• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.377-390
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this paper was to draw implications for community economic development policies of Korean local governments by investigating the community economic development policies of the USA local governments. Those policies can be segmented to first wave(1950s-1970s), second wave(1980s), and third wave(1990s) of development policy. First two policies entailed some expense to community residents by providing low tax rates, tax abatement, tax reliefs, industrial revenue bonds, and direct state loans for potential companies. These policies brought ‘clawback’ and ‘drawbacks’ to the local residents. The third wave of community economic development policy includes capital market programs(predominantly government-financed loan programs and government support for predominantly privately financed loan or equity programs), providing information and education for small business in the communities, supporting small business by providing high technology and research, and export assistance-providing information/training opportunity how to export, sending trade missions, and export financing. Local government authorities in Korea should learn the community economic development policies administrated by the USA local governments so that they can avoid the potential try-and-errors in establishing, planning, and administrating their economic development policies.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.1576-1580
• /
• 2007

Aralia cordata Thunb. (Araliaceae, ACT) is an remarkable herbal plant that has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we have established a vascular aging model in rats by orally administrating excessive vitamin $D_2$ (500,000 IU/kg/day) for 4 days followed by feeding high cholesterol diet for 16 weeks and then rats were randomly divided into control group, high cholesterol diet (HCD) group, HCD+ACT (30 mg/kg) and HCD+ACT (60 mg/kg) group. ACT (30, 60) significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) content compared with HCD, but no significant differences in the serum lipids. Secondly, we measured the serum levels of Oxidized Low-dencity Lipoprotein (OxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in order to further investigate the anti-vascular aging mechanism of ACT. The results, ACT (30, 60) treatments decreased OxLDL, MDA　content　and increased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity compared with HCD treatments. The results suggested that ACT inhibited OxLDL production rather than serum lipids lowering and that ACT could be used as potential anti-atherosclerotic agent in aged cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.611-618
• /
• 2023

Rhizome of Alisma orientale has been used as a traditional medicine for treating kidney diseases in East Asian countries. Its inhibitory effects on hypersensitivity responses have been reported for methanol extracts, with alisol B 23-acetate (AB23Ac) being the most active constituent among six terpenes in inhibiting the direct passive Arthus reaction. However, whether AB23Ac has efficacy against allergic asthma has not been tested to date. The in vivo efficacy of AB23Ac in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mouse model was evaluated by administrating AB23Ac before OVA sensitization or OVA challenge in BALB/c mice. AB23Ac suppressed antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The administration of AB23Ac both before OVA sensitization and OVA challenge greatly lowered pulmonary resistance and the increase in immune cell counts and inflammatory responses around the peribronchial and perivascular regions. In addition, the inflammatory cytokine levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased in the AB23Ac-treated groups. AB23Ac reduced the number of PAS-stained cells in the lungs. Furthermore, a computer modeling study indicated that AB23Ac can bind tightly to spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). These results suggest that AB23Ac may ameliorate allergic asthma by suppressing immune responses in dendritic cells during sensitization and in mast cells during challenge periods.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.183-191
• /
• 1998

It has been reported that 50~70% of child asthma, bronchial asthma in adult, and allergic rhinitis are caused by house dust mite. The antigen extracted from house dust mite has been used for effective treatment against allergic diseases and for clinical test. This house dust mite antigen has been entirely imported from abroad. However, the composition and content of all the antigen imported vary from a brand to other brand. Thus, we need to standardize the composition and content of the antigen by developing it domestically. We proceeded pre-clinically general pharmacological test and toxicological test that are required for the eventual human use by utilizing the house dust mite cultured in Korea. In order to obtain information on general pharmacological tests such as its toxic signs in tissues or organs which are mainly affected, we examined the effect of house dust mite on the tensions of the isolated tissues and heart rates of cardiac muscle by recording with force displacement transducer of polygragh (Glass Model 7). We determined lethality of antigen extracted from house dust mite in mice and guinea pigs. We examined acute and subacute toxicity by administrating house dust mite extract of 500, 100, 20 times of the expected clinical dose. In male and female mice and guinea pigs, given a sigle intraperitoneal dose of antigen, $LD_{50}$ values were over 5.0 $\textrm{m}{\ell}$/kg, respectively. In animals administrated with house dust mite, there were no significant change of clinical symptom, body weight, food consumption, water consumption, eye examinations, urinalysis, blood biochemistry, and histopathological examinations in any animals tested. We found no toxic effect of this house dust mite. These results show that the house dust mite cultured by us could be used in the development of medicine against allergic diseases caused by the antigen of house dust mite.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.91-102
• /
• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out effects of Hyeongbangpaedok-san(HBPDS) and Dokhwaljihwang(DHJH) against decline of physical function as aging. 2. Methods Administrating HBPDS and DHJH to 40-week-old Wistar rat for 10 weeks so, I researched weight change, weight change of internal organs, and hematological and serological changes. 3. Results & Conclusions 1. Both examining groups, which were taken HBPDS and DHJH, got more weight than control group. But that was regardless. 2. Both examining groups got more weight on internal organs than control group. But that was regardless, too. 3. Both examining groups decreased in amount of MDA in serum, as contrasted with control group. But it was regardless. 4. Both examining groups improved on hematological condition. WBC, RBC, Hgb, monocytes and eosinophil rates were decreasing and HCT and PLT were increasing. Especially monocytes(p<0.001) and eosinophil(p<0.05) rate of DHJH taken group was decreased remarkably. 5-1. Both examining groups show decline in each item of functional examination of liver, such as ALT, AST, T-bilirubin, T-protein, ALB, A/G. T-chol, TG, etc. HBPDS taken group showed meaningful decline in Albumin(p<0.01) and A/G(p<0.01) and DHJH taken group showed meaningful decline in T-bilirubin(p<0.01). 5-2. Both examining groups showed decline in items of functional examination of kidneys. Specially HBPDS taken group showed meaningful decline in CRN rate(p<0.05) and DHJH taken group showed meaningful decline in BUN rate(p<0.05). As those results, HBPDS and DHJH are effective against decline of physical function as aging.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.21-41
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study purposed to provide implications in regards to the Moon Jae-in Administration that launched in May 2017. Three sectors of childcare polices on administration of childcare centers were reviewed in terms of supporting the healthy development of young children. Methods: Medium and long-term childcare plans and the main policies of previous administrations since 2004 when the Childcare Act was completely reformed, as well as the 'Five-year policy for the Moon Jae-in administration of state affairs' that was announced on July, 2017, were reviewed in terms of publicness of childcare, regulations on operation of childcare services, and customized childcare programs for diverse needs. Results: It was proposed that the concept of publicness of childcare should be conservative when focusing on public childcare centers. The regulations on operating childcare services should focus on improving structural dimensions of childcare quality to keep the well-being of children a top priority. Furthermore, diverse programs should be designed and implemented to satisfy changes in childcare surroundings and the various needs of children and their families. Conclusion/Implications: The Moon Jae-in administration is expected to outline childcare policies and carry out tasks under the new paradigm. The healthy development of young children should be embodied as the final goal that forms the vision of childcare policies based on publicness, rationality, and diversity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2012

Different studies have been conducted regarding caffeine as psychostimulant drugs and its effects as well as determination in various materials. Since, coffee and tea are most drinkable beverage in the world and their major constituent is caffeine. So, analysis of the effect of equal amount of caffeine in coffee and tea with respect to SD rats was studied. The present methodology was purposed to determine and validate caffeine amount in different brands of coffee and tea, and canvass locomotor and behavioral patterns of SD rats after administrating coffee and tea orally consisting of same amount of caffeine (10, 30 mg/kg). Determination of caffeine in different brands of coffee and tea and validation of caffeine were evaluated using HPLC. Depending upon different brands of tea and coffee, caffeine amount was altered. Meanwhile, amount of caffeine in tea was directly proportional to the temperature of liquid. Coffee and tea (Instant Maxim original coffee$^{(R)}$ and earl grey black tea$^{(R)}$) consisting 10, 30 mg/kg of caffeine were studied in SD rats for locomotor activity and behavioral patterns using Tru Scan 99. The locomotor activities of SD rats were increased after administration of coffee and tea consisting caffeine compared to water. The coffee consisted of higher amount of caffeine exhibited steep movement of SD rats. Similarly, rearing and scratching of SD rats as frequency and duration were increased in coffee and tea consisting caffeine compared with water. The study revealed that coffee and tea had effects in locomotor activity and behavioral patterns of SD rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.202-211
• /
• 2002

1. Background The previous studies on anticancer medicine derived from korean traditional medicine have focused on the life elongation of cancer cell bearing animals. However, it is thought that more molecular biological studies are needed to reveal their mechanism. 2. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular biological function of Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber on cytostaticity, apoptosis and apoptosis related genes revelation against human stomach cancer cells(AGS). 3. Methods After administrating Sagunjatang and Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber to human stomach cancer cell. MTT assay was performed to compare and examine the efficacy of each medicine on the cytostaticity of stomach cancer cells in proportion to time and doses, and apoptosis assay was performed to examine their effect on apoptosis by using DAPI dye and counting the number of cells which developed in an apoptotic body. In addition, the quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine their effect on the revelation of Bcl-2, Bax and P53, which are genes related to apoptosis. 4. Result and Conclusion Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber demonstrated increased cytostaticity. decreased apoptosis and unremarkable revelation of apoptosis related genes. But in the cytostaticity and apoptosis, Sagunjatang plus Cremastrae Appenediculatae Tuber showed a tendency to control stomach cancer cells. Therefore, we can expect the clinical application to the related diseases. Besides, it needs another experiment on various cancer cells, such as, lung cancer cell and hysterocarcinoma cell.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.1163-1168
• /
• 2004

In order to establish the experimental clinical model for evaluating the influences on the sexual hormones of SD-rat administrated with Methoxychlor(MET), it was dissolved in acetone and olive oil (1:19), which was administrated orally at doses of 200㎎/㎏ body weight/day for 7 days. The Testosterone value was measured in sera by Gamma Count with 1251 isotype, also weights of the body, testis and liver were measured for 15 weeks. Testosterone in the serum of intacted SD-rats was 0.51±0.43ng/㎖(n=5), but it was 0.69±0.18(n=2)ng/㎖l on 1 week. 0.28±0.05ng/㎖(n=2) on 3 week, 1.52±0.95ng/㎖(n=3) on 5 week, and 0.54±1.95 ng/㎖(n=3) 15 week post-dosing MET, respectively. Histologically, the numbers of spermatozoa and Leydig cells were reduced, which might influence to reduce sexual hormone, and AST and ALT was not increased in the serum due to administrating with MET, blood profile was not changed according to the administration of MET excepting MCH(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin). This study suggest that change of male sexual hormone by MET be a experimental model for evaluating some drugs associate with sex hormone.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Sokmyeung-tang(SMT) has been used for treatment of CVA in traditional oriental medicine, so this study was designed to evaluate the effect of SMT's protection on brain cell damage against the oxidative stress that was affected by CVA, We also investigated the effect of motor function improvement and neurotrophic factor in ischemic cerebral damaged rats. Methods : We measured cell viability after administrating SMT, chemicals(Paraquat, SNP, rotenone, and $H_2O_2$) which cause oxidative stress, and both SMT and chemicals. We carried out neurobehavioral evaluation(Rotarod test, Beam-walking test, postural reflex test) and observed BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) expression by injecting SMT into ischemic cerebral damaged rat. Results : Through this study, we observed the following three results. First, brain cell death caused by paraquat, rotenone, and $H_2O_2$ significantly decreased with the treatment of SMT. Second, neuronal movement function in ischemic cerebral damaged rats was significantly improved by the treatment of SMT. Third, BDNF in ischemic cerebral damaged rats increased with the treatment of SMT. Conclusions : SMT protects brain cells from damage induced by oxidative stress (Paraquat, rotenone, $H_2O_2$). SMT also improves neuronal movement function and increases BDNF in ischemic cerebral damaged rats.