• Wind and Structures
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.381-388
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• 2019

This paper described the application of Geospatial Analysis in determining mean wind speed, $V_h$ for wind load calculation imposed to electrical transmission tower structural design. The basic wind speed data on available station obtained from Malaysian Meteorology Department is adjusted by considering terrain and ground roughness factor. The correlation between basic wind speed, terrain factor and ground roughness stated in EN-50341-1 is used to obtain the $V_h$ for overhead transmission line elements 50 m above ground. Terrain factor, $k_r$ and ground roughness, $z_0$ in this study are presented by land use types of study area. Wind load is then calculated by using equation stated in design code EN-50341-1 by using the adjusted mean wind speed. Scatter plots of $V_h$ for different $k_r$and $z_0$ are presented in this paper to see the effect of these parameters to the value of $V_h$. Geospatial analysis is used to represent the model of $V_h$. This model can be used to determine possible area that will subject to wind load which severe to the stability of transmission tower and transmission line.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.185-196
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• 2021

Objectives: Many symptoms of cold and heat patterns are related to the thermoregulation of the body. Thus, we aimed to study the association of cold and heat patterns with anthropometry/body composition. Methods: The cold and heat patterns of 2000 individuals aged 30-55 years were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among the anthropometric and body composition variables, body mass index (-0.37, 0.39) and fat mass index (-0.35, 0.38) had the highest correlation coefficients with the cold and heat pattern scores after adjustment for age and sex in the cold-heat group, while the correlation coefficients were relatively lower in the non-cold-heat group. In the cold-heat group, the most parsimonious model for the cold pattern with the variables selected by the best subset method and Lasso included sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and extracellular water/total body water (adjusted R² = 0.324), and the model for heat pattern additionally included age (adjusted R² = 0.292). Conclusions: The variables related to obesity and water balance were the most useful for predicting cold and heat patterns. Further studies are required to improve the performance of prediction models.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how the rainfall field effect on a runoff simulation using grid radar rainfall data and ground gauge rainfall. The Gwangdeoksan radar and ground-gauge rainfall data were used to estimate a spatial rainfall field, and a hydrologic model was used to evaluate whether the rainfall fields created by each method reproduced a realistically valid spatial and temporal distribution. Pilot basin in this paper was the Naerin stream located in Inje-gun, Gangwondo, 250m grid scale digital elevation data, land cover maps, and soil maps were used to estimate geological parameters for the hydrologic model. For the rainfall input data, quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE), adjusted radar rainfall, and gauge rainfall was used, and then compared with the observed runoff by inputting it into a $Vflo^{TM}$ model. As a result of the simulation, the quantitative precipitation estimation and the ground rainfall were underestimated when compared to the observed runoff, while the adjusted radar rainfall showed a similar runoff simulation with the actual observed runoff. From these results, we suggested that when weather radars and ground rainfall data are combined, they have a greater hydrological usability as input data for a hydrological model than when just radar rainfall or ground rainfall is used separately.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2020

Steel set is a structure that stabilize the NATM tunnel until the installation of shotcrete, and it is combined after the shotcrete is installed to improve stability. In this study, determination approach for the equivalent elastic modulus of shotcrete-lattice girder composite is newly suggested for tunneling simulation. Also, a method was presented to calibrate the equivalent elastic modulus through the comparison of the full 3D model and equivalent model. When the conventional equivalent elastic modulus is used for shotcrete-lattice girder composite, the flexural strength of equivalent model is 130% smaller than that of full 3D model. Equivalent elastic modulus is adjusted considering the error of flexural strength. It is found that the error of flexural strength obtained from adjusted equivalent model using adjusted equivalent elastic modulus is reduced less than 1%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.710-716
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• 2002

A General Pipe Break Prediction Model that incorporates linear and exponential models in its form is developed. The model is capable of fitting pipe break trends that have linear, exponential or in between of linear and exponential trend by using a weighting factor. The weighting factor is adjusted to obtain a best model that minimizes the sum of squared errors of the model. The model essentially plots a best curve (or a line) passing through "cumulative number of pipe breaks" versus "break times since installation of a pipe" data points. Therefore, it prevents over-predicting future number of pipe breaks compared to the conventional exponential model. The optimal replacement time equation is derived by using the Threshold Break Rate equation by Loganathan et al. (2002).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.751-761
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• 2003

We performed the numerical analysis on the airflow characteristics in the two type of cleanroom systems, which are the axial fan type (AFT) and the fan filter unit (FFU). A computational fluid dynamic model was applied to investigate and compare the nonuniformity, the deflection angle and the air ventilation effectiveness of the two designs of cleanrooms when dampers are adjusted and not adjusted. And the flow-resistance models of the various components were used in this simulation. We know that the airflow characteristics of the cleanrooms are largely affected by damper adjusting And we also find out that the FFU system is superior to the AFT system through the comparison of the cleanroom performance indices.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.135-147
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• 2020

A methodology for evaluation of mechanical and thermal effects of localized non-axisymmetric oxidation in zircaloy claddings on LWR fuel reliability is proposed. To this end, the basic capabilities of the FALCON fuel behaviour code are used. Examples of methodology application to adjustment of selected operational limits for modern BWR fuel rods, to capture effects of the excess local oxidation, are presented. Specifically, the limiting rod internal pressure for the onset of cladding lift-off is reduced, depending on initial excess oxidation spot sizes. Also, the power limits for Anticipated Operational Occurrences are adjusted, to preclude fuel melting and cladding failure due to PCMI and PCI-SCC in the affected fuel rods.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2022

In recent years, some studies have identified and quantified factors that can increase or decrease the seismic vulnerability of buildings. These modifier factors, related to the building characteristics and condition, are taken into account in the vulnerability assessment, by means of a numerical estimation resulting from the quantification of these modifiers through vulnerability indexes. However, views have differed on the definition and the quantification of modifiers. In this study, modifier parameters and scores of the Risk-UE Level 1 method are adjusted based on the Algerian seismic code recommendations and the reviews proposed in the literature. The adjusted modifiers and scores are applied to reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Boumerdes city, in order to assess probable seismic damage. Comparison between estimated damage and observed damage caused by the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake is done, with the objective to (i) validate the model involving influence of the modifier parameters on the seismic vulnerability, and (ii) to define the relationship between modifiers and damage. This research may help planners in improving seismic regulations and reducing vulnerability of existing buildings.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 1999

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the twelve-year incidence of hypertension, and to find risk factors for the incidence in adult population in Kangwha County, Korea. Methods: In 1986, 413 males(mean age 37 years) and 434 females(mean age 33 years) were examined in the Kangwha Study, Among 764 non-hypertensive participants, 164 males and 214 females were reexamined in 1998. Blood pressure(BP) was measured with standard mercury sphygmomanometers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the relative risk of risk factors on the incidence of hypertension. Results: During the 12-year period, 68 of 164 males and 53 of 2f4 females developed hypertension. In a multiple logistic model adjusted for age and pulse rate, baseline BP, baseline body mass index(BMI) and BMI change during the follow-up period were significantly related to the incidence of hyperiension. Adjusted relative risk(RR)s of baseline high-normal BP were 3.90(95% CI: 1.81-7.84) in males, and 12.72(95% CI: 3.70-30.73) in females. Compared with lower baseline BMI group, adjusted RRs of middle baseline BMI group were 2.66(95% CI: 1.19-5.70) in males, and 2.33(95% CI: 0.95-5.55) in females. Adjusted RRs of upper baseline BMI group were 3.52(95% CI: 1.53-7.67) in males and 3.63(95% CI: 1.50-8.43) in females. Increase of BMI was positively related to the incidence in males(adjusted RR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.00-6.71) and females(adjusted RR=3.05, 95% CI: 1.29-6.88). Conclusions: The twelve-year incidence of hypertension was 41.5% in males, and 25.8% in females. Baseline BP, baseline BMI, and BMI change were strongly related to the incidence of hypertension.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.317-325
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• 2011

Vehicle model validation for the static vehicle testing has been done by comparison of the simulation results and test results and the parameters of the vehicle model to be used in the simulation have been adjusted to reflect the measured behaviour. The vehicle model fort the simulation should be validated by suitable tests and/or practical experience. The static vehicle test used to validate the vehicle model are the weight measurement, the wheel offloading test, the bogie rotational resistance test and the sway test. Finally, the computer simulation model has been validated and using the validated vehicle model the acceptance of the vehicle safety of the resistance to flange climbing derailment at low speed can be examined.