• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 2008

Salivary duct carcinoma is a high-grade adenocarcinoma arising from the ductal epithelium and has very low prevalence. We report a case of salivary duct carcinoma in high risk group with satisfactory result. A 65-year-old male was referred to our clinic complaining of mass on Rt. cheek. Preoperative CT and MRI shows $2.0{\times}1.9cm$ sized multilobulated, cystic mass on the superficial lobe of Rt. parotid gland and multiple lymph node enlargement thorough the Rt. internal jugular chain. Total parotidectomy and modified radical neck dissection with adjuvant radiation therapy was performed. Pathologic result was salivary duct carcinoma and resection margin was free. Postoperative radiation therapy with 6400 cGy($200cGy{\times}12fx$) was performed. During the 24-months of follow up periods, recurrence or complications associated with operation and radiation therapy was not observed. Salivary duct carcinoma is rare disease with very poor prognosis. Lymph node metastasis is commonly accompanied at the time of diagnosis. Distant metastasis is the most common cause of death. Total parotidectomy, radical neck disssection and adjuvant radiation therapy can be the appropriate modality for the control of the salivary duct carcinoma especially in high risk group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.40-42
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• 2014

A correlation between radiation therapy and cavernoma has been suspected since 1994. Since then, only a few cases of radio-induced cavernomas have been reported in the literature (85 patients). Most of them were children, and the most frequent original tumour had been medulloblastoma. The authors report a case of two cystic cavernous angiomas after radiation therapy for atypical meningioma in adult woman. This is the first case of cavernous angioma after radiotherapy for low grade meningioma. A 39-year-old, Latin american woman was operated on for a frontal atypical meningioma with intradiploic component and adjuvant radiotherapy was delivered (6000 cGy local brain irradiation, fractionated over 6 weeks). Follow-up MR imaging showed no recurrences of the tumour and no other lesions. Ten years later, at the age of 49, she consulted for progressive drug-resistant headache. MR imaging revealed two new well defined areas of different signal intensity at the surface of each frontal pole. Both lesions were surgically removed; the histopathological diagnosis was cavernous angioma. This is the first case of cavernous angioma after radiation therapy for atypical meningioma : it confirms the development of these lesions after standard radiation therapy also in patients previously affected by non-malignant tumours.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2013

Purpose: To analyze the outcome of adjuvant postoperative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC). Materials and Methods: We identified 84 patients treated with EBRT for WDTC from February 1981 to December 2010. Among them, we analyzed 39 patients who received EBRT after initial radical surgery. Twenty-four females and 15 males were included. The median age was 49 years (range, 16 to 72 years). There were 34 papillary thyroid carcinomas and 5 follicular thyroid carcinomas. Most patients showed pathologic T3/T4 stage (54%/26%). Ten patients (25.6%) had gross residual tumors. Five patients (12.8%) had tumor cells at the margin. The median EBRT dose and fraction size were 62.6 Gy and 1.8 to 2.0 Gy, respectively. Results: The median follow-up was 73 months (range, 21 to 372 months). The five-year overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS) were 97.4% and 86.9%, respectively. Locoregional failures occurred in 5 and all failure sites were the neck node area. In univariate analysis, OS was significantly influenced by invasion of the trachea (p = 0.016) or esophagus (p = 0.006). LRFS was significantly decreased by male (p = 0.020), gross residuum after resection (p = 0.002), close or positive tumor at surgical margin involvement (p = 0.044), and tracheal invasion (p = 0.040). No significant prognostic factor was identified in the multivariate analysis. No patient experienced the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 3 or more toxicity. Conclusion: Our locoregional control rate of 87.2% is comparable to historical controls with surgery alone, even though our study had a large proportion of advanced stage. Adjuvant EBRT may an effective and safe treatment option in patients with WDTC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 1998

목적 : 국소 제어율과 생존율, 여러 예후인자 및 국소실패의 원인을 분석하므로 식도암의 수술 후 방사선 치료에 기본 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1988년 1월부터 1995년 12월까지 본원에서 수술을 시행 후 40Gy 이상의 방사선 치료를 받은 국소적으로 진행된 식도암 환자 82명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 수술 후 병기는 II가 26례, IIB가 4례, III가 52례 였으며 수술후 병리학 소견으로 편평상피암 77례, Adenosquamous 3례, 선암 2례였다. 수술 후 외부 방사선 치료로 41Gy에서 64.8Gy(중간값 50.4Gy)를 조사하였다. 5례에서 PFC 항암화학요법을 시행하였다. 결과 : 총 환자의 2년 생존율 및 2년 국소제어율은 각각 36.8$\%$ 및 30.4$\%$이며 5년 생존율 및 5년 국소제어율은 각각 9.3$\%$ 및 26.3$\%$이다. 수술 후 병기에 따른 2년 생존율은 IIA가 50.2$\%$, IIB가 0$\%$, III가 23.3$\%$이었다(p=0.004). 2년 국소제어율은 IIA가 49.2$\%$, IIB가 66.6$\%$, III가 24.7$\%$(p=0.01) 이었다. 추적기간중 전체환자의 73.2$\%$인 60례에서 재발이 관찰되었다. 이중 원발병소인 식도에서 재발이 3례, 주위임파절 재발이 23례, 원발병소와 임파절에 함께 재발된 경우가 4례, 원발 병소재발 및 원격전이 재발이 1례, 주위임파절과 원격전이 재발이 9례, 원격전이 재발이 17례였다. 3례에서 재발 부위를 알수 없었다. 생존율에 관련된 예후인자로 흡연유무(p=0.02), 1 병기(p=0.0092), N병기(p=0.0045)가 통계적으로 의미있었다. 국소제어율에 관련된 예후인자로 T 병기(p=0.019), N 병기(p=0.047)가 통계학적으로 의미있었다. 결론 : 수술 후 방사선치료를 시행하여도 국소실패가 여전히 중요 실패 원인이었다. 국소 실패의 원인 중 식도 주위 임파절에 의한 실패가 원발 병소 실패보다 휠씬 높았다. 따라서 수술후 방사선치료에서 림프절에 대한 적절하고 적극적인 치료 전략이 필요하겠다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4759-4763
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• 2014

Radiation therapy in ovarian cancers has been considered an outdated concept for many years, mainly due to its toxicity and failure to show benefit in terms of survival. Chemotherapy has been extensively used after surgery for these cancers and it has almost replaced radiation therapy as an adjuvant treatment. Nevertheless, failures in ovarian cancers continue to occur even with the use of newer and effective chemotherapy regimens. About 70% patients demonstrate recurrence in the abdomen or pelvis after first line chemotherapy in ovarian cancers. With advances in technology and sophistication of radiation techniques, along with the molecular and biological knowledge of distinct histological subtypes, there is a need to redefine the role of radiation therapy. This review article focuses on the literature on use of radiation in ovarian cancers and its rationale and indications in the present day. For this, a literature pub med/medline search was performed from January 1975 to March 2014 to redefine the role of radiotherapy in ovarian cancers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine the necessity of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) and which regions would be at risk for recurrence, we evaluated local and regional recurrence in breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive nodes and a tumor size of <5 cm. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 133 female breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive nodes, and a tumor size of <5 cm who were treated with mastectomy followed by adjuvant systemic therapy between 2007 and 2016. The median follow-up period was 57 months (range, 12 to 115 months). Most patients (82.7%) were treated with axillary lymph node dissection. Adjuvant chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and trastuzumab therapy were administered to 124 patients (93.2%), 112 (84.2%), and 33 (24.8%), respectively. The most common chemotherapy regimen was anthracycline and cyclophosphamide followed by taxane (71.4%). Results: Three patients (2.3%), 8 (6.0%), and 12 (9.0%) experienced local, regional, and distant failures, respectively. The 5-year cumulative risk of local recurrence, regional recurrence, distant metastasis, and disease-free survival was 3.1%, 8.0%, 11.7%, and 83.4%, respectively. There were no statistically significant clinicopathologic factors associated with local recurrence. Lymphovascular invasion (univariate p = 0.015 and multivariate p = 0.054) was associated with an increased risk of regional recurrence. Conclusion: Our study showed a very low local recurrence in patients with 1-3 positive nodes and tumor size of <5 cm who were treated with mastectomy and modern adjuvant systemic treatment. The PMRT volume need to be tailored for each patient's given risk for local and regional recurrence, and possible radiation-related toxicities.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1994

Purpose: Despite apparently complete resection of cancer of the rectum, local recurrence rate was high. Radiation therapy has been used either alone or in combination with chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors, survival rate and local recurrence rate of the rectal cancer who had received postoperative radiation therapy by retrospective analysis. Method: From 1982 to 1990, 63 patients with cancer of the rectum surgically staged as B2 or C disease received postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy after curative resection of tumor for cure. Postoperative radiation therapy was given to the whole pelvis(mean dose: 5040 cGy in 5-6weets) and perineum was included in irradiated field in case of abdominoperineal resection. Results: Three-year actuarial survival rate was 73.2$ \% $ overall, 87.7$ \% $ in stage B2+3 and 62.9$ \% $ in stage C2+3. Three-year disease-free survival rate was 69.5$ \% $ overall, 87.7$ \% $ in stage B2+3 and 56.8$ \% $ in stage C2+3, Three-year disease-free survival rate in anterior resection was 77.8$ \% $ and 44.4$ \% $ in abdominoperineal resection. The local recurrence rate was 15.9$ \% $ and distant failure rate was 20.6$ \% $. Severe late complication was small bowel obstruction in 6 patients and surgery was required in 4 patients(6.3$ \% $). The prognostic factors were stage(p=0.0221) and method of surgery(p= 0.0414) (anterior resection vs abdominoperineal resection). Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the use of postoperative radiation therapy for reducing the local recurrence rate in patients who have had curative resection of rectal cancer with involvement of perirectal fat or regional nodes or both(stage B2 and C).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in prostate cancer patients who underwent adjuvant or salvage postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) Materials and Methods: A total of 168 patients with prostate cancer received PORT after RP, with a follow-up of ≥12 months. Biochemical failure after PORT was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.2 ng/mL after PORT or initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for increasing PSA levels regardless of the value. We analyzed the clinical outcomes including survivals, failure patterns, and prognostic factors affecting the outcomes. Results: In total, 120 patients (71.4%) received salvage PORT after PSA levels were >0.2 ng/mL or owing to clinical failure. The 5-year biochemical failure-free survival (BCFFS), clinical failure-free survival (CFFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival, and cause-specific survival rates were 78.3%, 94.3%, 95.0%, 95.8%, and 97.3%, respectively, during a follow-up range of 12-157 months (median: 64 months) after PORT. On multivariate analysis, PSA level of ≤1.0 ng/mL at the time of receiving PORT predicted favorable BCFFS, CFFS, and DMFS. LVI predicted worse CFFS (p = 0.004) and DMFS (p = 0.015). Concurrent and/or adjuvant ADT resulted in favorable prognosis for BCFFS (p < 0.001) and CFFS (p = 0.017). Conclusion: For patients with adverse pathologic findings, PORT should be initiated as early as possible after continence recovery after RP. Even after administering PORT, LVI was an unfavorable predictive factor, and further intensive adjuvant therapy should be considered for these patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

배경 : 직장암에서 근치적 절제술을 시행한 후에 병리소견상 장막을 침범하였거나 임파절 전이가 있는 경우에 수술 후 방사선 치료와 항암화학요법을 시행하는 것이 국소재발을 억제하고 생존율을 높일 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 연세암센타에서도 수술 후 국소 진행성 병변이거나 임파절 전이가 있는 경우에 5-FU와 Leucovorin을 방사선 치료와 같이 사용하여 왔으며, 그 치료 결과를 방사선 치료 단독군과 비교 고찰하여 방사선치료와 항암화학요법 병용치료의 효과를 평가해 보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 10월부터 1994년 5월까지 연세암센타에 내원하여 방사선치료를 받았던 142 명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였고, 방사선 단독치료군은 69명, 방사선 항암화학요법 병용치료군은 73명이었다. 대상환자를 살펴보면 병기는 방사선 단독치료군과 병용치료군에서 B2가 24예($35.3\%$)와 24예($32.9\%$), B3가 2예($2.9\%$)와 3예($4.1\%$), Cl이 1예($1.5\%$)와 4예($5.5\%$), C2가 33예($48.5\%$)와 36예($49.3\%$), C3가 8예($11.8\%$)와 6예($8.2\%$)로 방사선 단독치료군과 항암제 방사선 병용치료군의 Modified Astler-Coller 병기는 대등한 분포를 보였다. 수술 후 치료로 방사선 단독치료군은 골반강에 4500cGy를 조사후 원발부위에 540-1600cGy의 축소조사를 시행하여 총 4500-6040cGy를 조사하였고(중앙값 5400cGy), 병용치료군은 수술 후 1-2개월에 5-FU을 단독으로(평균 494.8$mg/m^2$, 13예) 또는 5-FU와 Leucovorin을 함께(5-FU 393.9$mg/m^2$, Leucovorin 20$mg/m^2$, 60예) 5일씩 4주 간격으로 2차례 시행한 후, 9주째에 방사선 치료를 시작하고 방사선치료 첫 주와 5주의 방사선치료시작일에 각각 3일간 3차, 4차 항암제를 같은 양으로 병합시행하근 그 후 4주간격으로 시행하여 총3-12차례에 걸쳐 항암화학요법을 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 골반강에 4500cGy를 조사 후 축소조사하여 총 4500-5040cGy를 조사하였다(중앙값 5040cGy). 추적관찰기간은 3-81개월로 중앙값이 38개월이었다. 결과 : 5년 생존율은 방사선 단독치료군과 병용치료군에서 각각 $60.1\%,\;66.3\%$로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았고(p=0.39), 5년 무병생존율도 각각 $54.2\%,\;65.5\%$로 병용치료군에서 약간 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 못했다(p=0.18). 원격전이없는 생존율도 $55.2\%$와 $68.6\%$로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.12). 그러나 5년 국소제어생존율은 단독치료군 $50.3\%$, 병용치료군 $65.8\%$로 병용치료군에서 높은것으로 나타났다(p=0.04). 결론 : 수술 후 국소재발억제와 원격전이를 줄여 무병생존율과 생존율을 높이기 위해 시행한 항암제 방사선 병용치료는 수술후 방사선치료 단독시행한 치료군보다 국소제어율을 높여주는 것을 알 수 있었으나($50.3\%\;vs.\;65.8\%,\;p=0.04$), 원격전이에는 영향을 주지 못하여 무병생존율이나 생존율에 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1988

대장선암의 근본적인 치료는 외과적 절제술로 알려져 있으나 이 경우 직장선암과 마찬가지로 수술 후 국소재발이 문제시되어 왔다. 직장선암의 경우 수술 후 국소재발의 위험성이 볼은 판자에 수술후 방사선치료를 병용함으로써 국소제어율 및 나아가서 생존율까지도 상당히 개선된다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 대장선암의 경우 국소제어율 및 생존율의 개선이 보고되고 있기는 하나 아직 널리 알려져 있지는 못하다. 이에 저자는 1970년 3월부터 1984년 12월까지 대장선암으로 진단받고 일차적으로 근치적 수술을 시행한 후 연세대학교 의과대학 치료방사선과에 내원한 21명의 환자를 후향성 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 21명의 환자 중 수술후 방사선 치료를 병용하여 계획대로 무사히 마친 환자는 11명이었다. 2. 수술후 방사선 치료를 병용한 환자들의 전체적 인 국소실패율은 $9\%(1/11)$이었고 병기별로는 B2+B3가(0/4), Cl+C2+C3가 $14\%(1/7)$였고 C1이 0(0/2) B2+C2가 $17\%(1/6)$, B3+C3가 0(0/3)였다. 3. 수술후 방사선 치료를 병용한 환자들의 5년 생존율은 $55\%$였다.