implant did not alter (p>.05) feed intake and feed:gain ratio. Thirty-four cows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bST in milk production during 4 weeks. Administration of the 200 mg bST implant resulted in an 8.7% increase in milk production, and this increase was significant (p<.05). Twenty-four barrows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of porcine somatotropin (pST) in improving growth, feed:gain ratio and backfat thickness during 6 weeks. Administration of the 120 mg pST implant resulted in a 11.4% increase in feed:gain ratio and a 60% decrease in backfat thickness, and these results were significant (p<.05). But the use of the sustained-release implant did not alter (p>.05) growth rate and feed intake.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 1979

Rifampicin-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitates were prepared by the solvent method to increase the solubility and dissolution rate, thereby improving absorption of rifampicin. It was found that the solubility and dissolution rate were greater with the 1 : 5 (w/w) coprecipitate than with the pure drug, physical mixtures or coprecipitates of any other ratio of the two components. The blood concentration data in non-fasted rats showed that the extent of absorption of rifampicin were significantly enhanced following the oral administration of the 1 : 5 coprecipitate; The area under the serum concentration curve (0-8hr) was 1.3 times greater with the 1 : 5 coprecipitate than with the pure drug. The blood concentration reached its peak (4. 38$\pm$1.36mcg/ml) within two hours in the case of oral administration of the 1 : 5 coprecipitate and, on the other hand, it reached the maximum (3.77$\pm$0.90mcg/ml) after four hours of oral administration of the pure drug. It was observed that there was no significant difference between the 1 : 5 coprecipitate and the pure drug in the extent and rate of absorption of rifampicin when fasted rats were used. When the 1 : 5 coprecipitate was orally administered to human subjects 20 minutes after meal, it was found that the blood concentration reached the maximum after one hour; in the case of the pure drug, it reached its peak after four hours.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.385-390
• /
• 1996

General pharmacological properties of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) following intravenous administration of 1,000,000 units/kg were examined in terms of effects on central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system in mice, rats and rabbits. Administration of UTI (1,000,000 units/kg, iv) had no effect on central nervous system; no influences on pentobarbital sleeping time, spontaneous activity, normal body temperature, chemoshock produced by pentylenetetrazole solution, writhing syndromes induced by 0.6% acetic acid solution, and motor coordination of mice. The administration of UTI (1,000,000) units/kg, iv) in rats had no effect on systolic blood pressure and pulse rate. UTI (500,000 units/kg, iv) given to anesthetized rabbits showed no effect on respiratory rate. However, it showed significant elevation of respiratory rate at the concentration of 1,000,000 units/kg. Gastric secretion of rat and intestinal motility of mice were not influenced by the dose of 1,000,000 units/kg. In terms of autonomic nervous system, the material did not show direct effect and inhibitory or augmentative action of histamine- or acetylcholine-induced contraction at the concentration of 2,000 units/ml in the isolated ileum of guinea pig.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 1989

A survey on the prevalence of internal parasites in the laboratory rats in the Chonnam and Kyunggi areas was carried out. A total of 208 rats was selected for necropsy and the parasites were collected from the organs and the fecal samples. The infection rate of the internal parasites was high as 63.9% and eight species of parasites were identified. Among the species identified A tetraptera(21.6%) and H diminuta(20.7%) appeared with relatively higher infection rates than any other species identified. A significant difference in numbers of parasites was recognized between the regions as 8 species in Chonnam and 4 species in Kyunggi. The laboratory rats reared in stainless steel cage showed the higher infection rate than those in polycarbonate cage, with some exception in H spumosa and H nana. In this survey T crassicauda was firstly in the laboratory rats in Korea.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.173-183
• /
• 2020

The paper investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Vietnam in 2000-2019 period. This study uses difference Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) to analyse panel data officially provided by General Statistical Office of Vietnam. The results show that market size impacts positively significant on FDI attraction: 1% -1.45% (PMG) and 1% -1.25% (GMM). Besides, some other factors have positive influences as labor force, macroeconomic policy, macroeconomic stability and skilled labor. Meantime, the trade openness negatively affects FDI inflows in the short-term, while not being statistically significant in the long-term. Moreover, economic shocks often have a negative impact on FDI inflows. The findings of this study lead to the following recommendations. First, authorities should pay special attention to encourage economic growth rate in Vietnam to expand market size because this is the first priority of foreign investors. Second, authorities need to continue increasing the rate of skilled labor, especially highly qualified management force, engineers and well-skilled workers. Third, the authorities should adjust trade openness to boost the role of its determinant in attracting FDI inflows. Fourth, macroeconomic stability needs to be governed by international standards in order to secure the belief of foreign investors in the long-term.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.308-312
• /
• 1997

Incidence of retained placenta in dairy cows was investigated in 120 parturitions. Prior to calving, cows were allotted into four groups; 1) control, 2) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU), 3) the injection of selenium (40 mg), and 4) the infection of Vitamin E (500 IU) and selenium (40 mg). Selenium (Se) and Vitamin E were injected intramusculary 20 d prior to the estimated calving date. No effects of Se or Vitamin E administration alone was observed for number of service per conception, conception rate, and estrus rate (p > 0.05). But the Vitamin E administration with Se significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence of retained placenta and the days required for calving the first service. Incidence of retained placenta was not significantly (p > 0.05) influenced by parity, but it was significantly (p < 0.01) influenced by season, especially, increased during July and August. Concentration of Se in plasma was not significantly (p > 0.05) changed during peripartum period whether the treatment. The results of this study on retained placenta suggest that this disorder will be reduced by the administration of Se and Vitamin E prior to calving in dairy cows.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.161-164
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the weight of crown part effect on growth and bolting response of Ostericum koreanum Kitagawa. Bolting rate with crown part weight was represented 0%, 0%, 4.1%, 12.9%, 25.1%, 34.9% corresponding to each crown part weight 5 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, 40 g, 50 g. The heavier the crown part weight was the higher the direction rate rose and the flowering time came earlier. The dried root amount was the highest at 30 g and crown part number, the length of root, and crown diameter showed all the highest figures at 30 g. The relation between amount per 10 g and outcrop weight increased on secondary regression formula as weight increased and reached its peak at 29.7 g and then decreased over 29.7 g.