• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 2019

Background: In colorectal cancer (CRC), 40-60% of patients develop metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal and intricate process that increases the metastatic potential of CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) on colorectal metastasis through inhibition of EMT and the metastatic abilities of CRC cells. Methods: To investigate the effect of RGE on the metastatic phenotypes of CRC cells, CT26 and HT29 cells were evaluated by using an adhesion assay, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, zymography, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Western-blot analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RGE, which showed an inhibitory effect on the transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)-induced EMT in HT29 cells. Additionally, the antimetastatic effect of RGE was evaluated in a mouse model of lung metastasis injected with CT26 cells. Results: RGE decreased the adhesion and migration ability of the CT26 cells and TGF-${\beta}1$-treated HT29 cells. The invasion ability was also reduced by RGE treatment through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity. Moreover, RGE suppressed the TGF-${\beta}1$-induced EMT via TGF-${\beta}1$/Smad-signaling-mediated Snail/E-cadherin expression in HT29 cells and lung tissue in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that RGE inhibited colorectal lung metastasis through a reduction in metastatic phenotypes, such as migration, invasion, and the EMT of CRC cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Citrus Reticulata(CR) on the Cell Detachment and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SNU-668 Cells. The effect of CR on apoptosis was investigated through MTT assay, DAPI staining, and TUNEL assay. We also performed RT-PCR for apoptotic genes including BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-3, the caspase-3 activity assay, and western blotting for pro-CASP-3. Then, to detect that adhesion of cell to ECM was reduced by CR, we investigated mRNA expression of CDH1 and PTK2 using RT-PCR, and their protein expressions using western blotting, and immunocytochemistry in SNU-668 cells. In this study, the results showed that treatment of CR induced time and dose-dependent cell death in SNU-668 cells. Downregulated mRNA expression of BCL-2, and upregulated mRNA expressions of BAX and CASP-3 indicated that the cell death was due to apoptosis. Protein expression of inactivated CASP-3, and caspase-3 activity assay also showed that apoptosis was induced in CR-treated cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.128-140
• /
• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor activity, antimetastatic and immunomodulatory effects of samryongbakchulsankamibang(SBSK) studies were done experimentally, In cytotoxicity against P388, A549. SK-OV-3, B16-F10 and SK-MEL-2. concentration inhibiting cell growth up to below 40% of control was recognized at $10^{-3}g/ml$ of SBSK. In Inhibitory effect on activity of DNA topoisomerase I. the $IC_{50}$ was shown $200-400{\mu}g/ml$ of SBSK. The T/C was 154% in SBSK-treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice, The concentration inhibiting adhesion of A549 and B16-F10 to complex extracellular matrix up to below 30% of control was recognized at $5{\times}10^{-4}$, $1{\times}10^{-3}\;g/ml$ of SBSK. In pumonary colonization assay with B16-BL/6, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group, In hematological changes in B16-BL/6 injected C57BL/6, numbers of WBC and platelet were not changed significantly in SBSK-treated groups, In CAM and in vitro neovascularization assay, angiogenesis was inhibited significantly in SBSK-treated group as compared with control group. From above results it was concluded that SBSK could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.765-770
• /
• 2003

To explore the possible cancer agent from oriental prescriptions, we have examined its antitumor and anti metastatic activities of Kamibojungikgi-tang(KBIT). KBIT extracts exhibited cytotoxicity against P388, A549 and B16-F10 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and showed antiadhesive effect of A549 cell to complex extracellular matrix at 1 ㎎/㎖ in vitro. In DNA topoisomerase I assay, KBIT extracts showed strong inhibitoty effect in a dose-dependent manner. In pulmonary colonization assay with B16BL6, a number of colonies in the lungs were decreased effectively in KBIT treated group as compared with control group. Moreover, in CAM assay, KBIT extracts significantly inhibited angiogenesis at 15㎍/egg as compared with control. The T/C% was 141% in KBIT treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. From the above results it was concluded that KBIT had antitumor and anti metastatic activities. So it is expected to be clinically helpful on the prevention and treatment of cancer, although it is still necessary to study its mechanism on molecular biology and immunology.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.62-66
• /
• 2008

In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of propenone derivatives, 1,3-diphenyl-propenone (DPhP), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-2-yl-propenone (PhT2P), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-3-yl-propenone (PhT3P) and 1-furan-2-yl-3-phenyl-propenone (FPhP), on $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ activity and interleukin (IL)-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. 1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) that is previously reported as a $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor suppressed $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. The propenone derivatives, DPhP, PhT2P, PhT3P, FPhP, also inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in a similar degree to FPP-3. In a DPPH radical scavenging assay, none of the compounds showed DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating that the inhibitory actions of the propenone derivatives on redox-sensitive $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity is not due to a simple free radical scavenging activity. In addition, the propenone derivatives also suppressed the IL-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, the effective concentrations of the propenone derivatives on both $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation as well as IL-8 induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion were 1000 times lower than 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a clinically used drug for inflammatory bowel disease. These results suggest that the propenone derivatives may be a potential lead having a strong inhibitory activity against inflammatory cytokine-induced epithelial inflammation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2012

Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen and is frequently associated with biofilm formation occurring on the surfaces of host tissues and medical devices. On account of the distinct resistance of C. albicans biofilms to the conventional antifungal agents, new strategies are required to cope with these infections. The root of Polygonum cuspidatum has been used for medicinal purposes in East Asia. The aim of this study was to assess the anticandidal potential of the P. cuspidatum ethanol extract by evaluating biofilm formation, integrity of the cell membranes of C. albicans and adhesion of C. albicans cells to polystyrene surfaces. The growth and development of the biofilm was assessed using an XTT reduction assay, and the extract (0.39 mg/ml) significantly reduced ($41.1{\pm}17.8%$) biofilm formation of 11 C. albicans strains. The extract damaged the cell membranes of C. albicans and remarkably inhibited cell adhesion to polystyrene surfaces. The plant extract displayed fungistatic activity without significant hemolytic activity. Based on the results of this study, the P. cuspidatum extract has promising potential for use in treating biofilm-associated Candida infection.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.796-801
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant activity and anti-immunological inflammatory effect of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum extracts (AVPEs). Antioxidant activities of AVPEs were determined by free radical scavenging assay and reducing power test. Leaf-part extract had comparatively better antioxidant activity than other-part extracts. Antioxidant activity of extracts had protective effect for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against superoxide anions secreted from activated neutrophils. Also, we observed AVPEs had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to HUVEC monolayer to the basal level. Inhibitory effect on cell adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})-upregulated$ expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in HUVECs. From these results, we expect to support the evidence of anti-immunological inflammatory effects of Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum (AVP) as a Korean traditional pharmaceutical.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.514-521
• /
• 1993

Monocyte interaction with fibronectin (FN) mediates specific cell surface receptors and results in cell attachment and differentiation. Several cell-mediated activities for various fragments of FN have been documented. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of monocyte differentiation by cell binding domains of FN and their receptors, cell attachment-, cell migration-, and its respective inhibition assay were carried out. Monocyte recognizes 38-kDa domain distinctively from its recognition of 85-kDa domain, and the heparin-binding site of the 38-kDa fragment is not involved in monocyte adhesion. Based on these experimental results, it can be suggested that monocvte/macrophase interacts with at least two different sites in FN, which is critical step in cell adhesion and (or) migration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.245-253
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to estimate surface characteristic after peptide coating and investigate biological response of human mesenchymal stem cell to anodized titanium discs coated with RGD peptide by physical adhesion and chemical fixation. Materials and methods: Fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC) modified RGD-peptide was coated on the anodized titanium discs (diameter 12 mm, height 3 mm) using two methods. One was physical adhesion method and the other was chemical fixation method. Physical adhesion was performed by dip and dry procedure, chemical fixation was performed by covalent bond via silanization. In this study, human mesenchymal stem cell was used for experiments. The experiments consisted of surface characteristic evaluation after peptide coating, analysis about cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Obtained data are statistically treated using Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni test was performed as post hoc test (P=.05). Results: The evaluation of FE-SEM images revealed no diffenrence at micro-surfaces between each groups. Total coating dose was higher at physical adhesion experimental group than at chemical fixation experimental group. In cell adhesion and proliferation, RGD peptide coating did not show a statistical significance compared with control group (P>.05). In cell differentiation and mineralization, physical adhesion method displayed significantly increased levels compared with control group and chemical fixation method (P<.05). Conclusion: RGD peptide coating seems to enhance osseointegration by effects on the response of human mesenchymal stem cell. Especially physical adhesion method showed more effective than chemical fixation method on response of human mesenchymal stem cell.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2017

In this study, qRT-PCR was employed to identify that miR-186 expression level in NSCLC tissues are highly associated with lymph node metastasis. In addition, through the application of western blotting, luciferase assay and qRT-PCR, it was found that miR-186 targeted 3'UTR of cdc42 mRNA and down-regulated cdc42 protein level in a post-transcriptional manner. Transwell assay indicated that cdc42 partially reversed the effect of miR-186 mimics. Besides, miR-186 was proved to regulate EMT by influencing biomarkers of this process and cell adhesion ability. Thus, miR-186 is a potential target for NSCLC therapy. miR-186 is proposed to be one of tumor-suppressors and may serve as a therapeutic target in NSCLC treatment.