• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2014

Military communications for future warfare have limited resources but highly requirements. MANET has a lot of advantages for future military network due to easily deploying without infrastructure and supporting dynamic topology in restricted environments. But, one of the biggest issues for MANET is difficulty of transmitting data due to link failure in dynamic topology. Content Centric Networking is a future Internet paradigm which solves various IP network problem. In this paper, we propose a future military communication routing scheme using CCN in military tactical MANET. Simulation results show our scheme gets lower control message overhead and faster data downloads as number of node increases and mobile speed increases than other two schemes.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-196
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• 2015

The concept of energy-efficient networking has begun to spread in the past few years, gaining increasing popularity. A common opinion among networking researchers is that the sole introduction of low consumption silicon technologies may not be enough to effectively curb energy requirements. Thus, for disruptively boosting the network energy efficiency, these hardware enhancements must be integrated with ad-hoc mechanisms that explicitly manage energy saving, by exploiting network-specific features. The IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) standard is one of such efforts. EEE introduces a low power mode for the most common Ethernet physical layer standards and is expected to provide large energy savings. However, it has been shown that EEE may not achieve good energy efficiency because mode transition overheads can be significant, leading to almost full energy consumption even at low utilization levels. Coalescing techniques such as packet coalescing and interrupt coalescing were proposed to improve energy efficiency of EEE, but their implementations typically adopt a simple policy that employs a few fixed values for coalescing parameters, thus it is difficult to achieve optimal energy efficiency. The paper proposes adaptive interrupt coalescing (AIC) that adopts an optimal policy that could not only improve energy efficiency but support performance. AIC has been implemented at the sender side with the Intel 82579 network interface card (NIC) and e1000e Linux device driver. The experiments were performed at 100 M bps transfer rate and show that energy efficiency of AIC is improved in most cases despite performance consideration and in the best case can be improved up to 37% compared to that of conventional interrupt coalescing techniques.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2016

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) experience frequent link disconnections due to non-uniform node distribution and mobility. Thus, end-to-end path establishment-based routing protocols cause frequent transmission failures in MANETs, resulting in heavy control messages for path reestablishment. While location-based MANET routing protocols, such as Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), use location information to forward messages in a hop-by-hop routing fashion without an end-to-end path establishment procedure, such protocols encounter communication void problems when message forwarding to the next hop fails due to the absence of a relay node. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Delay Tolerant-GPSR (DT-GPSR) protocol, which combines Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) technology with the GPSR protocol. The performance of DT-GPSR is compared with the performances of the original GPSR and PRoPHET routing protocols through simulation using NS-2. The simulation results confirm that DT-GPSR outperforms GPSR and PRoPHET in terms of the message delivery ratio and message delivery delay.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.941-955
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• 2015

In dual-channel networks (DCNs), all frequency hopping (FH) sequences used for data channels are chosen from the original FH sequence used for the control channel by shifting different initial phases. As the number of data channels increases, the hitting frequency point problem becomes considerably serious because DCNs is non-orthogonal synchronization network and FH sequences are non-orthogonal. The increasing severity of the hitting frequency point problem consequently reduces the resource utilization efficiency. To solve this problem, we propose a novel hitting frequency point collision avoidance method, which consists of a sequence-selection strategy called sliding correlation (SC) and a collision avoidance strategy called keeping silent on hitting frequency point (KSHF). SC is used to find the optimal phase-shifted FH sequence with the minimum number of hitting frequency points for a new data channel. The hitting frequency points and their locations in this optimal sequence are also derived for KSHF according to SC strategy. In KSHF, the transceivers transmit or receive symbol information not on the hitting frequency point, but on the next frequency point during the next FH period. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that unlike the traditional method, the proposed method can effectively reduce the number of hitting frequency points and improve the efficiency of the code resource utilization.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.1471-1478
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• 2011

A typical standard of vehicular ad hoc networks, WAVE which consists of IEEE 1609.x Family standards and IEEE 802.11p standard, includes the multi-channel coordination and channel synchronization function to provide safety services or public services during a car is driven. Generally, the performance of data communication and networking technologies is evaluated by using simulation tools, such as ns-2, OPNET, OPNET++, etc. However, these tools doesn't provide the operations of WAVE protocol. Therefore, in this paper, we implement and verify WAVE simulation program based on ns-2.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 에드-혹 망의 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜인 ODMRP(On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol)를 확장한 PatchODMRP를 제안한다. ODMRP는 네트워크 상에서 멀티캐스트그룹의 송신원으로부터 수신원에 이르는 경로 상에 있는 노드들을 FG(Forwarding Group) 노드로 선출하여 이들이 해당 멀티캐스트그룹에 속하는 패킷을 모두 플러딩하도록 함으로써 멀티캐스트 그룹데이타 전송을 담당하는 메쉬를 구성하도록 하는 방안이다. 그런데 ODMRP는 주기적으로 이 메쉬를 구성하는 FG 노드들을 재 선정하기 때문에 이 주기가 길어지면 메쉬 구성이 네트워크 노드들의 이동성을 따라가지 못해 메쉬분리가 발생하고 데이터가 손실될수 있다. 반면에 이 주기를 짧게 하면 오버헤드가 지나치게 커질수 있다. 특히 송신원의 수가 적은 경우 ODMRP의 메쉬는 매우 성기게 형성되는데 이때 호스트들의 이동성이 크면 메쉬 연결을 유지하기 위하여 이 주기를 짧게 잡아주거나 높은 데이터 손실율을 감수해야한다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제점을 해결하고자 각 FG 노드들이 BEACON 신호를 이용해 자신에 인접한 메쉬에 손실이 발생한 것을 인지하고 이를 국부적인 플러딩을 통하여 빠르게 복구하는 메커니즘을 ODMRP에 추가한 PatchODMRP 방식을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 ODMRP와 제안하는 PatchODMRP의 성능을 비교한 결과 PatchODMRP가 호스트의 이동성에 훨씬 강하며 ODMRP에 비하여 낮은 오버헤드로 높은 데이터 전송률을 제공할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 2009

Networking together hundreds or thousands of cheap sensor nodes allows users to accurately monitor a remote environment by intelligently combining the data from the individual nodes. As sensor nodes are typically battery operated, it is important to efficiently use the limited energy of the nodes to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor network (WSN). One of the fundamental issues in WSNs is the coverage problem. In this paper, the border coverage problem in WSNs is rigorously analyzed. Most existing results related to the coverage problem in wireless sensor networks focused on planar networks; however, three dimensional (3D) modeling of the sensor network would reflect more accurately real-life situations. Unlike previous works in this area, we provide distributed algorithms that allow the selection and activation of an optimal border cover for both 2D and 3D regions of interest. We also provide self-healing algorithms as an optimization to our border coverage algorithms which allow the sensor network to adaptively reconfigure and repair itself in order to improve its own performance. Border coverage is crucial for optimizing sensor placement for intrusion detection and a number of other practical applications.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.18-23
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• 2008

This paper describes development of real-time condition monitoring system to observe state of a container crane in a port. To analyze the state of a crane, the strength and the direction of wind are measured with sensors along with the load resulted a crane at the moment. The measured signals are processed by especially developed conditioning board and converted into digital data. Measured data are analyzed to define the state of the crane at an indicator. For transmission of these data to the indicator, we implemented wireless sensor network based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC(Media Access Control) protocol and Bluetooth network protocol. To extend the networking distance between the indicator and sensor nodes, the shortest path routing algorithm was applied for WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) networks. The indicator sends the state information of the crane to monitoring server through IEEE 802.11 b wireless LAN(Local Area Network). Monitoring server decides whether alarm should be issued or not. The performance of developed WSN and Bluetooth network were evaluated and analyzed in terms of communication delay and throughput.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2011

This paper describes efficient flight control algorithms for building a reconfigurable ad-hoc wireless sensor networks between nodes on the ground and airborne nodes mounted on autonomous vehicles to increase the operational range of an aerial robot or the communication connectivity. Two autonomous flight control algorithms based on adaptive gradient climbing approach are developed to steer the aerial vehicles to reach optimal locations for the maximum communication throughputs in the airborne sensor networks. The first autonomous vehicle control algorithm is presented for seeking the source of a scalar signal by directly using the extremum-seeking based forward surge control approach with no position information of the aerial vehicle. The second flight control algorithm is developed with the angular rate command by integrating an adaptive gradient climbing technique which uses an on-line gradient estimator to identify the derivative of a performance cost function. They incorporate the network performance into the feedback path to mitigate interference and noise. A communication propagation model is used to predict the link quality of the communication connectivity between distributed nodes. Simulation study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed reconfigurable airborne wireless networking control algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.5 s.43
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• pp.259-265
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• 2006

As a core area of the new computing paradigm, the Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology utilizes a wireless sensor networking which can be applied to the Context Information Monitoring System. When the technology is used in a poor user-environment for monitoring purposes, it can cost-effectively gather the context data on real-time basis, analyze the information gathered, effectively response to the user situation, and execute orders to create environmental factors desired by the user. This study structures a system able to monitor information in regards to a user-environment based on wireless-node sensor technology coupled with the Ubiquitous Sensor Network Technology. The proposed system requires a minimal collection of data without continuous monitoring. Monitoring periodically, it can sense the user-environment more efficiently than the existing monitoring technologies based on the wire-communication technology.