• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2019

The harsh economic conditions of Buddhist temples in late Joseon dynasty, and the prevalence of the Buddhānusmrti(念佛) practice, which is a practice of reciting Amita Buddha(阿彌陀佛), led Buddhist temples to organize the Buddhānusmrti association(念佛契) in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. For the practices and the activities of organization, an architectural facility was required; thereby, many temples had a Yeombul-dang(念佛堂). However, only a few of the Yeombul-dang have survived and are known today. This research investigates the ways temples tried to acquire Yeombul-dang buildings during the period and their architecture characteristics by reviewing historical records and documentary works of literature. In this research, Yeombul-dang is found to have various types of building names and building forms. Different hall names such as Amitābha Hall(佛殿), Yosa(寮舍) and Daebang(大房) were used as Yeonbul-dang. The commonalities and differences in terms of building forms, spatial elements composition and layouts were found depending on how they were acquired. The Yeombul-dang were most commonly built as multi-complex buildings consisting of worshiping rooms and residential areas. Most of Yeombul-dang were located in the central areas of the temple site. On this basis, this research suggests the possibility that many Yeombul-dang is still being used under different names and for different purposes.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 1997

HDTV의 경우 기존의 DTV에 비해 약 4∼6 배의 많은 화소수를 처리해야 하므로 HDTV의 한 프레임을 몇개의 분할화면으로 나누어서 각각의 분할화면을 병렬처리하는 방식을 많이 이용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 HDTV한 프레임을 4개의 분할화면으로 나누어서 처리하는 시스템 구조를 채택하고, 국부분산을 이용한 새로운 장면전환 검출 방식을 제안하였으며 또한 장면전환 검출시 계산된 각각의 분할화면 영상의 활동도를 이용하여 적응적으로 비트를 할당하는 새로운 적응적 다중채널 율제어 방식을 제안하였다 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 장면전환 검출방식은 HDTV동영상의 장면전환을 정확히 검출하였으며, 제안된 적응적 다중채널 율제어 방식은 각 밴드별로 일정하게 비트할당을 한 것과 비교하였을 때 우수한 성능을 보여주었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.2797-2820
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• 2015

In order to accommodate huge number of antennas in a limited antenna size, a large scale antenna array is expected to have a three dimensional (3D) array structure. By using the Active Antenna Systems (AAS), the weights of the antenna elements arranged vertically could be configured adaptively. Then, a degree of freedom (DOF) in the vertical plane is provided for system design. So the three-dimension MIMO (3D MIMO) could be realized to solve the actual implementation problem of the massive MIMO. However, in 3D massive MIMO systems, the pilot contamination problem studied in 2D massive MIMO systems and the inter-cell interference as well as inter-vertical sector interference in 3D MIMO systems with vertical sectorization exist simultaneously, when the number of antenna is not large enough. This paper investigates the interference management towards the above challenges in 3D massive MIMO systems. Here, vertical sectorization based on vertical beamforming is included in the concerned systems. Firstly, a cooperative joint vertical beams adjustment and pilot assignment scheme is developed to improve the channel estimation precision of the uplink with pilots being reused across the vertical sectors. Secondly, a downlink interference coordination scheme by jointly controlling weight vectors and power of vertical beams is proposed, where the estimated channel state information is used in the optimization modelling, and the performance loss induced by pilot contamination could be compensated in some degree. Simulation results show that the proposed joint optimization algorithm with controllable vertical beams' weight vectors outperforms the method combining downtilts adjustment and power allocation.