• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2019

Background: In colorectal cancer (CRC), 40-60% of patients develop metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal and intricate process that increases the metastatic potential of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on colorectal metastasis through inhibition of EMT and the metastatic abilities of CRC cells. Methods: To investigate the effect of RGE on the metastatic phenotypes of CRC cells, CT26 and HT29 cells were evaluated by using an adhesion assay, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, zymography, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western-blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RGE, which showed an inhibitory effect on the transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)-induced EMT in HT29 cells. Additionally, the antimetastatic effect of RGE was evaluated in a mouse model of lung metastasis injected with CT26 cells. Results: RGE decreased the adhesion and migration ability of the CT26 cells and TGF-${\beta}1$-treated HT29 cells. The invasion ability was also reduced by RGE treatment through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity. Moreover, RGE suppressed the TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT via TGF-${\beta}1$/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression in HT29 cells and lung tissue in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that RGE inhibited colorectal lung metastasis through a reduction in metastatic phenotypes, such as migration, invasion, and the EMT of CRC cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Citrus Reticulata(CR) on the Cell Detachment and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SNU-668 Cells. The effect of CR on apoptosis was investigated through MTT assay, DAPI staining, and TUNEL assay. We also performed RT-PCR for apoptotic genes including BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-3, the caspase-3 activity assay, and western blotting for pro-CASP-3. Then, to detect that adhesion of cell to ECM was reduced by CR, we investigated mRNA expression of CDH1 and PTK2 using RT-PCR, and their protein expressions using western blotting, and immunocytochemistry in SNU-668 cells. In this study, the results showed that treatment of CR induced time and dose-dependent cell death in SNU-668 cells. Downregulated mRNA expression of BCL-2, and upregulated mRNA expressions of BAX and CASP-3 indicated that the cell death was due to apoptosis. Protein expression of inactivated CASP-3, and caspase-3 activity assay also showed that apoptosis was induced in CR-treated cells.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.128-140
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and immunomodulatory effects of samryongbakchulsankamibang(SBSK) studies were done experimentally, In cytotoxicity against P388, A549. SK-OV-3, B16-F10 and SK-MEL-2. concentration inhibiting cell growth up to below 40% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of SBSK. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I. the $IC_{50}$ was shown $200-400{\mu}g/ml$ of SBSK. The T/C was 154% in SBSK-treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice, The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549 and B16-F10 to complex extracellular matrix up to below 30% of control was recognized at $5{\times}10^{-4}$, $1{\times}10^{-3}\;g/ml$ of SBSK. In pumonary colonization assay with B16-BL/6, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group, In hematological changes in B16-BL/6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC and platelet were not changed significantly in SBSK-treated groups, In CAM and in vitro neovascularization assay, angiogenesis was inhibited significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group. From above results it was concluded that SBSK could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.765-770
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• 2003

To explore the possible cancer agent from oriental prescriptions, we have examined its antitumor and anti metastatic activities of Kamibojungikgi-tang(KBIT). KBIT extracts exhibited cytotoxicity against P388, A549 and B16-F10 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and showed antiadhesive effect of A549 cell to complex extracellular matrix at 1 ㎎/㎖ in vitro. In DNA topoisomerase I assay, KBIT extracts showed strong inhibitoty effect in a dose-dependent manner. In pulmonary colonization assay with B16BL6, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased effectively in KBIT treated group as compared with control group. Moreover, in CAM assay, KBIT extracts significantly inhibited angiogenesis at 15㎍/egg as compared with control. The T/C% was 141% in KBIT treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. From the above results it was concluded that KBIT had antitumor and anti metastatic activities. So it is expected to be clinically helpful on the prevention and treatment of cancer, although it is still necessary to study its mechanism on molecular biology and immunology.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2008

In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of propenone derivatives, 1,3-diphenyl-propenone (DPhP), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-2-yl-propenone (PhT2P), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-3-yl-propenone (PhT3P) and 1-furan-2-yl-3-phenyl-propenone (FPhP), on $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ activity and interleukin (IL)-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. 1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) that is previously reported as a $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor suppressed $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. The propenone derivatives, DPhP, PhT2P, PhT3P, FPhP, also inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in a similar degree to FPP-3. In a DPPH radical scavenging assay, none of the compounds showed DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating that the inhibitory actions of the propenone derivatives on redox-sensitive $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity is not due to a simple free radical scavenging activity. In addition, the propenone derivatives also suppressed the IL-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, the effective concentrations of the propenone derivatives on both $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation as well as IL-8 induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion were 1000 times lower than 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a clinically used drug for inflammatory bowel disease. These results suggest that the propenone derivatives may be a potential lead having a strong inhibitory activity against inflammatory cytokine-induced epithelial inflammation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2012

Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen and is frequently associated with biofilm formation occurring on the surfaces of host tissues and medical devices. On account of the distinct resistance of C. albicans biofilms to the conventional antifungal agents, new strategies are required to cope with these infections. The root of Polygonum cuspidatum has been used for medicinal purposes in East Asia. The aim of this study was to assess the anticandidal potential of the P. cuspidatum ethanol extract by evaluating biofilm formation, integrity of the cell membranes of C. albicans and adhesion of C. albicans cells to polystyrene surfaces. The growth and development of the biofilm was assessed using an XTT reduction assay, and the extract (0.39 mg/ml) significantly reduced ($41.1{\pm}17.8%$) biofilm formation of 11 C. albicans strains. The extract damaged the cell membranes of C. albicans and remarkably inhibited cell adhesion to polystyrene surfaces. The plant extract displayed fungistatic activity without significant hemolytic activity. Based on the results of this study, the P. cuspidatum extract has promising potential for use in treating biofilm-associated Candida infection.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.796-801
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant activity and anti-immunological inflammatory effect of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum extracts (AVPEs). Antioxidant activities of AVPEs were determined by free radical scavenging assay and reducing power test. Leaf-part extract had comparatively better antioxidant activity than other-part extracts. Antioxidant activity of extracts had protective effect for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against superoxide anions secreted from activated neutrophils. Also, we observed AVPEs had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to HUVEC monolayer to the basal level. Inhibitory effect on cell adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})-upregulated$ expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in HUVECs. From these results, we expect to support the evidence of anti-immunological inflammatory effects of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum (AVP) as a Korean traditional pharmaceutical.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.514-521
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• 1993

Monocyte interaction with fibronectin (FN) mediates specific cell surface receptors and results in cell attachment and differentiation. Several cell-mediated activities for various fragments of FN have been documented. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of monocyte differentiation by cell binding domains of FN and their receptors, cell attachment-, cell migration-, and its respective inhibition assay were carried out. Monocyte recognizes 38-kDa domain distinctively from its recognition of 85-kDa domain, and the heparin-binding site of the 38-kDa fragment is not involved in monocyte adhesion. Based on these experimental results, it can be suggested that monocvte/macrophase interacts with at least two different sites in FN, which is critical step in cell adhesion and (or) migration.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2011

연구 목적: 양극 산화 티타늄 임플란트의 표면에RGD펩타이드를 화학적 고정 및 물리적 흡착 방법을 통해 코팅하고, 이러한 코팅방법에 따른 표면 변화와 펩타이드의 코팅여부, 인간간엽줄기세포 배양시의 부착, 증식, 분화를 비교하여, 펩타이드를 임플란트 표면에 코팅시키는 방법과 세포의 반응 간의 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 직경 12.0 mm, 두께 3.0 mm의 양극 산화 티타늄 디스크 상에, 대조군은 아무런 코팅을 시행하지 않았으며, 실험군은 표면에 형광 물질이 고정되어 있는 RGD펩타이드를 화학적 고정 방법과 물리적 흡착 방법으로 코팅시켰다. 펩타이드 코팅 이후의 표면 변화를 살펴보기 위해 주사전자현미경관찰, 형광현미경 관찰, X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) 분석을 시행하였다. 세포 부착 정도와 형태의 변화 및 증식 정도를 평가하였다. 분화의 정도를 살펴보기 위해, 정량중합효소연쇄반응, alkaline phosphatase activity assay, alizarin red assay를 이용하여 각각 분석하였다. 통계 분석은 SPSS (ver. 17.0, SPSS, IL, USA)프로그램을 이용하여 Kruskal-Wallis test로 유의성을 검증하였고, 사후 검정은 Bonferroni test를 시행하였다(P=.05). 결과: 형광 현미경, XPS 분석 결과, 두 가지 코팅 방법에서 모두 펩타이드의 코팅이 확인되었으며, 물리적 흡착 방법이 화학적 고정 방법보다 더 많은 양의 펩타이드를 코팅시킬 수 있었다. 코팅 방법의 차이에 따른 세포의 초기 부착 정도와 형태 변화, 증식의 정도에는 유의할만한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(P>.05). 세포의 분화 정도는 물리적 흡착 실험군에서 대조군과 화학적 흡착 실험군에서보다 collagen type I과 osteocalcin, osteopontin의 양이 증가되었으며, ALP activity가 유의하게 증가되었다(P<.05). 결론: RGD-펩타이드를 양극 산화 임플란트에 코팅함으로써 인간간엽줄기세포의 반응에 영향을 주어 임플란트의 골유착을 증진시킬 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였으며, 특히 많은 양의 펩타이드를 코팅할 수 있는 물리적 흡착 방법이 화학적 고정 방법보다 인간간엽줄기세포 반응에 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2017

In this study, qRT-PCR was employed to identify that miR-186 expression level in NSCLC tissues are highly associated with lymph node metastasis. In addition, through the application of western blotting, luciferase assay and qRT-PCR, it was found that miR-186 targeted 3'UTR of cdc42 mRNA and down-regulated cdc42 protein level in a post-transcriptional manner. Transwell assay indicated that cdc42 partially reversed the effect of miR-186 mimics. Besides, miR-186 was proved to regulate EMT by influencing biomarkers of this process and cell adhesion ability. Thus, miR-186 is a potential target for NSCLC therapy. miR-186 is proposed to be one of tumor-suppressors and may serve as a therapeutic target in NSCLC treatment.