• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2003

To evaluate the influence of hepatic oxygen free radical systems on liver injury by topical p-phenylenediamine (PPD) application on rat skin, PPD (25 mg/16.5 $\textrm{cm}^2$) was topically applied to the abdominal region 5 times every other day and sacrificed. By PPD treatment, increasing rate of liver weight/body weight (%), serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreasing rate of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity were higher in the rats fed tungstate supplemented diet than those fed a standard diet. These findings indicate that group fed tungstate supplemented diet have more severe liver injury compared with group fed standard diet on topical PPD application. However, the activities of oxygen free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and those of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes were not found to be different between these two animal groups. In the present study, a novel monitoring method to detect the generating of oxygen free radicals in liver extract was devised. Throughout this method, the oxidized PPD produced by oxygen free radicals was determined colorimetrically. The increasing rate of PPD oxidation by liver homogenate was higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Among the fractionations of liver extract, the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions in the liver extract of tungstate fed animals led to a higher availability of PPD oxidation by PPD treatment compared with standard diet fed ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that an enhanced liver injury in tungstate fed animals treated with PPD may be due to oxygen free radicals produced in other systems except oxygen free radicals generating from cytosolic XO system. Especially, oxidative availability by PPD can be used for oxygen free radical detection in some tissue.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.218-232
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was aimed to describe Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) and analyze the flight nurses' activities in HEMS. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the air transportation reports that contained data of 168 patients transported by aircraft to G University medical center in Incheon since June, 2012 to March, 2013. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Average distance of flights was 44.0 km, duration of field treatment took 13.6 minutes, and duration of a flight from scene to hospital was 14.5 minutes. Nursing activities were categorized into 12 direct nursing activities and 5 nursing management activities, and a total number of 7806 nursing activities were occurred in HEMS. The most frequently performed nursing activity was measurement and monitoring (27.9%) followed by medication (11.5%) and respiratory management (8.7%). The most frequent nursing management were information management (11.0%). Nursing activities performed were significantly different depending on the patient's level of consciousness, cause of illness, crew configuration, and type of transportation. Conclusion: This study described HEMS nursing activities performed by flight nurses. Difference in nursing activities according to patient characteristics, crew configuration and type of transportation requires flight nurses to be prepared through educational programs to improve nursing activities and nursing management during air transportation.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.1323-1328
• /
• 2011

We herein report the development of an agarose-gel-immobilized recombinant bacterial biosensor simple system for the field monitoring of phenolic compounds. Escherichia coli cells harboring the pLZCapR plasmid, which was previously designed to express the ${\beta}$-galactosidase reporter gene in the presence of phenolic compounds, were co-immobilized with a substrate [chlorophenol red ${\beta}$-galactopyranoside (CPRG) in agarose gel, and dispensed to the wells of a 96-well plate. Field samples were added to the wells and color development was monitored. In the presence of 5 ${\mu}M$ to 10 mM of phenol, the biosensor developed a red (representing hydrolysis of CPRG) color. Other phenolic compounds were also detected by this immobilized system, with the pattern resembling that previously reported for the corresponding non-immobilized biosensor. The immobilized cells showed optimum activity when the gel was simultaneously supplemented with 6% dimethyl formamide (DMF), 0.1% SDS and 10 mM $CaCl_2$. The immobilized biosensor described herein does not require the addition of a substrate or the use of unwieldy instruments or sample pretreatments that could complicate field studies.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.8
• /
• pp.558-566
• /
• 2017

Regular monitoring on experimental animal management found the fluctuation of ART outcome, which showed a necessity to explore whether superovulation treatment is responsible for such unexpected outcome. This study was subsequently conducted to examine whether superovulation treatment can preserve ultrastructural integrity and developmental competence of oocytes following oocyte activation and embryo culture. A randomized study using mouse model was designed and in vitro development (experiment 1), ultrastructural morphology (experiment 2) and functional integrity of the oocytes (experiment 3) retrieved after PMSG/hCG injection (superovulation group) or not (natural ovulation; control group) were evaluated. In experiment 1, more oocytes were retrieved following superovulation than following natural ovulation, but natural ovulation yielded higher (p < 0.0563) maturation rate than superovulation. The capacity of mature oocytes to form pronucleus and to develop into blastocysts in vitro was similar. In experiment 2, a notable (p < 0.0186) increase in mitochondrial deformity, characterized by the formation of vacuolated mitochondria, was detected in the superovulation group. Multivesicular body formation was also increased, whereas early endosome formation was significantly decreased. No obvious changes in other microorganelles, however, were detected, which included the formation and distribution of mitochondria, cortical granules, microvilli, and smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. In experiment 3, significant decreases in mitochondrial activity, ATP production and dextran uptake were detected in the superovulation group. In conclusion, superovulation treatment may change both maturational status and functional and ultrastuctural integrity of oocytes. Superovulation effect on preimplantation development can be discussed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.769-777
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The study was to promote patient safety by analyzing the effect of dental hygienist's perception of patient safety culture on infection control activities. Methods: The study is based on a survey of 377 dental hygienists in total working in dental settings. The questionnaire consisted of 119 questions, including 34 questions on perception of patient safety culture, and 85 questions on infection control activities. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the perception of patient safety culture and infection control activities. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0, and p<0.05 was adopted to decide on significance. Results: The longer dental hygienists have worked n the dental settings, the more active they become in infection control activities. Among the different types of dental care settings, general (university) hospitals had the largest number of infection control activities, followed by dental clinics, and network dental clinics, in descending order. The dental settings possessing a higher number of dental hygienists were found to conduct more infection control activities than other dental settings. In addition, it was found that when a dental setting adopts a patient safety policy across all the units in the hospital, more systems and procedures for patient safety tend to be established, and that stricter management response to error leads to improvement of infection control activities. Conclusions:In order to enhance infection control activities, infection control activity programs should develop and implement periodic reinforcement of infection control education. regular monitoring of infection control activities.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.223-229
• /
• 2019

The number of knee-related disease patients and knee joint surgeries is steadily increasing every year, and for knee rehabilitation training for these knee joint patients, it is necessary to strengthen the muscle of vastus medialis and quadriceps femoris. However, because of the cost and time-consuming difficulties of receiving regular hospital treatment in the course of knee rehabilitation, we developed knee exoskeleton using rapid prototype for knee rehabilitation with feedback from the electromyogram (EMG) and inertia motion unit (IMU) sensor. The modules was built on the basis of EMG and an IMU sensor applied complementary filter, measuring muscle activity in the vastus medialis and the range of joint operation of the knee, and then performing the game based on this measurement. The IMU sensor performed up to 97.2% accuracy in experiments with ten subjects. The functional game contents consisted of an exergaming platform based on EMG and IMU for the real-time monitoring and performance assessment of personalized isometric and isotonic exercises. This study combined EMG and IMU-based functional game with knee rehabilitation training to enable voluntary rehabilitation training by providing immediate feedback to patients through biometric information, thereby enhancing muscle strength efficiency of rehabilitation.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2013

Communication Ocean Meteorological Satellite (COMS) has the hybrid mission of meteorological observation, ocean monitoring, and telecommunication service. The COMS is located at $128.2{\circ}$ east longitude on the geostationary orbit and currently under normal operation service since April 2011. In order to perform the three missions, the COMS has 3 separate payloads, the meteorological imager (MI), the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), and the Ka-band communication payload. The satellite controls for the three mission operations and the satellite maintenance are done by the real-time operation which is the activity to communicate directly with the satellite through command and telemetry. In this paper the real-time operation for COMS is discussed in terms of the ground station configuration and the characteristics of daily, weekly, monthly, seasonal, and yearly operation activities. The successful real-time operation is also confirmed with the one year operation results for 2011 which includes both the latter part of the In-Orbit-Test (IOT) and the first year normal operation of the COMS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2015.10a
• /
• pp.1822-1825
• /
• 2015

본 논문에서는 운동 전후 또는 심장 질환과 관련 있는 사용자가 체중을 측정하면서 동시에 심전도 신호를 측정하여 운동 부하에 따른 심장의 활동 상태를 모니터링 할 수 있는 장치를 고안하였다. 이를 위한 방법으로 체중계에 수정된 바이폴라 금속전극을 적용하여 표준사지 측정법을 이용하여 심장활동 신호를 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 체중계에서 심전도를 측정하기 위해 기존의 Ag-AgCl 전극이 아닌 금속 판 형태의 전극을 사용하였으며 이를 위해 입력 임피던스의 설계를 브릿지 형의 AC-Coupling 회로를 통해 높은 CMRR이 유지되도록 설계하였다. 또한 시시각각 변화하는 노이즈를 제거하기 위해 Savitzky-golay filter를 사용하였으며 이를 통해 Baseline wandering 이 제거된 최종 심장활동 신호를 획득하였다. R-peak 검출을 통해 기준신호와의 심박수 및 Sensitivity의 비교평가를 수행하여 이 장치의 성능을 평가한 결과 심박 검출률의 평균 Sensitivity가 97.1%로 나타났다. 동잡음 제거에 대한 알고리즘이 보다 최적화 되어 최종 출력 신호의 안정성이 향상 된다면 체중계를 통한 심박 검출의 가능성과 그 유효성이 충분할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 1990

To assess the role of multiple factors in influencing occurrence of ventricular premature complexes after acute myocardial infarction twenty-four hour Holter electrocardiographic tape recording were made in 40 survivors of an acute myocardial infarction 10 to 20 days after attack. Ventricular premature complexes were found in 72.5percent of the patients. The incidence and grade of ventricular premature complexes in the early postinfarction period were not correlated with left ventricular function, age, sex, smoking, dibetes mellitus, previous angina, and previous myocardial infarction. The occurrence of ventricular premature complexes showed a positive correlation with the occurrence of ST-T change. The occurrence of ventricular premature complexes during sleep hours was compared to the awake state. In 22 patients. the incidence of ventricular premature complexes was reduced during sleep. If patients free of ectopic activity during 24-hour monitoring sessions are excluded from analysis, the 22 of patients, or in 76percent, sleep was associated with a lowered occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.427-432
• /
• 2019

Objectives: In Indonesia, 61 million adults smoked in 2018, and 59 million were exposed to secondhand smoke at offices or restaurants in 2011. The Presidential Decree 109/2012 encouraged local governments to implement a smoke-free policy (SFP), and the city of Jayapura enacted a local bill (1/2015) to that effect in 2015. This study aimed to evaluate compliance with this bill and to explore challenges in implementing it. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study. Quantitatively, we assessed compliance of facilities with 6 criteria (per the bill): the presence of signage, the lack of smoking activity, the lack of sale of tobacco, the lack of tobacco advertisements, the lack of cigarette smoke, and the lack of ashtrays. We surveyed 192 facilities, including health facilities, educational facilities, places of worship, government offices, and indoor and outdoor public facilities. Qualitatively, we explored challenges in implementation by interviewing 19 informants (government officers, students, and community members). Results: The rate of compliance with all 6 criteria was 17% overall, ranging from 0% at outdoor public facilities to 50% at health facilities. Spatial patterning was absent, as shown by similar compliance rates for SFP facilities within a 1-km boundary around the provincial and city health offices compared to those outside the boundary. Implementation challenges included (1) a limited budget for enforcement, (2) a lack of support from local non-governmental organizations and universities, (3) a lack of public awareness at the facilities themselves, and (4) a lack of examples set by local leaders. Conclusions: Overall compliance was low in Jayapura due to many challenges. This information provides lessons regarding tobacco control policy in underdeveloped areas far from the central government.