• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1995

Coping patterns were investigated in a sample of 126 patients with chronic low back pain by means of self-reported questionnaire. Based on the previous researches, coping pat terns were divided into the active cognitive coping, the active behavioral coping, the passive cognitive coping, and the passive behavioral coping. While all the above coping patterns were used, the passive behavioral coping was found to be used most frequently. Six subgroups were identified by cluster analytic procedure using their scores of the coping scale : active cognitive coper, general active coper, passive behavioral coper, general passive coper, multidimensional coper, and multi dimensional non-coper. Six subgroups were compared regarding locus of control, self-efficacy, pain and demographic variables. Distinct differences appeared among subgroups in internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and pain. General active coper and active cognitive coper had higher internal locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and lower pain. General passive coper and multidimensional non-coper had lower internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. Passive behavioral coper had higher internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. It supports the concept of learned helplessness due to prior experiences. Multi dimensional coper had higher internal, higher powerful others, and higher self-efficacy. So it corresponds to 'believer in control' group Identified by Wallston et at(1982). Unexpectedly this group also complained more pain. It could be interpreted in two ways. The more coping methods they use, the more they complain pain ; which is the result of Folkman et al (1986). Or they might be typical 'yea sayers'. These unique groups-passive behavioral coper and multidimensional coper-identified by this study supports the suggestion of Wallston et al(1982), about locus of control : individual's pattern of responses across the three scales may be more predictive than his or her scores on each of the scale seperately. The fact that passive coping was used more than active coping also suggests that self controlled active co ping is encouraged to chronic patients as well as acute patients. And it is necessary to articulate the coping scale and self-efficacy scale. It is also necessary to study the relationship of coping and adjustment by experimental design.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.286-291
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of self-volar gliding combined with a strap and wrist distraction on pain and the active and passive wrist extension range of motion (ROM) in subjects with dorsal wrist pain during partial weight bearing of the hand. Methods: Thirty subjects (14 males and 16 females) with dorsal wrist pain during partial weight bearing through the hand participated in this study. The two different self-volar gliding techniques were performed for each group. Self-volar gliding using a strap (SVGS) and SVGS and wrist distraction (SVGSD) were performed five times for one week for each group. The active and passive ROM of wrist extension and the peak pressure pushed by the hand at pain (PPHP) were measured. An independent t-test was used to compare the improvements of these elements between the two different self-volar gliding techniques. The level of statistical significance was at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The active and passive ROM of wrist extension and PPHP were greater in both self-volar gliding groups after the one week intervention. On the other hand, these parameters were greater in the SVGSD group than in the SVGS group (p<0.05) Conclusion: SVGSD is recommended to improve the active and passive ROM of wrist extension and PPHP in subjects with dorsal wrist pain during partial weight bearing of the hand.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.781-788
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• 2011

This paper proposes a boost-input self-driven active clamp ZVS converter eliminating the extra dirve circuit for the active clamp switch. The converter used the auxiliary winding of the transformer to drive the active clamp switch and to achieve asymmetrical duty control. This paper presents the operation principle and the analyzed results of dynamic characteristics including steady state characteristics of the converter proposed. The experimental results were used to verify the theoretical predictions. A 300W (15V/20A) prototype converter that only exhibited 2-turn winding number in the auxiliary winding was sufficient to drive the active clamp switch on the input voltage of 80V. Finally, the maximum efficiency of 91.2% was achieved for the prototype converter and the proposed converter had stable closed loop characteristic with phase margin $55^{\circ}$.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.5C no.3
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• pp.115-118
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• 2005

Currently, molecular devices are reported utilizing active self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing the nitro group as the active component, which has active redox centers [1]. SAMs are ordered molecular structures formed by the adsorption of an active surfactant on a solid surface. The molecules will be spontaneously oriented toward the substrate surface and form an energetically favorable ordered layer. During this process, the surface-active head group of the molecule chemically reacts with and chemisorbs onto the substrate In this paper, the electrical properties of the 4'4- di(ethynylphenyl)-2'-nitro-1-benzenethiolate was confirmed. This material is well known as a conducting molecule having possible application to molecular level negative differential resistance (NDR) device. To deposit the self-assembly monolayers onto the gold electrode, the prefabricated Au(1 l l) substrates were immersed into 0.5[mM/l] self-assembly molecule in THF solution. Then, the electrical properties and surface morphologies of 4' 4-di(ethynylphenyl)-2' -nitro-1-benzenethiolate were measured by using the ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM).

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2015.03a
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• pp.76-82
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• 2015

Active matter는 스스로 에너지를 가지고 움직이는 개체들이 서로 상호작용을 하여 집단적인 움직임을 보이는 물질이다. Rotational noise model은 반발 상호작용과 rotational noise를 가지고 있는 self-propelled particle로 active matter를 설명한다. 이 연구에서는 rotational noise model에서의 상 도표와 클러스터 형성을 알아보고 입자들의 집단적인 운동을 도와주거나 방해할 수 있는 leader 입자와 seed가 클러스터의 운동에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아본다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.1946-1958
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• 2011

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is made up of a number of sensor nodes and base stations. Traffic flow in WSN appears self-similar due to its data delivery process, and this impacts queue length greatly and makes queuing delay worse. Active queue management can be designed to improve QoS performance for WSN. In this paper, we propose self-similar traffic rate estimating algorithm named Power-Law Moving Averaging (PLMA) to regulate packet marking probability. This algorithm improves the availability of the rate estimation algorithm under the self-similar traffic condition. Then, we propose an adaptive Proportional Integral algorithm (SSPI) based on the estimation of the Self-Similar traffic rate by PLMA. Simulation results show that SSPI can achieve lower queue length jitter and smaller setting time than PI.

• 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Job search research has been criticized for failing to study the dynamics and change of the job search process. A lot of previous researches have used cross-sectional designs and treated job search as a static process. As a result, job search research has failed to examine how job seekers' behaviors change during the course of their search. This paper examined changes In job search behaviors(preparatory and active job search behavior, and job search intensity) and the effects of individual difference variables(self-esteem, self-efficacy, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness) on job search behaviors. Data were gathered from 404 university students who had not found employment at the time of beginning of second semester The results of t-test pairs indicated that job seeking students increased their preparatory job search behavior and active job search behavior, but didn't job search intensity. The results of multiple regression showed that self-efficacy had strong relationship with preparatory and active job search behavior, and job search intensity, but self-esteem had not any relationship with them. Among big-5 personality, extroversion had relationship with active job search behavior and job search intensity, and agreeableness only with job search intensity.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.202-215
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• 2013

This paper proposes a SEPIC-input, self-driven, active clamp ZVS converter, where an auxiliary winding and a RC delay circuit are employed to drive the active clamp switch and to achieve asymmetrical duty control without any other extra circuits. Based on the fixed dead time and the resonance between capacitors and inductors, both the main switch and the auxiliary switch can rule the ZVS operation. Detailed operation modes are presented to illustrate the self-driven and ZVS principles. Furthermore, an accurate state-space model and the transfer functions of the proposed converter have been presented and analyzed in order to optimize dynamic performance. The model provides efficient prediction of converter operations. Experimental results, based on a prototype with 80V input and 15V/20A output, are discussed to verify the transient and steady performance of the proposed converter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.33
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• pp.41-54
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to find out the relationships between clothing style pre-ferences and self-image and to examine the differences in clothing style preferences ac-cording to marital status educational level and social stratification of women. The drawings of clothing style were designed referring to the catalogues for spring/summer of 1996 and printed by computer 6 styles of suit corresponding to clothing image were selected. Style A is a brown suit decorated with scarf style B a grey suit with stripes C a yellow suit with printed pattern D a grey and beige suit E a chanel suit decorated with corsage and F a blue suit with pleated skirt. The self-image was separated to the actual self-image and the ideal self-image. Samples were 226 women(ages 18 to 37) in Seoul Korea. The results of the study were the followings. 1. Clothing images of 6 styles were estimated; Style A was plain conservative formal and gentle image ; B masculine solid actual dark and plain image; C feminine romantic bright and splendid image; D actual ordinary un-fashionable and plain image; E feminine ten-der romantic and non-active image ; F indi-vidual fshionable open casual sprightly and active image. 2. There were significant relationships be-tween clothing style preferences and realistic self-image. The women who considered them-selves as masculine preferred style B mascu-line and plain image. The women feminine and conservative preferred style E feminine and tender image. The women not to follow the fshion preferred style D ordinary and plain image. The women informal and open pre-ferred the style F casual and active image. 3. There were significant relationships be-tween clothing style preferences and ideal self-image. The women who wanted to be-tween clothing style preferences and ideal self-image. The women who wanted to be con-sidered themselves as feminine and conserva-tive preferred style E feminine and tender im-age. The women who wanted gentle and con-servative preferred style D ordinary and plain image. The women who wanted sprightly pre-ferred the style F casual and active image. 4. There were significant differences in clothing style preferences according to marital status educational level and social stratifi-cation. The women with more eduacation pre-ferred the splendid and the plain image at the same time. The upper class preferred feminine image and lower class casual and active image.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-186
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the structural analysis of the relationships among principals and fellow teacher's emotional support, teacher's active motivation for choosing the teaching profession, self-leadership, and child care efficacy and commitment. Methods: Data were collected from 465 child care teachers and analyzed by means of structural equational modeling(SEM). Results: First, principals and fellow teacher' emotional support was found to have a direct effect on teacher's child care commitment, as well as an indirect effect through teacher's self-leadership. Second, teacher's active motivation for choosing the teaching profession was found to have a direct effect on teacher's child care commitment, as well as an indirect effect through self-leadership and child care efficacy. Third, teacher's self-leadership was found to have a direct effect on teacher's child care commitment, as well as an indirect effect through child care efficacy. Fourth, teacher's child care efficacy was to found have a direct effect on teacher's child care commitment. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for a great deal of utility to improve teacher's child care commitment.