• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to extend Ad-hoc network system lifetime with the proposed routing protocol which has considered hop lifetimes of the nodes while guaranteeing QoS in the establishment process of Ad-hoc network communication paths. Based on another power aware routing system that proposed in the advanced research [1], we are proposing an alternative power aware routing system in which nodes' hop lifetimes are compared in order to extend the lifetime of an Ad-hoc network system and delay factors have been considered for the assurance of QoS. The research of the routing protocol in this paper, which aims to maximize the system survival time considering power consumption status during the path searching in MANET and pursues the mechanism that controls hop delays for the same reason, can be applied to the study of WSN. The study concerning such phenomena is essential so that the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified with NS-2 in Linux system focusing on the lifetimes of the hops of the nodes. Commercialization of smart devices and arrival of the ubiquitous age has brought about the world where all the people and things are connected with networks. Since the proposed power aware method and the hop delay control mechanism used to find the adequate communication paths in MANET which mainly uses batteries or in WSN, they can largely contribute to the lifetime extension of the network system by reducing power consumptions when utilized for the communications attempts among soldiers during military operation, disaster areas, temporary events or exhibitions, mobile phone shadow areas, home networks, in-between vehicle communications and sense networks, etc. This paper presents the definitions and some advantages regarding the proposed outing protocol that sustain and extend the lifetime of the networks.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권6호
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• pp.829-834
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• 2004

이동 에드 혹 네트워크(Mobile Ad hoc Network)에서는 노드들이 pear-to-pear 레벨에서 무선 채널을 통하여 대화 한다. 노드들은 지리적으로 이동이 자유로우며 무선 채널들은 영역 내에서 약하게 결합된다. 그리고 노드들이 자유롭게 이동할 수 있기 때문에 고정된 네트워크의 형태가 존재하지 않는다. 따라서 노드들간의 데이터 교관이나 노드간의 통신을 관리하기 위해서 리더 노드(Leader Node)가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이웃 노드간에만 대화가 허용되는 이동 에드 혹 네트워크를 위한 효율적인 리더 노드 선택 알고리즘을 소개한다. 그리고 시뮬레이션을 통한 알고리즘의 성능 평가 결과를 보인다. 본 논문에서 소개한 알고리즘은 노드들의 이동에 영향을 받지 않고 최소한의 무선 자원만을 사용하는 효율적이고 실용적인 알고리즘이다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권12B
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• pp.805-810
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• 2005

이동 애드혹 네트워크에서 연속적이고 실시간적인 멀터미디어 정보에 대한 사용자의 요구에 따라 서비스 품질(QoS: Quality of Service) 보장이 중요한 이슈로 대두되었다. 본 논문에서는 이동 애드혹 망의 대표적인 라우팅 프로토콜 중 하나인 AODV 프로토콜을 TDMA 기반으로 수정하고, 대역폭 예약을 통해 QoS를 보장하는 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. 후보 경로에 대해 최대 사용가능한 대역폭을 계산하는 기존의 복잡한 방식 대신에 제안하는 방식은 단대단 요구사항을 만족하는지 여부만 확인한다. 이 때, 무선 대역폭의 사용효율을 극대화하기 위하여 무선 환경에서 충돌이 발생하지 않도록 Time slot을 할당하고 대역폭을 예약한다. 성능 평가를 위해 애드혹 환경에서 시뮬레이션을 통해, 제안하는 예약 기반의 QoS 라우팅 프로토콜을 평가한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안하는 프로토콜이 Load에 무관하게 충분히 낮고 안정적인 Delay 성능을 제공함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권12B호
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2008

그리디 포워딩(Greedy forwarding) 기법은 주변 노드들의 정보만을 이용해 패킷을 전달하는 기법으로, 전체 라우팅 경로를 유지해야 하는 다른 애드혹 라우팅 프로토콜에 비해 경로 유지가 쉽기 때문에 토폴로지가 자주 변하는 차량간 애드혹 네트워크에 적합한 방식이라고 할 수 있다. 그리디 포워딩 기법에서는 주기적인 비콘 전송을 통해 이웃 노드들의 위치를 획득하고, 패킷을 전달할 때 수신 노드와 가장 가까운 노드를 전달 노드로 선택한다. 이러한 그리디 포워딩의 성능을 떨어뜨리는 주요 원인 중 하나는 이웃 노드가 원래의 위치에서 벗어나면서 발생하는 링크 단절 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 그리디 포워딩 기반의 라우팅 프로토콜인 Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) 프로토콜을 바탕으로 링크 단절 문제를 해결하기 위한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 이웃 노드의 위치와 비콘을 수신한 시간 등을 고려해 효율적이면서도 안정적인 라우팅 경로를 찾는 것을 목표로 한다. 다양한 환경에서의 실험 결과를 통해 우리는 제안하는 알고리즘이 GPSR과 기존의 연구 결과들에 비해 더 뛰어난 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.475-491
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• 2009

This paper is primarily concerned with multi-path routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). We propose a novel associativity-based on-demand source routing protocol for MANETs that attempts to establish relatively stable path(s) between the source and the destination. We introduce a new notion for gauging the temporal and spatial stability of nodes, and hence the paths interconnecting them. The proposed protocol is compared with other unipath (DSDV and AODV) and multi-path (AOMDV) routing protocols. We investigate the performance in terms of throughput, normalized routing overhead, packet delivery ratio etc. All on-demand protocols show good performance in mobile environments with less traffic overhead compared to proactive approaches, but they are prone to longer end-to-end delays due to route discovery and maintenance.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2008

In this paper, we discuss a novel reservation-based, asynchronous MAC protocol called 'Multi-rate Multi-hop MAC Protocol' (MMMP) for multi-hop ad hoc networks that provides QoS guarantees for multimedia traffic. MMMP achieves this by providing service differentiation for multirate real-time traffic (both constant and variable bit rate traffic) and guaranteeing a bounded end-to-end delay for the same while still catering to the throughput requirements of non real time traffic. In addition, it administers bandwidth preservation via a feature called 'Smart Drop' and implements efficient bandwidth usage through a mechanism called 'Release Bandwidth'. Simulation results on the QualNet simulator indicate that MMMP outperforms IEEE 802.11 on all performance metrics and can efficiently handle a large range of traffic intensity. It also outperforms other similar state-of-the-art MAC protocols.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2016

This paper proposes a medium access control (MAC) protocol for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) ad-hoc networks. Multiple-packet receptions in MIMO systems have attracted as a key technique to achieve a high transmission rate. In the conventional protocols for multiple-packet receptions, timing offsets among multiple-frame transmissions cause frame collisions induced by hidden nodes, which degrades network performance. In the proposed protocol, transmission synchronization among hidden nodes can be achieved by applying pulse/tone exchanges. By applying the pulse/tone exchanges, multiple-packet receptions among hidden nodes can be achieved, which enhances network throughputs compared with the conventional protocol. Simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed protocol.

• 한국멀티미디어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국멀티미디어학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회논문집
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• pp.190-192
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• 2012

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is the new wireless networking concept of mobile ad hoc networks in research community. Routing in vehicular is a major challenge and research area. The majority of current routing algorithms for VANETs utilize indirect metrics to select the next hop and produce optimal node path. In this paper, we propose a distance and angle based routing algorithm for VANETs, which combines a distance approach with an angle based geographical strategy for selecting the next hop, with the purpose of using direct metrics to build a optimal node route. The proposed algorithm has better performance than the previous scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.2281-2301
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• 2014

In wireless ad hoc networks the nodes focus on achieving the maximum SINR for efficient data transmission. In order to achieve maximum SINR the nodes culminate in exhausting the battery power for successful transmissions. This in turn affects the successful transmission of the other nodes as the maximum transmission power opted by each node serves as a source of interference for the other nodes in the network. This paper models the choice of power for each node as a non cooperative game where the throughput of the network with respect to the consumption of power is formulated as a utility function. We propose an adaptive pricing scheme that encourages the nodes to use minimum transmission power to achieve target SINR at the Nash equilibrium and improve their net utility in multiuser scenario.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2008

In mobile ad hoc networks, packet loss is unavoidable due to MAC contention, link failure or the inherent characteristics of wireless link. Since TCP relies on the timely reception of TCP ACK packets to progress the transmission of the TCP DATA packets, ACK loss obviously affects the performance due to two main problems: (a) Frequent occurrence of spurious retransmissions caused by timeout events and (b) impairment of the fast retransmit mechanism caused by the lack of a sufficient number of duplicate ACK packets. In particular, since most reactive routing protocols force the packets buffered over a path to be discarded while performing a route recovery, the performance degradation becomes more serious due to such ACK loss. In this paper, therefore, TCP with two piggybacking schemes (called TCP-pgy) is proposed in order to resolve the above-mentioned problems over reactive routing protocols. Through extensive simulations using the ns-2 simulator, we prove that our proposed schemes contribute to TCP performance improvements.