• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2022

본 연구는 어린이 장난감 디자인에서 인터랙티브 체험이론을 기반으로 한 어린이 교육 장난감의 인터랙티브 체험을 연구하고자 한다. 그러므로 한국의 인기 어린이 교육 장난감에 대한 사례를 제품디자인 제작 기반에 의거하여 분석하였다. 또한, 사용자 체험모델을 근거로 한국의 인기 어린이 교육 장난감에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 장난감 순위에 따른 1~3위 어린이 교육 장난감은 스마트 기술을 접목한 장난감으로 나타났다. 감각, 감성, 사고, 행동, 관련 그리고 경험을 중심으로 연구한 바, 인터랙티브 체험에 대한 만족도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해, 향후 어린이 스마트 장난감의 인터랙티브 체험 디자인을 위한 이론적 기초를 제공하고자 한다. 또한, 어린이의 건강한 심신과 심리발달에 더 알맞은 제품을 디자인하기 위한 기반이 되기를 희망한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

사회과에서는 학생들이 주제를 정해 스스로 계획을 세워 조사하고, 사회를 탐구해가며 조사 보고서를 정리해가는 능력을 중요시 여겨왔으며, 교육 현장에서 가장 많이 사용되는 사회과 수행평가 방법도 조사 보고서 방법이다. 하지만 대부분의 학습자들은 '보고서를 작성해오라'는 지시를 받고, 뚜렷한 목표나 체계적인 형식 없이 보고서를 작성하고, 교사에게 제출한 후 학기말 평가 결과만을 일방향적으로 통보 받아왔다. 현 수행평가는 본질적인 의미에서 벗어나 단순히 결과만을 중시하던 기존의 평가를 유지하고 있는 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 수업의 한 과정으로서 평가가 이루어질 수 있는 웹 기반 수행평가 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 본 연구는 시스템을 기반으로 학생들이 다양한 자료를 탐색, 수집하여 일정한 형식에 보고서를 작성하고, 제시된 평가 관점에 의하여 동료평가를 한 후 평가 결과를 즉시 피드백하여 학습자간, 교사와 학습자간의 상호작용을 활성화시켜 학습 의욕을 고취시키고 평가의 질 향상을 목적으로 하였다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2002

Recently, the industrialized world is suffering from accidents referring from the lack of safety consciousness. According to Korean Safety Regulation Department(1996), students at junior high schools are mostly involved in safety accidents, and this is due to lack of safety consciousness. To prevent these accidents, we need to have safety consciousness and attitude. To make junior high school students who are mostly affected in these accidents act safely, they need to know their level of safety consciousness. The purpose of this study is to develop a guideline of measuring the scale of safety consciousness and analyze the relationship between safety education, accident experiences and safety consciousness. This study is based on a survey of 708 junior high students in Seoul, which was carried out from 12 November, 2001 to 21 November, 2001. 1. The main fields of safety consciousness are home safety, school safety, fire safety, emergency management based on documents. Home safety is again divided into facility safety and livelihood safety, school safety is divided into facility safety, livelihood safety and laboratory safety, traffic safety is divided into pedestrian safety, bicycling safety and public transportation safety, fire safety divided into prevention and escaping during fire breakouts, emergency management safety is divided into general principles and escaping during emergency situations. 2. The primary safety consciousness scale was made according to every field of safety consciousness. A preliminary examination based on the scale and a study of reliance and the factors was held. Based on these results, 27 questions which were concerned to be impairing reliability or lacking in factor were deleted on the secondary safety consciousness scale development The secondary safety consciousness scale which constituted of 73 questions was put into another preliminary study and after analyzing reliability and the factors, 12 questions of low reliabilities were deleted and with these results, the third scale were made consisting of 61 questions. 3. A study based on the third safety scale which is made of 61 questions, were held and with a analysis of the reliability and factors made, the relationship between safety education, accident experience and safety mind were examined. (1) The study of reliability and factors show that Cronbach's coefficient in home safety fields is .7598, in school safety .7924, in traffic safety .8306, in emergency treatment .7775, in fire safety .7247. The questions indicating low reliability were deleted. The factor analysis revealed that home safety is converged on facility safety and livelihood safety. But one question was deleted because it showed incongruence of validity. School safety was converged on facility safety, livelihood safety and laboratory safety. But 2 questions showed incongruence of validity and these were deleted. Traffic safety fields were converged on pedestrian safety, bicycle safety and public transportation safety. One question showing incongruence of validity was deleted. Emergency treatment fields converged on general principles and acting in emergency situations and three questions showing incongruence of validity were deleted. Fire safety was converged on prevention and acting in fire breakouts. Totally, eight questions were removed and the final scale were consisted of 53 questions (2) The 3/sup rd/ grade students scored higher average safety mind scales than 1st graders(p〈.05). And students who had high scores at school tend to have a higher scale than those who do not(p〈.001). (3) Average scale of students who had experience in safety education were higher(p〈.001). Students who had previously been involved in home safety accidents had a low score(p〈.001). This was same to students with experience in school safety accidents(p〈.001). Students with traffic safety accidents and fire safety accidents tend to have a lower scale too(p〈.05, p〈.001).

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2004

이 연구는 최근에 사회적 이슈가 되고 있는 교육방송의 과학 교육적 효율성과 목적 타당성을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 과학교육의 목적이 과학 지식의 습득뿐만 아니라 과학에 대한 상위인지의 향상에 있다고 보고 교육방송이 학습자의 과학에 관한 상위인지를 고차원화할 수 있는지를 2002년, 2003년에 걸쳐 학교의 행정적 차원에서 EBS교육방송을 1, 2학년 수업에 활용했던 ㅂ 고등학교를 통해 고찰하였다. 더 고등학교에서는 자료형 방송 활용 수업모형과 학습자 중심의 모형을 주로 활용하였으며, 따라서 학습자들은 수업을 통해 과학적 지식만을 습득할 뿐 상위인지를 고무시킬 수 있는 자극을 받지 못한다는 결과를 도출하였다. 교육방송이 과학교육에 효율적이고 타당하게 활용되기 위해서는 상위인지에 해당하는 상위지식, 경험. 모니터링이 적극적으로 수반되어야 한다. 이를 위해서 과학의 학습을 위한 교육방송에 매개되어야 하는 것은 첫째, 학습자들이 상위지식을 적극적으로 활성화할 수 있도록 교사가 자극하거나 관련 자료를 간헐적으로 상기시키는 조정이다. 둘째, 학습자들이 학습과정에서 자신의 개별 체험을 발동시킬 수 있도록 학습 내용을 유추할 수 있는 관련 실험을 실시해야 한다. 셋째, 학습자들이 자신의 학습을 모니터링할 수 있도록 교사는 적절한 질의를 제시하거나 피드백하고 학습자들의 대화의 장도 마련해야 한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of angle change of forefoot's adhesive outsole on the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the erector spinae and selected lower limbs muscle during downhill walking over $-20^{\circ}$ ramp. Thirteen male university students (age: $25.4{\pm}3.9$ yrs, height: $176.2{\pm}5.1$ cm, weight: $717.4{\pm}105.0$ N) who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited as the subjects. To assess the myoelectric activities of selected muscles, six of surface EMG electrodes with on-site pre-amplification circuitry were attached to erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and medial gastrocnemius (MG). To obtain maximum EMG levels of the selected muscles for normalization, five maximum effort isometric contraction were performed before the experimental trials. Each subject walked over $0^{\circ}$ and $20^{\circ}$ ramp with three different forefeet's EVA outsole (0, 10, $20^{\circ}$) in random order at a speed of $1.2{\pm}0.1$ m/s. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the recording. The results of this study showed that the average muscle activities of MG and LG decreased in $20^{\circ}$ shoes compared to $0^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ ones in the initial double limb stance (IDLS). In initial single limb stance (ISLS) phase, the average muscle activities of ES increased with the angle of forefoot's adhesive outsole, indicating that the increment of shoes' angle induce upper body to flex anteriorly in order to maintain balance of trunk. In terminal double limb stance (TDLS) phase, average muscle activities of TA significantly increased in $20^{\circ}$ outsole compared to $0^{\circ}$ and $10^{\circ}$ ones. There was no external forces acting on the right foot other than the gravity during terminal single limb stance (TSLS) phase, all muscles maintained moderate levels of activity.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.32-47
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• 2002

This study is a descriptive comparative investigated one to analyze nursing education system and curriculum of Korea and China trans-culturally. 1) Education System The basic level of nursing education in Korea consisted of 65 3-year- junior college of nursing (7379 students) and 48 4-year-bachelor of nursing college (2345 students) in 2000 showing more 3-year-junior college of nursing and its students. In China, western nursing as well as Chinese nursing education system were operating. In 2000, 501 western school of middle technical nursing, 29 school of middle technical nursing of middle level education, and 89 3-year western and 24 Chinese junior college of nursing, and 42 4-year western bachelor of nursing college and 10 Chinese of high level education have been established. The presence of Chinese school of middle technical nursing system seemed to be in slower development in nursing than Korea, but that of Chinese nursing education seemed to be advanced with its national identification prior to Korea. Post graduate continuous education for RN-Diploma and RN-BSN program has been opened as in Korea. The Hosa(護士) system in school of middle technical nursing in China reflects lower level of education than Korea. But it can be a merit, other than in Korea, without nurses aids, when they are acting under supervision of nurses and led by them, and there presents a special course for promotion up to high level education. Graduate school in Korea is divided into general type opening a curriculum for MS in 1960 and as of 2000, 21 general types for majoring in nursing. The PhD course in Korea was established in 1978, and after that the PhD courses have been opening in 14 universities at present. China established master degree course in 1991 and as of 7 colleges are ongoing, and the doctoral course is now under planning, resulting slower development than Korea. 2) Education of theory and clinical practice in Korea and Chine (1) Korea's 3-year junior nursing college have 51 subjects, 49 subjects in China, which was not different. China was following education of ideology and medical. 4-year Bachelor of Science College has 92 subjects in Korea with cultural subjects and essential major studies/elective in theory education in Korea, while 63 subjects in China, showed wider selection in Korea's education. (2) Korea's 3-year and 4-year nursing colleges performed clinical practice education parallel with theoretical education for a certain period, block or theory/practice system. While China's 3-year and 4 or 5-year-colleges educated the theory first and then practice for one year in the last grade, integrating each situation of the departments and the theory. (3) Korea's oriental nursing theory in nursing education was performed in 28 colleges of 65 nationwide ones of 3-year junior nursing colleges, but only one school was educating clinical practice. In 4-year bachelor of nursing colleges, the oriental nursing theory was done in 14 among 48 investigated. And 1-4 subjects of them were doing, and 4 schools performed of clinical practice, showing more reinforced than the junior colleges. China's 3-year and 4-5-year western nursing colleges taught two subjects of Chinese medicine nursing. China's 3-year & 4-5-year College of Chinese medicine nursing, theory of Chines medicine nursing education taught eight subjects. (4) 5-year colleges of Chinese medicine western integrated nursing, theory of Chinese medicine nursing education consisted of twelve Chinese medicine nursing subjects and two of Chinese medicine western integrated nursing subjects. China was tempting a new development of a pattern of Chinese medicine nursing subjects reinforced. 3) The verification of Korean and Chinese nurse's license. The verification test of Chinese nurses license is differentiated at the level of education other than in Korea. Expire date is 2 years and a qualified test must be done to a renewal. And the continuing education hours are 72 per year, which is more enforced than Korean nurses (10 hours a year). In accordance with WTO regulations, we should prepare for opening foreign hospital, educating oriental nursing subjects. And on this, it is recommendable to settle a basic frame research to run the oriental nursing practice ongoing. 1. It is desirable to develop the oriental nursing subjects to apply its idea to the western nursing and differentiate Korean nursing. 2. It is desirable to certify oriental nurse's characters, to expand and develop the nursing areas to practice it, and to establish the oriental nursing system. 3. It is expectable to promote Korean nursing specialization to develop the oriental nursing as a professional and to create its demand.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2001

The character of the educational tradition of Germany could be divided into two aspects. One is the humanistic liberal tendency and the other is vocational. From the beginning of the Twentieth Century, however, there has been an attempt to unify these two trends by the . Georg Kerschensteiner is the first of importance to make some comprehensive curriculum for this goal. In Kerschensteiner, the genuine education makes the individual assume his work and role in society, and to develop them by cultivating insight, will and power. His view is well expressed in the slogn "The vocational education is the beginning of the humanistic education." His goal is to make men of independence and autonomy through vocational education. The theory of Kerschensteiner's education is called 'general vocational education'. The reason why is that his vocational education concerns not just technical training for industry, but also general liberal arts. In this point, Kerschensteiner's point of view goes back to Wilhelm von Humboldt, neo-humanist afar in the first half of the Ninteenth Century, and to John Dewey, pragmatist in the contemporary age of Kerschensteiner. Kerschensteiner was much influenced by Humboldt's concepts of power and individuality. These concepts came to be embodied as a principle of vocational education in Kerschensteiner. Furthermore, Humboldt's concept of power could be associated with Dewey's theory of reflexive thinking. The power in Humboldt is to create spirit, which is connected with the world outside through language. The reflexive thinking of Dewey is a process that examines and selects some alternative thinking in the consciousness before acting. This process makes one find the method of problem-solving which results in behaviour. That is the experimental spirit or pragmatic behaviourism. These theories are reduced to the concept of 'work' in Kerschensteiner. And Kerschensteiner's theory of education that has both sides, humanistic and vocational, is similar to that of John Dewey. Dewey brings forward the idea that the vocational education is the best way to cultivate intelligence and emotion, as intelligence operates best in the life. The position of Dewey is in accord with that of Kerschensteiner who intends to cover experiences of various fields of society through practice-learning, and to have knowledge got from outside of school, refuting the misled trend of education isolated from real life. However, there is some difference between Kerschensteiner and Humbolt or Dewey. While the Neo-humanism of Humbolt and the pragmatic education of Dewey put emphasis rather on the liberal arts and culture of individuality, Kerschensteiner is concerned more with the work and life of the reality of society as a group. Kerschensteiner's concept of utility is related to education for the whole man and to the work of the individual and the nation as well as the will and power to practice it. The ideal man of utility of Kerschensteiner is to learn perfectly the value and behaviour of society through vocational life and to have right view of the state establishing a sound mutual relation between individual and state. Kerschensteiner is regarded as a devotee of 'the state of harmony' or 'the ideal of the state', as he makes the state as the criterion for defining the role of the individual. It can be said that Kerschensteiner is not a democrat of the American style as Dewey is, as he makes much of the value of the nation and state. However, he is a humanist and democrat in the point of vocational education. His purpose of education is to make whole men through work and vocational education.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제60권
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• pp.213-234
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• 2013

e-Trade 3.0 era which means the expansion of seamless e-Trade process into global business has been come. e-Trade is in the evolution stage with the reflection of time changes and IT development. Furthermore e-Trade marketing method of SMEs has been generalized. However, SMEs have not utilized e-Trade marketing very actively even if it has much benefits in exploring overseas marketing. In this regard this paper has cautiously suggested the strategic using plan of e-Marketplace and SNS along with policy improvement in order to promote extensive diffusion of e-Trade marketing. First of all, a comprehensive evaluation system has to be developed for the assessment of overseas marketing program and provide organized guideline including SMEs support system. Also e-Marketplace operation company is necessary to invent management system for supervising and detecting risk factors of participating firms and business model to share information which each e-Marketplace possesses through mutual connection. Finally, the effective supports such as short-term education and acting operation of initial account to use SNS strategically are needed and continuous contents development to adopt SNS is absolute.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

Resistance spot welding is widely used for joining sheet metals in the automotive manufacturing process. Recently, servo-gun is used to increase the productivity and precise control the acting force. However, force control mechanisms have not been investigated with servo-guns until now. In this paper, it is proved that servo-motor current is proportional to torque and by experiment, experimental equation between servo-motor current and electrode force was derived. Algorithm for feedback control of electrode force was suggested using current measurement. In addition, applying soft touch method to this system the impact between electrode and specimen, which is the problem of air gun, could be reduced. Indentation made the force decrease in holding time of resistance spot welding. In order to overcome this problem, force compensation using the servo gun was used and it improved weld strength in good welding current range.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2008

UMPC(Ultra Mobile Personal Computer)와 같은 최첨단 모바일 PC는 이동용이성과 실시간 의사소통 가능성 등의 특징과 동료학생과의 대화, 학습 자료의 자유로운 송부 및 공유 등과 같은 학습활동이 요구되는 학습 환경에서 그 가치를 크게 인정받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초등학교 5학년 과학시간에 한국학술정보원(KERIS)에서 제시한 u-러닝통합탐구모형을 중심으로 UMPC를 활용하는 수업을 전개하고, 학습 활동전개과정에서 의미 있는 요소를 찾아내어 UMPC가 u-러닝에서 의미 있는 역할을 하고 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구결과에서 UMPC의 역할은 수업전개에서 학습활동과 관계가 될 수 있는 요소로 활용되지만 학습활동 중에 교사와 지속적인 피드백이 있어야만 UMPC가 학습활동의 역할을 담당할 수 있었다.