• 약학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.238-249
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• 1994

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of baicalin on the differentiation of preadipocytes, 3T3-L1, and to characterize the action of baicalin that affect the responses of 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation. In various culture conditions, effects of baicalin and adrenoreceptor agonists such as phenylephrine(PE) and isoproterenol(IPR) on cell differentiation were examined. Also, effects of the drugs on differentiation, triglyceride(TG) contents, expression of insulin receptor, cAMP contents, the cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ levels, and amount of calmodulin(CaM) were examined. The results suggest that baicalin has adrenergic receptor blocking activity during the process of differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and that in the early stage of the adipose conversion, the effect of baicalin on the adipocyte differentiation is mediated by the regulation of insulin receptor expression, but by alterations of the cAMP and the calcium metabolism in the late stage. These results also suggest that the action of baicalin may be significant in the lipid metabolism, lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, of adipose cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1895-1902
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• 2008

Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ involved in the control of whole body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Considering the increased incidence of obesity and obesity-related disorders, including diabetes, it is important to understand thoroughly the process of adipocyte differentiation and its control. Therefore, we performed a differential proteome mapping strategy using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with peptide mass fingerprinting to identify intracellular proteins that are differentially expressed during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in response to an adipogenic cocktail. In the current study, we identified 46 differentially expressed proteins, 6 of which have not been addressed previously in 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Notably, we found that phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS), a regulator of cell proliferation, was preferentially expressed in pre-adipocytes than in fully differentiated adipocytes. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information for further understanding of the adipogenic process.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.496-499
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• 2004

We have previously observed that Bambusae Caul is in Liquamen (BCL) stimulates the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells and molecular chaperones were involved in the process of the assembly and replacement of laminin subunits in Bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAEC). Endothelial cells are exposed to continuous shear stress due to the blood flow. Heat shock protens(hsp) are a well-known stress response protein, namely, stress proteins. To investigate effects of BCL on the stress proteins induced by heating in endothelial cells, we have analyzed synthetic amounts of stress proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Under the condition of heating stress, BCL inhibited the synthesis of stress proteins in endothelial cells. These results suggest that BCL may have an important role for expression of stress proteins induced by heating in endothelial cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2006

본 연구는 식이급여형태를 달리하면서 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 부고환지방조직과 장간막지방조직의 지방조직 부위별 지방합성량, 지방합성에 관여하는 주된 효소인 ME, G6PDH 및 6PGDH 활성 및 지방축적의 주된 효소인 LPL 활성에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. Sprague-Dawley 계통 수컷 흰쥐 16마리를 체중에 따라 2군으로 나누어 4주간 실시하였고, ad libitum군은 실험 식이를 무제한 급여하였으며, meal-fed군은 1일 1회 3시간씩 제한 급여하였다. 지방조직의 지방합성량은 포도당이 총지방으로 변하는 양으로 측정하였고, 지방조직의 G6PDH, 6PGDH 및 ME 활성은 NADPH 생성량으로 측정하였다. 또한 지방조직의 LPL 활성과 혈청 지단백질, 중성지방 및 insulin 함량도 측정하였다. Meal-fed군이 ad libitum군에 비해 식이섭취량 저하로 인한 증체량 및 부고환지방조직과 장간막지방조직의 무게가 유의하게 저하되었다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 식이급여형태에 따른 유의차가 없었으나, 혈청 중성지방 함량은 meal-fed군이 ad libitum군에 비해 유의하게 증가하였고, insulin 함량은 저하되었다. 지방합성량 및 G6PBH과 6PGDH 활성은 부고환지방조직과 장간막지방조직 모두 meal-fed군이 ad libitum군에 비해 증가하였으나, ME 활성은 식이급여형태에 따른 유의차가 없었다. 지방조직의 HR-LPL과 TE-LPL 활성은 meal-fed군이 ad libitum군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 지방조직 부위에 따른 차이는 지방함량, 지방합성량 및 G6PDH와 LPL 활성은 부고환지방조직에 비해 장간막지방조직에서 낮은 경향이었다. 이와 같이 meal feeding시 섭취한 에너지를 체지방 형태로 더 많이 보유하도록 지방조직내 지방합성량과 지방합성 관련 효소들의 활성을 증가시켜 체내 대사에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 지방조직 부위에 따라 지방대사에 미치는 영향이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1997

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of chromium in the form of chromium picolinate on growth performance, blood components, carcass grade, in vitro lipogenesis and lipolysis, and in vitro protein degradation and synthesis in growing-finishing pigs. There were no significant differences for daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion among treatments during growing phase, while in the finishing phase, feed intake was lower in groups fed diets with 200 ppb chromium than in other treatment (p < 0.1). Feed conversion was improved in the groups fed diets with chromium compared with control. Carcass weight was similar among treatments while carcass length was longer in groups fed diets with 200 ppb chromium (p < 0.05). Thinner carcass fat was found with groups fed diets with chromium compared to control. Three A grade of carcasses were from groups fed chromium compared to control. No significant differences were observed with blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acid at 60kg body weight. While, at 100 kg body weight, blood triglyceride was lower in groups with 200 and 400 ppb chromium but higher in groups with 100 ppb chromium (p < 0.05). In vitro lipolysis and protein synthesis in adipose tissues were increased as dietary chromium was increased from 0 to 200 ppb (p < 0.1). As a result, 200 ppb chromium in a growing-finishing diet could improve feed efficiency and carcass traits; an increase to 400 ppb has no further effect.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1315-1320
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BCL) on the synthesis of basement membrane proteins during proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. BCL has been used to relieve the cough and asthma, and remove phlegm in traditional oriental medicines. In recent years. it was studied for its antiinflammatory, antiallergenic. immune-modulating and anticarcinogenic capabilities. We have previously observed that glycyrrhizin stimulates the adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. To investigate effects of BCL on the basement membrane proteins during proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, we have analyzed synthetic amounts of basement membrane components such as type IV collagen and BM40. BCL stimulated the synthesis and secretion of type IV collagen from both 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. The synthesis and secretion of BM40 was not affected by BCL. The continuous addition of BCL markedly stimulated cell growth and increased cell density. These results suggest an important role for type IV collagen in adipocyte differentiation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1177-1182
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• 2004

Polyclonal anti-sera were collected from sheep and chicken immunized with adipocytes plasma membranes. Thirty two male wistar rats, weighing 185-215 grams, were divided randomly into 4 groups (trial 1: control group and treat group, trial 2: control group and treat group), with 8 rats in each group. The experiment lasted for 7 weeks. Trial one: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1ml of sheep normal sera. The same 4 day daily dose of group sheep anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane anti-sera was administered to the treat group. The results showed that the treatment for treat group increased body weight by 6.35% (p<0.05) and food intake by 6.85%, and improved food conversion efficiency (Food intake/gain) by 45.00% (p<0.05). Periernal, epididymal and omental adipose deposit weights were decreased by 23.92% (p<0.05), 34.45% (p<0.05) and 0.98% respectively, while total fat content decreased by 20.92%. Trial two: The control group received four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 ml of chicken normal sera, the results of injections of chicken anti-rats sera adipocyte plasma membrane antis-era administered to the treat group indicated that chicken anti-rats adipocyte plasma membranes immunization had an disadvantageous effect on the growth of the wistar rats by the end of 7th wk, compared with the control group. The immunized group decreased in total weight by 40 gram (p<0.05) an averagely and in food intake noticeably (p<0.01). The deposition of fat and the rates of TG and FFA in serum had no statistical significance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2007

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as potent activators of the adipose differentiation program in established preadipose cell lines. TZD's have also been investigated in diabetic patients and reported to act as PPAR-${\gamma}$ ligands. In this report, the effects of TZDs on the differentiation pathway of myoblasts have been investigated. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles medium for 4-5 days until they reached almost 100% confluency. Post-confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with TZDs for 48 hours. Thereafter, cells were exposed only to TZDs every 48 h until day 10. The control was provided with differentiation medium without any treatment. Alterations in the cells during the differentiation programme were analyzed on the basis of fusion index, oil-red-o staining, adipocyte index, adipocyte stain uptake measurement, immuno-histochemistry and western blotting. Exposure of C2C12 mouse myoblasts to TZDs prevented the expression of myosin heavy chain with parallel increase in the expression of C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and acquisition of adipocyte morphology, thus abolishing the formation of multinucleated myotubes. TZDs exert their adipogenic effects only in non-terminally differentiated myoblasts; myotubes were insensitive to the compound. Continuous exposure (at least 4-5 doses) to inducers after the growth arrest was essential to provide a sustained environment to the cells converting to fully matured adipoctyes. The results indicate that TZDs specifically converted the differentiation pathway of myoblasts into that of adipoblasts.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

최근 육계의 체지방 과다축적현상은 큰 문제로 되어 있다. 이는 육계가 생리적요구량 이상으로 에너지를 섭취하기 때문에 일어난 현상이다. 많은 문헌들을 종합하여 보면 육계의 품종, 계통, 성, 연령, 사료조건, 운동정도, 환경온도 및 사육방법 등이 체내 지폐축적에 영향을 미치는 요인인 것 같다. 이들 요인들은 지방조직의 지방세포의 수와 크기를 좌우하는 것이 다. 육계를 도살하지 않고 체내 지방축적량을 추정하기 위한 여러 가지 생체조사측정치 중에서 흉부우역의 피층두께와 그의 지방함률이 복강지방량과 비교적 높은 상관을 보이고 있지만, 이들의 상관계수는 체지방량 추정에 이용할 수 있을 정도로 높은 것은 아니다. 대부분의 보고들은 체중이 큰 쪽으로 선발해 나갈 때 주어진 일령에서 체지방량도 증가되고 있으나 일부 보고들을 보면 체중 위주의 선발을 하여가도 같은 체중에선 지방축적량에 변화가 없다. 한편 사료효율이 좋은 쪽으로 선발하여 갈 경우는 체지방 축적량이 줄어들고 반대로 단백질과 수분함량이 높아진다. 따라서 체중위주의 선발이 반드시 포만 현상을 초래한다고 결론하기는 어려우나, 사료효율 개선방향의 선발은 포만현상을 완화시킨다고 결론할 수 있을 것 같다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.627-633
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• 1995

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various dietary vitamin $B_6$ levels on conversion from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in various tissues in growing chicks. Growing chicks were fed the purified diet containing 7% safflower oil with different levels of vitamin $B_6$ (0, 4, 8, 40, 80 mg per kg diet) for 14 days. Feed intake and weight gain in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet were markedly depressed. Esterified and free cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly higher, while the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lover in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet compared to that fed diets with vitamin $B_6$. The liver triglyceride content was also lower in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet. The liver and serum cholesterol ester fractions in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet showed higher rate of $C_{18:2n6}$ and lower rates of $C_{18:3n6}$, $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ as compared with vitamin $B_6$ fed groups. In serum phospholipid fraction of chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet, rates of $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ were markedly lower. As dietary vitamin $B_6$ level was increased, the rate of $C_{20:4n6}$ was slightly increased, although it was statistically not significant. The fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue showed almost the same pattern as those in liver and serum. This result suggests that the desaturation of $C_{18:2n6}$ to $C_{18:3n6}$, elongation to $C_{20:3n6}$ or both steps might be impaired by vitamin $B_6$ deficiency in growing chicks.