• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2009

The government separated and established the industrial safety and health law from the Labor Standard law since 1981 to promote the labor's working environment and to improve the conditions of laborers. The government made a lot of effort to discharge the industrial safety and health law by continuous revision of the law thereafter. it is, however, difficult to establish clear-cut lines of authority and responsibility due to the fact that the substantial application of the industrial safety and health law is adapted by enterprise's autonomous management. There are frequent industrial disasters on the small and medium enterprises which have financial difficulty and it means this causes much more social cost. Finally, for the improvement of laborer's safety, health and working environment in the small and medium enterprises we need to raise the effectiveness of the industrial safety and health law through enhancing a government-office's administration and surveillance with the changing mind of a business proprietor. On this paper, we research on the actual condition of the administration, inspection and regulation of safety and health by means of the industrial safety and health law. Thereafter we analyze how much the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency and vicarious businesses of safety & health management help. we used the survey method to gather data from 380 laborers directly and analysed the data by SPSS v17.0.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.557-564
• /
• 2009

A combined sewer system can quickly drain both storm water and sewage, improve the living environment and resolve flood measures. A combined sewer system is much superior to separate sewer system in reduction of the non-point source pollutant load. However, during rainfall. it is impossible in time, space and economic terms to cope with the entire volume of storm water. A sewage system that exceeds the capacity of the sewer facilities drain into the river mixed with storm-water. In addition, high concentration of CSOs by first-flush increase pollution load and reduce treatment efficiency in sewage treatment plant. The aim of this study was to develope a processing unit for the removal of high CSOs concentrations in relation to water quality during rainfall events in a combined sewer. The most suitable operational design for processing facilities under various conditions was also determined. With a designed discharge of 19.89 m/min, the removal efficiency was good, without excessive overflow, but it was less effective in relation to underflow, and decreased with decreasing particle size and specific gravity. It was necessary to lessen radius of vortex separator for increasing inlet velocity in optimum range for efficient performance, and removal efficiency was considered to high because of rotation increases through enlargement of comparing height of vortex separator in diameter. By distribution of influent particle size, the actual turbulent flow and experimental results was a little different from the theoretical removal efficiency due to turbulent effect in device.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.229-243
• /
• 1997

Especially in NICU(Neonatal Intensive Care Unit), handwashing is an important factor in decresing nosocomial infections due to reduced immunity, prematurity and various invasive procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the basic characteristics related to handwashing by NICU nurses. It was composed of three parts ; questionnaire survey I (genoral characteristics of handwashing), questionnaire survey II(the awareness degree of handwashing importance) and actual performance. This study was performed from Oct. 8 to 14 in 1994. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Frequency of handwashing were different by shift of working about 47.1% of the respondents. They were washing most frequently during day-shift about 75% of above. According to self evaluation to handwashing frequency, 64.7% of the respondents said their frequency of handwashing was inadequate, because of being too busy.(45.1%), bothering caused by detergent or disinfectant(17.6%), and too far from handwashing facilities(17.6%). 2. The most common handwashing agent was soap(88.2%), 52.9% of the subjects experienced adverse effects after handwashing ; rough hand(44.5%), dryness(33.3%) All subjects washed their hands with running water, and 70.6% of the subjects washed upto wrist. In duration of handwashing, 52.9% of subjects washed hands 5 to 10 seconds, 29.5% of them did 11 to 15 seconds. 3. 29.4% among subjects had participated to take in the handwashing educational program. About 60% responded they would like to take the course of handwashing if possible. 4. The important nursing activities that need handwashing were chaning of caring ostomy, suctioning, chaning IV dressing site. On the other hand, they responded handwashing was not essential before dealing with omitus, before and after transfering machine, before chaning diaper(stool) 5. Handwashing performance was 61.7%. Among seven nursing activities, suctioning(73.4%) was the highest, the next was dealing with discharge or sampling(71.1%), the lowest was bathing(34.6%). The performance was better after(70.2%) nursing activities that before(52.5%), and day(63.6%) or evening(68.3%) shift than night(56.7%)

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2012

Rainfall infiltration test under one dimensional condition is conducted to evaluate the effect of rainfall intensity on seepage velocity and infiltration characteristics for initial unsaturated sediment. Experimental results are compared with those numerical simulations with respect to variations of pore water pressure, degree of saturation and discharge velocity with time, and both results give good agreement. High rainfall intensity tends to increase seepage velocity almost linearly. But it shows rapid increase as rainfall intensity approaches saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sediment. In addition, the upper part of wetting front depth is partially saturated, not fully. Therefore, actual wetting front depth is considered to advance faster than theoretical prediction, which leads to slope instability of unsaturated slope due to surface rainfall.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 2014

The objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze Osu stream watershed water environment system. The data were collected from January 2009 to December 2011 including water temperature, pH, DO, EC, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P and discharge. The data were used for principle component analysis and factor analysis. The results are as followes. The primary factors obtained from both the principal component analysis and the factor analysis were BOD, COD, TOC, SS and T-P. Once principal component analysis and factor analysis have been performed with the collected data and then the results will be applied to both simple regression model and multiple regression model. The regression model was developed into case 1 using concentrations of water quality parameters and case 2 using delivery loads. The value of the coefficient of determination on case 1 fell between 0.629 and 0.866; this was lower than case 2 value which fell between 0.946 and 0.998. Therefore, case 2 model would be a reliable choice.The coefficient of determination between the estimated figure using data which was developed to the regression model in 2012 and the actual measurement value was over 0.6, overall. It can be safely deduced that the correlation value between the two findings was high. The same model can be applied to get TOC concentrations in future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.2163-2170
• /
• 2012

Aim: This one group semi-experimental study was performed to develop and adapt flow charts of nursing practices applied to gynecologic oncology patients to the field. Methods: The research was conducted between October 2008 and March 2009 in 6 hospitals in Istanbul (3 health ministry hospitals, 2 private hospitals and 1 university hospital) with effective programs. The scope of the study included 97 midwives/nurses who had been working as caregivers of gynecologic oncology patients in this unit at least for 6 months and who participated in this study voluntarily; 87 people composed the sample because of the absence of others on vacation or sick leave when the data were collected or who did not wish to participate. The data were in descriptive information form collected via "Forms to Determine the Efficiency of Flow Charts". Before data collection, risks related to gynecologic oncology problems were identified, a literature scanning was made for existing flow charts based on actual practices and the discovered charts were reviewed. As a result of the evaluations, it was decided to create 15 flow charts intended for risks, symptoms, operation processes and discharge. Questionnaires to determine activity were applied to participants before and after practice. Results: As a result of the study, it was determined that the efficiency of the flow charts increased significantly (p <0.01) after practice of the participants, nosignificant relationships (p>0.01) being apparent with age group, education level, occupational period in the job and in the gynecologic oncology field and evaluations of the practice before and after it was applied. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that nursing participants in university and private hospitals and who supported the existence of a flow chart in the field evaluated the flow charts positively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.37 no.11
• /
• pp.929-938
• /
• 2004

In this study, Miho stream basin(Seokhwa water level gauging station) In Geum river, Flood control main station of Geum River Flood Control Office, is selected. Hydrologic topographical informations are calculated using WMS which is hydrologic analysis software coupled with GIS Method, and flood analysis is accomplished by HEC-1 included In WMS. To calculate the effective rainfall CN values of SCS are used. Clark, Snyder and SCS methods are selected respectively to derive unit hydrograph. This study shows the applicability of GIS techniques to runoff simulation in ungauged basin by comparing with actual measured flood hydrograph. As a results, Snyder(Tulsa) method and Clark (Herby) method is suitable to Miho stream basin. But Snyder(Tulsa) method is suitable more than Clark(Herby) method. And according to the degree of urbanization, the peak discharge has increased and the peak time has tended to decrease.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 2020

A refrigerator equipped with an ice dispenser has ice cubes in its ice bucket to discharge the required amount of ice. On the other hand, the ice cubes in the bucket may clump together if the refrigerator is filled with ice and is not used for a long time or during normal operation. Although a mechanism for separating the ice mass is provided, the ice mass cannot be removed completely if the ice blocking is severe. To solve this problem, after investigating the existing research on the process of ice entanglement and the separation force, this study tested ice extraction under a range of conditions of artificially entangled ices. In this process, new mechanisms are proposed to resolve the problem of existing ice storage features that prevent the extraction of ice and to expand the working radius of the icebreaking mechanism for full extraction. The prototype of the proposed mechanism was also fabricated in an actual refrigerator. As a result, the proposed shape and mechanism could extract the ice cubes in the bucket completely, while the existing ice dispenser could extract only 65%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2013

It was described the measured friction loss depending on pressure used and changes in water flow rates for a fire hose used at a fire scene on this study. As a result of actual measurement based on the result obtained by analyzing the use situation of a fire hose such as the kind, quantity, pressure used, etc. of a fire hose, the friction loss in a fire hose under the condition of using by a fire officer at a fire scene was measured as up to 56.8 %. This is much different from the equivalent length of a fire hose used to calculate the pump head in an indoor and outdoor fire-fighting facility. There is no related restrictive regulation on friction loss, there are even no data on friction loss measured by fire hose makers, and spreading a fire hose without considering friction loss at a fire scene can result in an increased length of hose used and a high-pressure water discharge from a fire engine, so this study aims to establish a standard for an equivalent length to friction loss in a fire hose and to propose a spreading method considering friction loss in a fire hose at a fire scene.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 2004

Most of the low-level liquid radioactive wastes generated from PWR plants are classified into high or low total suspended solid(HTDS or LTDS), and into radiochemical and radioactive laundry waste. Although the evaporation process has a high decontami- nation ability, it has several problems such as corrosion, foam, and congestion. A new liquid waste disposal process using the ion-exchange demineralizer(IED), instead of the current evaporation process, has been introduced into the Yonggwang NPP #5 and 6. These two methods have been compared to understand the differences in this study. Aspects compared here were the released radioactivity amount of the liquid radioactive wastes, the dose of off-site residents, the decontamination factor, and the amount of the solid radioactive wastes. The IED system is designed to discharge higher radioactivity about 20% than the evaporating system, and the actual radioactivity released from the evaporating and IED system were 0.473mCi and 1.098mCi, respectively. The radioactivity released from the IED was 2.32 times higher than that of the evaporating system. The dose of off-site residents was $2.97{\times}10^{-6}$mSv for the evaporating system, and $6.47{\times}10^{-6}$mSv for IED. The decontamination factor(DF) of the evaporator is, in most cases, far lower than the lower limits of detection(LLD) with the Ge-Li detector. Due to the low concentration of the liquid wastes collected from the liquid waste system, the decontamination factor of IED is very low. Since there is not enough data on the amount of solid radioactive wastes generated by the evaporation system, the comparison on these two systems has been conducted on the basis of the design, and the comparison result was that the evaporating system generated more wastes about 40% than IED.