• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of adjusted out-of-pocket maximum rules in the 'differential co-payment ceiling', which means having a higher burden of co-payment, that expanded to the entire ceiling level in long-stay admission patients in long-term care hospitals(LTCH). Methodology: We used health insurance claim data between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022 received from the National Health Insurance Service. The study populations were inpatients in long-term care hospitals more than 1 days during the study period. We performed the difference in characteristics of the LTCH patient of the differential and general ceiling by the chi-square test. We estimated the change of the population, cost, and co-payments per person under the assumption of restructuring. Finding: Based on adjusted out-of-pocket maximum rules in 2023, it was expected that the number of benefits decreases at the high-income level while increasing at the low-income level. The burden of health expenditure after reimbursement of co-payment ceiling, is expected to increase by 65.1% in the highest medical necessity, whereas the low medical necessity would decreases compared to 2022. Practical Implications: The results demonstrate that the current out-of-pocket maximum rules do not reflect the needs of medical necessity. This study suggested the need to reflect the medical necessity in LTCH on the out-of-pocket maximum rules in the future.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2015

본 논문은 비의도 움직임 검출 및 적응적 움직임 완화 필터를 이용한 동영상 안정화 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 비의도 움직임 검출 단계와 검출된 비의도 움직임을 완화 필터링하는 단계로 구성된다. 움직임 완화 과정에 요구되는 속성들을 활용하기 위하여 누적 전역 움직임 매개변수들로 구성된 집합의 국부 최대값과 국부 최소값을 정의한다. 국부 정보를 사용하여 비의도 움직임 검출에 필요한 제약조건을 정의하며, 제약조건들을 기반으로 하여 알파-조정 평균 필터의 알파 값을 결정하여 재구성된 동영상의 움직임 완화 정도를 제어한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안된 방식의 성능 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 1980

It does not seem necessarily practicable to keep the system always in optimal condition, athough the control system of the follow-up mechanism on the most marine gyro compasses is to be adjusted by the operator through the gain adjustment. Sometimes a sustained oscillation or an incorrect gyro reading occurs to the system. For such a system any systematical research or theoretical basis of the guide for the optimal gain adjustment has not been reported yet. As a basic investigation of the theoretical system analysis to solve the problems concerned, the author attempts in this paper to express the system in a mathematical model deduced from the results of the theoretical approach and the experimental observation of each element contained in the follow-up mechanism of Hokshin D-1 gyro compass, and to constitute an over-all closed loop transfer function. This funciton being reverted to a fourth orderlinear differential equation, the first order simultaneous differential equations are obtained by means of the state-variables. The latter equations are solved by the Runge-Kutta method with digital computer. By comparing the characteristic of the simulated over-all output with that of the experimental result, it is shown that both outputs are nearly consistent with each other. It is also expected that the system representation proposed by this paper is valid and will be a prospective means in a further study on the design and optimal adjustment of the system.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 1993

This study intends to find out the correspondence of the costumes of the terracotta warriors at the tomb of Qin Shi Huang to the dress of nomadic people. The Chinese took the dress of nomadic people into their costumes so that they might practise shooting arrows from horse back in the Age Of Wars. The terracotta warriors at the tomb of Qin Sin Huang provide us with substantial evidence that Qin Dynasty inherited the system of wearing the dress of nomadic people from Zhao. Figures of calvarys wear the jackets of nomadic people, but figures of other warriors wear Han jackets. This means that the aim of taking the dress of nomadic people is to be convenient in practising shooting arrows from horse back. Nomadic people adjusted their jackets to left, because they road on a horse from left for being the tunga only on the left. But calvarys adjusted their jackets to right. In those days, China didn't have a tunga. So there was no necessity for riding from left. And Chinese were accustomed to adjusted their jackets to right. This is the reason why calvarys adjusted their jackets to right, though they wear the dress of nomadic people. Soldiers wear trousers. Some have puttee, some have their leg bounds. All the soldiers tightened their coats or jackets with belts which were inhereted from nomadic people. They wear either shoes or short boots. The figures are classified according to rank, espicially in their hats and armours. General wears a cap adorned with pheasant' feathers, officer wears an unadorned cap, and men are hatless or in turbans. Calvary's headgear looks like a p'ing-chin-tse which was correspondence to the headgear of nomadic people. Soldiers wear armours according to duty, and armours are differentiated by rank. From the state of terracotta warriors, I think that the warriors were made from BC 246 to BC 210 which is equal to the date of making the tomb of Qin Shi Huang. Then the date of making the terracotta warriors was between 60 and 100 years since the king Wu Ling of the state of Zhao took the dress of nomadic people.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2013

최근 공간적으로 지역적 편차가 심한 형태의 강우가 빈번히 발생하고 있으며, 기존 지점관측방식의 지상우량 관측망으로는 강우의 발생 및 이동을 고려한 공간적인 편차를 정확히 관측하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강우의 시 공간적인 분포를 고려할 수 있는 레이더 강우를 도시 소유역에 적용하여 유출을 모의 하고자 하였다. 서울시 구로구 일대를 대상지역으로 선정하였으며, AWS (Automatic Weather Station)를 기준으로 소유역을 분할한 후, 지상 강우를 이용하여 레이더 강우자료를 보정하였다. 보정된 레이더 강우를 토대로 소유역별 면적강우량을 산정하였고, 도시배수시스템을 고려할 수 있는 XP-SWMM 모형을 이용하여 유출모의를 실시하였다. 소유역별로 보정된 레이더 강우자료는 지상강우량의 60~95% 수준을 나타내었다. 물론 강우의 양적인 차이로 인해 전체 유출량에 차이가 존재하였으며, 특히, 첨두유출량의 발생시각이 빨라짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 레이더 강우를 도시유출 모형에 활용한 사례로 도심지의 홍수유출 예측을 위한 기술적 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.862-870
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• 2011

In this paper, we introduce a new topology of Radial Basis Function-based Polynomial Neural Networks (RPNN) that is based on a genetically optimized multi-layer perceptron with Radial Polynomial Neurons (RPNs). This study offers a comprehensive design methodology involving mechanisms of optimization algorithms, especially Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms. In contrast to the typical architectures encountered in Polynomial Neural Networks (PNNs), our main objective is to develop a design strategy of RPNNs as follows : (a) The architecture of the proposed network consists of Radial Polynomial Neurons (RPNs). In here, the RPN is fully reflective of the structure encountered in numeric data which are granulated with the aid of Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method. The RPN dwells on the concepts of a collection of radial basis function and the function-based nonlinear (polynomial) processing. (b) The PSO-based design procedure being applied at each layer of RPNN leads to the selection of preferred nodes of the network (RPNs) whose local characteristics (such as the number of input variables, a collection of the specific subset of input variables, the order of the polynomial, and the number of clusters as well as a fuzzification coefficient in the FCM clustering) can be easily adjusted. The performance of the RPNN is quantified through the experimentation where we use a number of modeling benchmarks - NOx emission process data of gas turbine power plant and learning machine data(Automobile Miles Per Gallon Data) already experimented with in fuzzy or neurofuzzy modeling. A comparative analysis reveals that the proposed RPNN exhibits higher accuracy and superb predictive capability in comparison to some previous models available in the literature.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.770-772
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• 2002

In this paper, the eddy current sensor is develped for observing the ability of detecting defect with variation of frequency and velocity. The circuit designed for processing detected voltage and changing frequency is used for eddy current sensor to detect defect with variation of frequency. The ability of eddy current sensor to detect defects is studied with variation of velocity adjusted by rotating the circular plate. This study shows that the ability of eddy current sensor for detecting defect is increased and decreased by frequency. This fact means that the sensor has its best ability at a certain frequency. And the ability of eddy current sensor by velocity is decreased by increased velocity. Therefore, the eddy current sensor has to be developed with consideration of its operation velocity and frequency.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2003

This paper proposes multivariate process capability indices (PCIs) for skewed populations using $T^2$rand modified process region approaches. The proposed methods are based on the multivariate version of a weighted standard deviation method which adjusts the variance-covariance matrix of quality characteristics and approximates the probability density function using several multivariate Journal distributions with the adjusted variance-covariance matrix. Performance of the proposed PCIs is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation, and finite sample properties of the estimators are studied by means of relative bias and mean square error.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2016

This article deals with one-dimension backward heat conduction problem (BHCP). A new approach based on least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) is proposed for obtaining their approximate solutions. The approximate solution is presented in closed form by means of LS-SVM, whose parameters are adjusted to minimize an appropriate error function. The approximate solution consists of two parts. The first part is a known function that satisfies initial and boundary conditions. The other is a product of two terms. One term is known function which has zero boundary and initial conditions, another term is unknown which is related to kernel functions. This method has been successfully tested on practical examples and has yielded higher accuracy and stable solutions.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

This paper presents a method for the development of the impedance locus to test the dynamic characteristics of protective relays. Specifically, using the proposed method, the impedance locus can comprise three impedance points, and the speed of impedance trajectory can be adjusted by frequency deviation. This paper is divided into two main sections. The first section deals with the configuration of impedance locus with voltage magnitude, total impedance magnitude, and impedance angle. The second section discusses the control of the locus speed with the means of the deviation between two frequencies. The proposed method is applied to two machine equivalent systems with offline simulation (i.e., PSCAD) and real-time simulation (i.e., real-time simulation environment) to demonstrate its effectiveness.