• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2018

The present study was carried out to investigate the acute oral toxicity of Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa) essential oil in ICR male and female mice. Acute oral treatment with C. obtusa essential oil did not reveal any sign of toxicity or mortality in treated mice. Mouse body weights were not affected after single oral administration of C. obtusa essential oil during the 14-day observation period. In the hematological and blood biochemical analysis, all parameters of the treated group with 2,000 mg/kg body weight of the essential oil were not significantly different those of the control group. Therefore, the lethal dose 50 of the essential oil was estimated to be greater than 2,000 mg/kg body weight in mice, which indicated that the essential oil is non-toxic. In conclusion, this study suggests that C. obtusa essential oil orally safe ICR mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

We studied the acute oral toxicity of black ginseng (BG) produced by heat process in rats. Single acute BG extract doses of 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg dissolved in saline were administered by oral gavage and the animals were kept under observation for 14 days. The single administration of BG extract up to 15 g/kg did not produce mortality, behavioral change or abnormal clinical signs in the rats. These results indicated that the oral $LD_{50}$ of the BG extract in the rats is higher than 15 g/kg. Compared to the control group, no treatment-related biologically significant effects of BG extract were noted in the measurements of the body weight or food intake. At the end of the period, the biochemical parameters and hematological parameters were analyzed in the plasma and blood. A histopathological examination of the liver and kidney was also conducted. Only the blood nitrogen urea and potassium levels in the biochemical indices showed significant differences at 10 and 15 g/kg doses of BG extract compared to the control group. These changes were not considered to be due to the toxicity. None of the other clinical chemistry parameters were affected. Therefore, these results indicate that the BG by heat processing is virtually nontoxic.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.435-447
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• 1997

l-Muscone is synthesized for use as substitutive material of musk which is the active ingredient of woohwangchungsimwon. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of l-muscone in rats. In oral acute toxicity test, SPF Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were gayaged with l-muscone of two doses(0, 5.0 g/kg). No dead animal and abnormal autopsy findings were found in control and treated group. Body weights were slightly decreased in both sexes of rats treated with 5.0 g/kg. Therefore, oral $LD_{50}$ of l-muscone was consider to be higher than 5.0 g/kg in male and female rats. In intraperitoneal acute toxicity test, rats were injected intraperitoneally with dosages of 0, 1,000, 1,316, 1,732, 2,279 and 3.000 mg/kg. Decreased body weights and motor activities were observed at high dose group. Intraperitoneal $LD_{50}$ of l-muscone were 1,920 mg/kg in male and female rats. In the subacute study, l-muscone was administrated orally to both sexes of rats for 4 weeks as several doses(0, 10, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg). There were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemical analysist and other findings. Above data suggest that no observed adverse effect level of l-muscone in rats might be over 1,000 mg/kg/day in this study.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

Previous studies have shown that modified Je-Ho-Tang (MJHT) has anti-platelet effects. Je-Ho-Tang (JHT), a Korean court beverage, is a traditional Korean herbal medicine that has been used for the treatment of a disease attended by great thirst, and for prevention of illness in hot summers. We made MJHT from JHT by excluding honey. The present study was performed to determine the acute oral toxicity of crude extract of MJHT in male and female ICR mice. We investigated the in vivo single dose acute toxicity of MJHT hot-water extraction. This test was orally administered once by gavage to 20 mice of each sex received doses of 0 (control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Mortalities, clinical findings, autopsy findings and body weight changes were monitored daily for 14 days following the administration. We observed survival rates, general toxicities, changes of body weight, and autopsy. No significant lethality was observed after single oral administration of MJHT at the different dosages. Autopsies on the animals revealed no gross abnormalities. Therefore, the LD50 value of MJHT for ICR mice was estimated more than 5000 mg/kg by the oral route. These results suggest that no toxic dose level of MJHT in mice is considered to be more than 5000 mg/kg. Consequently, it was concluded that MJHT have no effect on acute toxicity and side effect in ICR mice.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 1997

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of l-muscone, a major active ingredient of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs(3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dosage of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of l-muscone, 0.2 mg/kg/day(low dosage group), 2 mg/kg/day(middle dosage group), or 20 mg/kg/day(high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration(1996.4.16). $LD_{50}$ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg on oral route for both male and females. In animals administered with l-muscone, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other findings. No histolopathological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggest that l-muscone in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.222-228
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• 2020

Background: 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (C₄₂H₇₂O₁₃), a natural triterpenoid saponin, is extracted from red ginseng. The increasing use of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 has raised product safety concerns. Methods: In acute toxicity, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 was singly and orally administrated to Kunming mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at the maximum doses of 1600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively. In the 26-week toxicity study, we used repeated oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in SD rats over 26 weeks at doses of 0, 20, 60, or 180 mg/kg. Moreover, a 4-week recovery period was scheduled to observe the persistence, delayed occurrence, and reversibility of toxic effects. Results: The result of acute toxicity shows that oral administration of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 to mice and rats did not induce mortality or toxicity up to 1600 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. During a 26-week administration period and a 4-week withdrawal period (recovery period), there were no significant differences in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis parameters, biochemical and hematological values, or histopathological findings. Conclusion: The mean oral lethal dose (LD₅₀) of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3, in acute toxicity, is above 1600 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively. In a repeated-dose 26-week oral toxicity study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level for female and male SD rats was 180 mg/kg.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 1995

Saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has been shown to contain a strong anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, several pharmacological properties such as acute toxicity, local irritation and hemolytic activity of Sapindus saponin and its genin component, hederagenirl, were examined. The acute toxicity of Sapindus saponin was very low. Estimated from the LD$_{50}$ values, it showed much weaker toxicity in oral administration than in intraperitoneal injection. Hederagenin gave a very high LD$_{50}$ value even in intraperitoneal injection. Sapindus saponin showed a potent local irritation after topical application, whereas hederagenin did a very weak local irritation. Sapindus saponin also gave a high hemolytic activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2009

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (size: 30 nm) were prepared by the supercritical synthesis method, Acute oral toxicity and tissue distribution of the nanoparticles were evaluated by a single administration in rats. Oral administration of the nanoparticles to the rats did not lead to death when the animals were treated by a dose of 5 g/kg (high dose) as well as 100 mg/kg (low dose). Abnormal clinical signs, changes in serum biochemistry and hematology were not observed in high-dose treated group compared to the vehicle control group. Lesions in liver, lung and kidney were not observed in high-dose treated group by histopathological examination. Tissue distribution analysis in liver, kidney, spleen, lung, testis and brain was performed on day 1, day 7 and day 14 after treatment. The average values of the accumulated cerium oxide nanoparticles were elevated in all tissues but statistical significance was only shown in lung. Low levels of tissue distributions after a single oral administration seem to be the low bioavailability of the nanoparticles.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of an oriental medical prescription for obesity treatment, SH21-B, in Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. SH21-B was administered in rats at does of 0mg/kg, 2,000mg/kg, and 5,000mg/kg. And also SH21-B was administered in Beagle dogs at does of 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 600mg/kg. The rats and dogs of both sexes were observed daily for 14 days after single oral administration. Two female rats, one administered at 2,000mg/kg and the other administered at 5,000mg/kg, died, but no dead animal was observed among male rats. Therefore LD50 in the female rat is observed to be 8,710mg/kg, and MLD(Minimum Lethal Dose) of the male rat is observed to be more than 5,000mg/kg. Among dogs, no dead animal was observed up to 600mg/kg and MLD is observed to be more than 600mg/kg.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.266-269
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• 1993

The acute toxicity of a recombinant human interferon $\alpha$A (code name: LBD-007) was evaluated in both sexes of ICR mice, 5 weeks old, by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes of administration. Based on the results, LBD-007 was not considered to induce any toxic effect on the mice in mortalities, clinical findigs, body weights and gross findings. It is suggested that LD$_{50}$ values in mice would be $>48{\times}10^8$ IU/kg in the oral, subcutaneous or intravenous routes.s.