• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.183-197
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the characteristic of physical touch in caring situation. The subjects of this study were adults in caring situation, therefore they were composed of 7 patients, 6 nurses, 3 doctors, 3 pharmacologists, 3 men in paramedicine area, 3 nursing educators and 13 normal general adults. The datas were gathered through nonstructured questionaire from June, 20th to September, 15th in 1995. The datas were subjects' descriptions about the intention, perception, and form of physical touch in caring situation and analysed by content analysis. The results as follow : The datas were divided into four areas. There were the situation being necessiated the physical touch, meaning of physical touch, form of physical touch and perception about physical touch in caring situation. The situation being necessiated physical touch were the situation that required physical treatment, to deliver the active expression of concern about the patients, to determine the treatment due to the identification of physical condition of patients and to induce the psychological eqilibrium into patient's mind. The meanings of physical touch in caring situation were - Good meanings that intention is to encourage, to be have hope about health and to deliver the affection willing to help patient. - therapeutic methods that were to facillitate the circulation of blood, to reduce the pain perception and to facillitate the circulation of qi. - interpersonal affectionate relation that the intentions were to deliver the understanding of patient's pain, were to delivery the meaning to the patient not be alone. The forms of physical touch in caring situation were none invasive forms just like laying hands on hand, head, shoulder, gentle knocking on the shoulder or back, massage of legs and back and finger pressure on acupuncture points. The perception of physical touch in caring situation divided into two parts. In family, the perceptions of physical touch in caring situation were to promote health status because physical touch induce the psychological peace, and to evoke the importance of relationship among family members. In relation with care giver, perception of physical touch in caring situation were inevitable process in treatment, and to deliver the trust and concern about patients.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2015

Objectives This study was designed to compare the effects Gwibi-tang herbal-medication with Danggwisusan herbal-medication for patients with acute cervical and lumbar sprains due to a traffic accident. Methods This study was carried out on 119 acute cervical & lumbar sprain patients by traffic accident. We divided these patients into 2 groups. Group A was treated with Gwibi-tang and Group B was treated with Danggwisusan three times a day for three days. Each patient was treated with acupuncture, physical therapy and two types of herbal-medication. We measured the numerical rating scale (NRS) at two time points : pre-treatment (Tx). and post-Tx. Results 1. The NRS scores significantly decreased after treatment in all patients. 2. The changed NRS scores of nuchal pain showed a borderline significant difference between Group A and Group B (p=0.067). 3. In sub-group analysis, Gwibi-tang showed a greater effect on NRS scores of lumbago pain in female patients (p=0.068) and patients under 30s (p=0.054) compared to Danggwisusan. Conclusions In this study, both types of herbal-medication; Gwibi-tang and Danggwisusan were highly effective on acute cervical and lumbar sprain patients. Especially Gwibi-tang (Group A) was more effective than Danggwisusan (Group B) in reducing the initial nuchal pain. Also Gwibi-tang was more effective for lumbago pain in female and patients under 30s.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.614-628
• /
• 1998

The effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on blood concentration of endocrine substances were investigated in 6 horses. Three acupuncture points ; Guan Yuan Shu(BL-26), Wei Shu(BL-21) and Da Chang Shu(BL-25) were stimulated for 20 minutes by EA at separate occasions under varying condition ; 2V-1Hz, 2V-5Hz, 2V-30Hz, 4V-1Hz, 4V-5Hz and 4V-30Hz. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), ${\beta}$-endorphin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and serum levels of gastrin were analysed. Blood samplings were carried out before, 0, 20 and 40 minutes after the EA stimulation. The serum gastrin levels were increased by 2V-5Hz stimulation on the Wei Shu. Plasma ACTH levels were decreased by 2V-1Hz stimulation on the Wei Shu, but largely increased by 4V-30Hz stimulation on the Guan Yuan Shu. Plasma ${\beta}$-endorphin levels were slightly increased or decreased by 2V-1Hz stimulation, but largely increased by 4V-30Hz stimulation on the Guan Yuan Shu. Plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were not so much changed by 2V-1Hz or 5Hz stimulation, but tended to increase by 4V-30Hz stimulation on Guan Yuan Shu. These results suggest that the low voltage-low frequence EA stimulation increased blood concentration of gastrin, but decreased ACTH, ${\beta}$-endorphin, epinephrine and norepinephrine, whereas high voltage-high frequence EA stimulation induced opposite results. Accordingly, there appears to be a close relationship between the changes of gastrointestinal motility and the changes of blood concentration of endocrine substances by EA stimulation.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this review is to investigate the trends of Traditional Korean Medicine treatments on degenerative knee arthritis. Methods : We investigated the studies on traditional Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) treatments for degenerative knee arthritis via searching 5 Korean web databases. Results : 31 research papers were found to be analyzed according to their published year, the titles of journals, published institution, the types of study, the number of cases, the types of treatments. 31 papers were published since 1992. The studies on TKM treatments about degenerative knee arthritis were mainly published in The journal of korean acupuncture & moxibustion medicine. 13 Randomized Controlled Trials, 10 Case series, 4 Reviews, 3 Non RCTs, and 1 Case Report had been under research. In 22 cases of the studies, one method was used to treat the symptoms. Whereas in 5 cases of the studies, various TKM treatments were used to treat the symptoms. Visual analogue score(VAS) and patient's subjective complaints were used as primary assessments. Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the trends of TKM treatments on degenerative knee arthritis. Reviewing the domestic trends of studies on Traditional Korean Medicine treatments on degenerative knee arthritis and examining the strong and weak points of those treatments are essential for the further studies.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and silver spike point (SSP) therapy on current perception threshold (CPT) and mechanical pain threshold (MPT). Methods: Forty-five healthy adult male and female subjects were studied. Fourteen of them were males and twenty-one were females. Subject were randomly assigned to receive; (1) TENS (80/120 Hz alternating frequency), (2) SSP (3 Hz), or (3) no treatment (control group). Electric stimulation was applied over LI4 and LI11 on acupuncture points of the left forearm for 30 minutes. CPT and MPT were recorded before and after electrical stimulation. The data were analyzed using linear mixed models, with group treated as a between subject factor and time a within-subject factor. Results: At 30 minutes after cessation of electrical stimulation the CPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers was reduced in the TENS group that of C fibers was reduced in the SSP group (p<0.05). After cessation of electrical stimulation, the MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers increased in the TENS group, and that of A${\delta}$fibers increased in the SSP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: After TENS and SSP stimulation, MPT of C fibers and A${\delta}$fibers were selectively increased. In particular, the TENS group showed increases in both C and A${\delta}$fibers, while the SSP group showed increases only in A${\delta}$fibers.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.555-561
• /
• 1995

본 논문에서는 객관적이고 신뢰성있는 체질 식별을 위한 수단으로 기존의 O-링 테스트법의 단점을 보완한 O-링 경근력 계측시스템을 설계하여 임상에 적용하였다. 의사나 체질 식별 시술자의 손으로 행하던 O-Ring 측정을 공압 펌프와 액츄에이터를 이용하여 마이크로 컴퓨터로 제어함으로써 압력을 받은 실린더와 피스톤을 확장하게하여 고리모양으로 만든 피측정자의 손가락을 확장시키도록 설계하였다. 기존의 재래식 측정법이 단순히 측정자가 느끼는 주관적인 감각과 경험으로 피측정자의 경근력을 판단하므로 객관성이 결여되고 미세한 경근력의 변화는 판정이 불가능하였으나 O-링 경근력 계측시스템을 사용한 측정법은 미세한 경근력의 변화를 측정함은 물론 손가락의 확장거리 및 측정 시간까지 계측함으로써 경근력 변화를 판단하는 파라메터가 다양하고 신뢰성을 유지하게 하였다. 임상 실험 결과 O-링 경근력 계측시스템이 기존의 체질 진단법의 단점을 보완하고 보다 객관성있는 체질 진단의 가능성을 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 차후 O-링 경근력 계측 시스템을 PC와 인터페이스시켜 측정된 임상 자료를 데이타베이스화 함으로써 많은 임상 자료를 기반으로 컴퓨터에서 전문가 시스템을 구축하여 체질 진단에 대한 보다 객관적이고 신뢰성이 높은 자동 진단 시스템으로 발전시키면 한의학적인 질변진단 분야에 기여할 수 있을것이다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.159-184
• /
• 1997

A Literature study on the language disturbance, the results are as follows; 1. Utterance was closely concerned not only the vocal organs(pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, lips, tongue, vocal cord etc,) but also five viscera{especially heart, lung, kidney etc.) in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. It is very like the vocal mechanism in Medical science. 2. In the language disturbance, It is classified with dysarthria and dysphasia in Medical science. But in Oriental medicine, it is expressed the language disturbance as coma-speech lessness, stiff tongue-speechlessness, frightening-speechlessness etc. Especially in Oriental medicine, Non-utterance is called aphasia in literature study. 3. In the concern of the language disturbance and five viscera, $Heart{\cdot}Lung{\cdot}Kidney$ are counted of first importence. In differential diagnosis, It is divided sthenia-syndrome and asthenia-syndrome. Sthenia-syndrome is classified with wind-cold, fire-evil, adverseness of vital energy, stagnation of phlegm, is easy to cure. Asthenia-syndrome is classified with sexual desire, anxiety-meditation, fear, is hard to cure. 4. The pathogenesis of dysphasia originated from two factors; The first internal damages are consumption of body fluid caused by lung-dryness and yin-dificiency of lung & kidney. The second disease caused by exogenous evjls is sluggishness of lung-energy. 5. In many using points of acupuncture of the language disturbance, the order is LI-4(合谷), H-7(神門), K-l(湧泉), L-3(太衝), K-3(太谿), S-6(三陰交), H-5(通里), G-15(아門), C-23(廉泉), S-40(豊降), K-6(照海), L-7(列缺), S-36(足三里) etc.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.183-199
• /
• 1998

The effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on gastrointestinal motility were investigated in 6 horses. Three acupuncture points ; Guan Yuan Shu(BL-26), Wei Shu(BL-21) and Da Chang Shu(BL-25) were stimulated for 20 minutes by EA at separate occasions under varying condition ; 2V-1Hz, 2V-5Hz, 2V-30Hz, 4V-1Hz, 4V-5Hz and 4V-30Hz. Myoelectric activity of stomach and cecum was monitored to investigate the gastrointestinal motility. Electromyogram(EMG) recordings were carried out before, 0, 20 minutes after and 40 minutes after the EA stimulation. EMG bipolar electrode was surgically implanted in seromuscular layer of greater curvature in the stomach and between medial band and ventral band in the cecum. The EA stimulation and monitoring were not commenced until 15 days after electrode implantation. The EA stimulation of Wei Shu influenced on stomach motility and that of Da Chang Shu on, cecum motility. However, the EA stimulation of Guan Yuan Shu influenced on both the stomach and the cecum motility. The myoelectrical spike burst amplitude of the stomach and the cecum was significantly(p<0.05) increased by 2V-1Hz stimulation, but the myoelectrical spike burst frequence of the stomach and the cecum was significantly decreased by 2V-30Hz or 4V-30Hz stimulation. The myoelectrical spike burst duration of the stomach and the cecum was significantly lengthened by 4V-30Hz and 2V or 4V-30Hz stimulation, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2003

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effects of Rainbow Power therapy on knee joint with osteoarthritis. Methods : Patient with the osteoarthritis of knee joints are divided into Rainbow Power therapy group(20 people) and none-Rainbow Power therapy group(20 people). After treatment, we evaluated the effect per each group. Results : 1. Fifty and Sixty aged patients were the most in the Rainbow Power group(30% each) and sixty aged patients were the most in the None-Rainbow Power group(45%). 2. In the both groups, 1-3 years duration of disease was the most(40%, 45% each). 3. In the none-Rainbow Power group, patients improved (Lysholm score : $49.20{\pm}11.54{\rightarrow}63.90{\pm}9.54$, p<0.05), but, did not improved in the part of squatting and dystrophy. In the Rainbow Power group, patients improved(Lysholm score : $46.55{\pm}9.89{\rightarrow}80.90{\pm}13.78$, p<0.05), but, did not improved only in the part of dystrophy. 4. The effects of treatment by VNRS were follow : After treatment, $4.10{\pm}1.22$ in Rainbow Power Group and $4.55{\pm}1.15$ in none-Rainbow Power group. 5. The effects of treatment by nine points scale were follow : In the Rainbow Power group, the Excellent was 7 cases(35%), the Good was 9 cases(45%), the Fair was 4 cases(20%) and there was no Poor. The Excellent was 6 cases(30%), the Good was 8 cases(40%), the Fair was 6 cases(30%) and there was no Poor.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether quantitative evaluation of the color of the tongue substance using $L^*a^*b^*$ color coordinates system could minimize the problems arising from the different illuminating conditions or not. In controlled 4 different illuminating conditions (by natural light, flashlight, f-number, shutter speed),12 healthy subjects were photographed of their tongue substance through a digital camera (C-2100uz, Olympus Co.), both on the top surface and on the bottom surface of the tongue substance by two examiners, twice at 3 day intervals. Clinician evaluation was also performed grading the redness of the tongue substance in the form of 5-points scale by 6 clinicians. As a result, there was no significant difference in color differences between the color of the tongue substance and the reference red card in the 4 different illuminating conditions. Intra-rater reliability was satisfied and even though limitedly, inter-rater reliability was satisfied. Color differences were significantly correlated with the results by the clinicians, although they were applicable limitedly to specific illuminating conditions. Our results indicate that the application of the color differences in tongue diagnosis could not only evaluate the color information quantitatively, but also minimize the problems arising from the different illuminating conditions and that there was the significant difference in the visual evaluation of the red color of the tongue substance, both between the clinicians and between the illuminating conditions.