• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.184-192
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• 1998

This study was done to examine the correlations between weight, BMI and risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women in their forties and fifties. The subjects were 412 adults. who had regular health examinations between January and December of 1996 at S-Hospital in Seoul. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are as follows : 1. The men between 50 and 59 years of age had higher levels for BMI, weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, plasminogen activator-1, and hemoglobin A,C than the group of women in their forties. Yet. HDL-cholesterol was lower than in the former group. 2. In the group of men in their forties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1(r=.35) HDL-cholesterol(r=-.19). Their BMI was significantly correlted to systolic blood pressure(r=.27), diastolic blood pressure (r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.23), LDL-cholesterol (r=.26), plasminogen activator-1(r=.36) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.25). 3. As for the group of women in their forties weight was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.20), diastolic blood pressure(r=.22), triglyceride(r=.32) , plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (r=.30) and HDL-cholesterol(r= -.37). Their BMI was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure (r=.25) triglyceride(r=.47), plasminogen activator-1 (r=.35), fibrinogen(r=.27) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.47). 4. In the group of men in their fifties. weight was significantly correlated to total cholesterol (r=32), LDL-cholesterol(r=.29). plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(r=.26). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.24), diastolic blood pressure (r=.22), total cholesterol (r=.34), LDL-cholesterol (r=.32), and plasminogen activator-1(r=.25). 5. In the group of women in their fifties, weight was significantly correlated to diastolic blood pressure(r=.33), total cholesterol(r=.21), LDL-cholesterol(r=.20), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (r=.43) and HDL-cholesterol(r=-.21). Their BMI was significantly correlated to systolic blood pressure(r=.25), diastolic blood pressure(r=.40), total cholesterol(r=.24), LDL-cholesterol(r=.24), triglyceride(r=22), and HDL-cholesterol (r=-.30). The above findings indicate that the BMI was more predictive than weight as a risk factor for coronary artery disease for men and women in their forties and fifties.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 고로슬래그 미분말-제올라이트로 구성된 지오폴리머 페이스트의 알칼리계 활성화제(Ca(OH)₂, CSA)의 종류 및 첨가량에 따른 압축강도 및 화학적 조성의 변화와 CO₂ 포집량을 비교평가 하였다. 지오폴리머 페이스트에 첨가되는 알칼리계 활성화제의 첨가량이 증가할수록 굳기 전 페이스트의 유동성은 감소하였으며, 압축강도가 증가하였다. 활성화제 종류에 따른 평가 결과, CSA보다 Ca(OH)₂를 첨가하는 것이 압축강도 향상 효과가 큰 것으로 확인되었다. CO₂ 양생에 따른 화학적특성의 변화를 비교평가 한 결과, 모든 실험 수준에서 알칼리계 활성화제의 첨가량이 증가할수록 탄산화 전 C-S-H, C-A-S-H gel의 생성량이 증가하였으며, 탄산화 이후 CaCO₃ 생성량이 증가하였다. 알칼리계 활성화제 첨가로 인하여 고로슬래그 미분말과 제올라이트의 반응성이 증가하였으며, 첨가량이 증가할수록 반응성도 증가하는 경향이 나타났다. 열중량 분석결과, 알칼리계 활성화제의 첨가량이 증가할수록 CO₂ 양생에 따른 CaCO₃ 분해구간 에서의 질량감소율이 증가하였으며, 10 % 첨가 시 Ca(OH)₂의 경우 10.3 wt%, CSA의 첨가 시 8.77 w%의 CO₂ uptake가 발생하였으며, 활성화제를 첨가하지 않은 경우보다 각 4.21배, 3.88배 증가한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1996

본 연구는 II급 및 III급 부정교합자를 대상으로 activator사용에 따른 각 근육의 적응 및 변화양상을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 본 연구의 대상은 성장 발육기에 있는 아동중 II급 부정교합자 15명과 III급 부정교합자 17명으로 기능적 요인을 갖고있는 자로 선정하였고, 연구방법은 전측두근(T.A.), 교근(M.M.), 후측두근(T.P.), 악이복근 전복(D.A.)의 활성도를 알아보고자 $Biopak^{TM}$ program 과 쌍극표면전극을 이용하여 activator 치료 시작시기와 사용후 6-12개월 사이의 두차례에 걸쳐 안정위, 연하시, clenching등 세가지 조건에서 근활성도를 측정하여 비교해본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. II급 및 III급 부정교합자와 정상교합자의 근활성도를 비교한 결과 안정위시와 연하시 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 clenching시 교근과 후측두근에서는 차이를 나타내었다. 치료전 근활성도가 정상보다 작은 군은 유의성 있는 증가를, 큰 군은 유의성 있는 감소를 보이는 등 대부분의 근육이 일정한 경향을 나타내었고, 이러한 경향은 III급 부정교합군에서 전측두근(연하시), 후측두근(clenching시), 악이복근 전복(연하시, clenching시)을 제외하고 모두에서 보였으며 II급 부정교합군에서는 전측두근(연하시), 교근(안정위, 연하시), 후측두근(clenching시)에서만 관찰되었다. 그러나 이러한 경향은 clenching시에서 감소되었다. II급 부정교합군과 III급 부정교합군과의 근활성도 비교에서 안정위시는 III급 부정교합군의 근활성도 증가율이 II급 부정교합군보다 우세했고, 연하시에는 교근을 제외하고 II급 부정교합군이, clenching시에는 역시 II급 부정교합군이 악이복근 전복을 제외하고 우세하게 나타났다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 알칼리 자극제의 종류 및 치환율이 고로슬래그 미분말 모르타르의 압축강도에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 알칼리 자극제의 종류는 NaOH, $Ca(OH)_2$, $Na_2SO_4$, KOH의 4수준이며, 치환율은 각각 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15%의 4수준으로 설정하였다. 실험결과, 재령 1일의 표준, 고온양생조건에서 NaOH, KOH가 $Ca(OH)_2$, $Na_2SO_4$에 비해 압축강도의 발현이 크게 나타났다. 알칼리 자극제의 종류에 관계없이 pH가 높을수록 압축강도도 높게 나타나는 경향을 나타냈으며 이는 슬래그가 물과 접하면 슬래그 입자표면에 불투수성 피막이 형성되는데 이러한 불투수성 피막을 알칼리 자극제가 파괴시켜 수화반응을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단된다. 또한 1일 재령의 경우에는 고온양생의 압축강도가 표준양생의 압축강도에 비해 다소 높게 나타났으며 재령 28일의 경우에는 고온양생의 압축강도가 표준양생의 압축강도와 비슷하거나 다소 낮은 결과를 보였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.511-523
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• 1995

Elastic Open Activator(E.O.A.)는 myodynamic activator의 일종으로서 장치의 아크릴 부위의 대폭적인 크기 감소로 환자가 거부감 없이 장시간 착용할 수 있는 장점을 가지며, 구강내에서 매우 느슨하게 장착되므로써 보다 적극적인 근기능 자극 효과를 나타내고, 구강 내외의 제 기능시 발휘되는 생리적인 힘을 효율적으로 치조골 및 악관절부에 전달시킨다. 특히 기능모체(functional matrix)를 효과적으로 차단하는 동시에 능동적으로 자극함으로써 많은 부정교합 증례에서 비발치에 의한 교정치료의 성공률을 높이는 것으로 사료된다. 이 연구는 혼합치열기 및 초기 영구치열기의 II급 부정교합 환자에게 사용된 E.0.A.의 치료효과를 구명하기 위하여 시행되었으며 경희의료원 교정과에 내원하여 II급 1류 및 2류 부정교합으로 진단되었던 각각 9명과 5명의 치료 전후 cephalogram 및 석고모형을 비교분석한 후 결과를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상악골은 두 군 모두에서 정상적인 성장 양태를 유지하였다. 2. 하악골은 두 군 모두에서 크게 전하방 성장되었다. 3. 상악 전치는 II급 1류 부정교합자에서는 설측, II급 2류 부정교합자에서는 순측 경사되었고 두 군 모두에서 상하악 전치부 치조골 수직 성장이 억제되었다. 4. 하악 전치는 두 군 모두에서 약간 순측 경사되었다. 5. 두 군 모두에서 상, 하악 치궁의 확장이 일어났으며 II급 2류 부정교합자에서 가용 공극의 길이가 증가되었다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2017

The electroless plating process largely consists of substrate cleaning, seed formation (activator formation), and electroless plating. The most widely used activator in the seed formation step is Pd, and Sn ions are used to facilitate the formation of this Pd seed layer. This is problematic because the Sn ions interfere with the reduction of Cu ions during electroless plating; thus, the Sn ions must be removed by a hydrochloric acid cleaning process. This method is also expensive due to the use of Pd. In this study, Cu electroless plating was performed by forming a seed layer using a silver nanosol instead of Pd and Sn. The effects of the Ag nanosol concentration in the pretreatment solution and the pretreatment time on the thickness and surface morphology of the Cu layer were investigated. The degrees of adhesion to the substrate were similar for the electroless-plated Cu layers formed by conventional Pd activation and those formed by the Ag nanosol.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.735-742
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• 1997

Class II malocclusion can be treated via early orthopedic, orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery with orthodontic treatment. In the mixed dentition, early orthopedic treatment can be used. Especially, in the case of mandibular retrognathism, the functional appliances can be used, and in the case of maxillary protrusion is combined, they can be used together with headgear. After using activator and activator combined with headgear to the class II malocclusion paitent in the mixed dentition, the results were as follows: 1. Lateral profile was improved, and lower face height was increaed. 2. Overjet was decreased, and molar relationship was changed to class I molar relationship. 3. Growth can be undisturbed, and the aggravation of malocclusion can be prevented to make the 2nd phase orthodontic treatment be much easier.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.893-904
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• 2006

To improve sensitivity of biosensor as yeast two-hybrid detection system for estrogenic activity of suspected chemicals, we tested effects of several combinations of the bait and fish components in the two-hybrid system on Saccharomyces cerevisiae inducted a chromosome-integrated lacZ reporter gene that was under the control of CYC1 promoter and the upstream Gal4p-binding element $UAS_{GAL}$. The bait components that were fused with the Gal4p DNA binding domain are full-length human estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ and its ligand-binding domain. The fish components that were fused with the Gal4p transcriptional activation domain were nuclear receptor-binding domains of co-activators SRC1 and TIF2. We found that the combination of the full-length human estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ with the nuclear receptor-binding domain of co-activator SRC1 was most effective for the estrogen-dependent induction of reporter activity among the two-hybrid systems so far reported. The relative strength of transcriptional activation by representative natural and xenobiotic chemicals was well correlated with their estrogenic potency that had been reported with other assay systems.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.566-571
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• 1997

To gain further insight into how estrogens modulate cell function, the effects of estrogen on cell proliferation were studied inhuman breast cancer cells. We examined the effects of estrogen on the proliferation of three human breast cancer cell lines that differed in their estrogen receptor contents. Ten nM estradiol markedly stimulated the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that contained high levels of estrogen receptor $1.15{\pm}0.03 pmole/mg protein)$(over that of control. In T47D cells that contained low levels of estrogen receptor $0.23{\pm}0.05 pmole/mg protein)$, Ten nM estrogen slightly stimulated the proliferation over that of control. MDA-MB-231 cells, that contained no detectable levels of estrogen receptors, had their growth unaffected by estrogen. These results showed their sensitivity to growth stimulation by estrogen correlated well with their estrogen receptor content. Also we examined the effect of estrogen on cellular progesterone receptor level as well as plasminogen activator activity in MCF-7 cells. Ten nM estradiol showed maximal stimulation of progesterone receptor level as well as plasminogen activator activity in MCF-7 cells. It is not clear whether these stimulations of progesterone receptor and plasminogen activator activity by estrogen are related to the estrogen stimulation of cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Studies with estrogen in human breast cancer cells in culture indicate that sensitivity to growth stimulation by estrogen correlates well with estrogen receptor contents.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2017

$BiNbO_4:RE^{3+}$ (RE = Dy, Eu, Sm, Tb) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction at $1100^{\circ}C$ and their structural, photoluminescent, and morphological properties were investigated. XRD patterns exhibited that all the synthesized phosphors exhibited a triclinic system with a dominant (210) diffraction peak, irrespective of the type of activator ions. The surface morphologies of rare-earth-ion-doped $BiNbO_4$ phosphors were found to depend strongly on the type of activator ions. The $Eu^{3+}$ and $Dy^{3+}$ doped $BiNbO_4$ phosphors revealed a strong red (613 nm) emission resulting from the $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$ transition of $Eu^{3+}$ and a dominant yellow (575 nm) emission originating from the $^4F_{9/2}{\rightarrow}^6H_{13/2}$ transition of $Dy^{3+}$ respectively, which were the electric dipole transitions, indicating that the activator ions occupy sites of non-inversion symmetry in the $BiNbO_4$ phosphor. The main reddish-orange emission spectra of $Sm^{3+}$-doped $BiNbO_4$ phosphors were due to the $^4G_{5/2}{\rightarrow}^6H_{7/2}$ (607 nm) magnetic dipole transition, indicating that the $Sm^{3+}$ ions were located at inversion symmetry sites in the $BiNbO_4$ host lattice. As for $Tb^{3+}$-doped phosphors, green emission was obtained under excitation at 353 nm and its CIE chromaticity coordinates were (0.274, 0.376). These results suggest that multicolor emission can be achieved by changing the type of activator ions incorporated into the $BiNbO_4$ host crystal.