• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.9-21
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a GNSS-based RF receiver, A high precision localization architecture, and a high sensitivity localization architecture in order to solve the satellite navigation system's problem mentioned above. The GNSS-based RF receiver model should have the structure to simultaneously receive both the conventional GPS and navigation information data of future-usable Galileo. As a result, it is constructed as the multi-band which can receive at the same time Ll band (1575.42MHz) of GPS and El band (1575.42MHz), E5A band (1207.1MHz), and E4B band (1176.45MHz) of Galileo This high precision localization architecture proposes a delay lock loop with the structure of Early_early code, Early_late code, Prompt code, Late_early code, and Late_late code other than Early code, Prompt code, and Late code which a previous delay lock loop structure has. As we suggest the delay lock loop structure of 1/4chips spacing, we successfully deal with the synchronization problem with the C/A code derived from inaccuracy of the signal received from the satellite navigation system. The synchronization problem with the C/A code causes an acquisition delay time problem of the vehicle navigation system and leads to performance reduction of the receiver. In addition, as this high sensitivity localization architecture is designed as an asymmetry structure using 20 correlators, maximizes reception amplification factor, and minimizes noise, it improves a reception rate. Satellite navigation system repeatedly transmits the same C/A code 20 times. Consequently, we propose a structure which can use all of the same C/A code. Since this has an adaptive structure and can limit(offer) the number of the correlator according to the nearby environment, it can reduce unnecessary delay time of the system. With the use of this structure, we can lower the acquisition delay time and guarantee the continuity of tracking.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2007

Among the nuclear medicine imaging methods available today, $H_2^{15}O-PET$ is most widely used by cognitive neuroscientists to examine regional brain function via the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The short half-life of the radioactively labeled probe, $^{15}O$, often allows repeated measures from the same subjects in many different task conditions. $H_2^{15}O-$ PET, however, has technical limitations relative to other methods of functional neuroimaging, e.g., fMRI, including relatively poor time and spatial resolutions, and, frequently, insufficient statistical power for analysis of individual subjects. However, recent technical developments, such as the 3-D acquisition method provide relatively good image quality with a smaller radioactive dosage, which in turn results in more PET scans from each individual, thus providing sufficient statistical power for the analysis of individual subject's data. Furthermore, the noise free scanner environment $H_2^{15}O$ PET, along with discrete acquisition of data for each task condition, are important advantages of PET over other functional imaging methods regarding studying state-dependent changes in brain activity. This review presents both the limitations and advantages of $^{15}O-PET$, and outlines the design of efficient PET protocols, using examples of recent PET studies both in the normal healthy population, and in the clinical population.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-38
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• 1999

The effects of Sahyangsohapwon on the affective reactivity of rats were studied with open-field behavior. Sample group was treated with the medicine for 8 weeks, whereas control group was treated with the vehicle. The effects of Sahyangsohapwon on the enhancement of learning and memory of AD model rats were studied with two-way avoidance task. Sample group electrically lesioned on nbM(nucleus basalis of Meynert) was treated with the medicine for 8 weeks, whereas control group with nbM lesion and sham group with the sham operation were treated with the vehicle. 1. In the open-field behavior task, the start latency from start box was measured $27.08{\pm}7.51sec$ in control group, $23.15{\pm}5.98sec$ in sample group. Rats in sample group showed a tendency of shortened latency going out to a strange place compared with those in control group, but with no statistical significance(p>0.05). 2. In the open-field behavior task, the number of locomotion crossing the grid lines was measured $84.54{\pm}3.55$ in control group, $116.93{\pm}6.41$ in sample group. There was an increased locomotion in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance(p<0.01). This can be interpreted as rats in sample group showed lowerd anxiety under a strange environment. 3. In the open-field behavior task, the rearing number was measured $7.46{\pm}0.57$ in control group, $10.13{\pm}0.95$ in sample group. There was an increased rearing in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance(p<0.05). This can also be interpreted as rats in sample group showed lowerd anxiety under a strange environment. 4. In the open-field behavior task, the number of crossing behavior was measured $5.54{\pm}1.50$ in control group, $9.20{\pm}1.67$ in sample group. There was a increasing tendency of crossing behavior in sample group compared with control group, but with no statistical significance(p<0.05). 5. In the open-field behavior task, the total activity was measured $97.54{\pm}4.70$ in control group, $136.27{\pm}792$ in sample group. There was an increased total activity in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance(p<0.01). This can also be interpreted as rats in sample group showed lowerd anxiety under a strange environment. 6. In the analysis of effects on the learning and memory in AD model rats with two-way avoidance task, the response latency was measured $6717{\pm}134msec$ in the 1st session, $5416{\pm}160msec$ in the 2nd session, $5252{\pm}148msec$ in the 3rd session in control group. It was measured $6724{\pm}155msec$ in the 1st session, $4642{\pm}139msec$ in the 2nd session, $4914{\pm}148msec$ in the 3rd session in sample group and $4357{\pm}144msec$ in the 1st session, $3125{\pm}115msec$ in the 2nd session, $3091{\pm}98msec$ in the 3rd session in sham group. There were differences between sham group and nbM lesioned groups with statistical significance in post hoc analysis(p<0.000). And in the 2nd session, there was a reduction of latency in sample group compared with control group with statistical significance (p<0.000). This showed that sample group had better learning capacity than control group. 7. In the analysis of effects on the learning and memory in AD model rats with two-way avoidance task, the number of avoidance response was measured $5.85{\pm}1.41$ in the 1st session, $14.23{\pm}2.89$ in the 2nd session, $15.69{\pm}2.56$ in the 3rd session in control group. It was measured $7.92{\pm}1.94$ in the 1st session, $16.83{\pm}2.29$ in the 2nd session, $15.42{\pm}2.81$ in the 3rd session in sample group and $14.38{\pm}1.62$ in the 1st session, $22.88{\pm}0.89$ in the 2nd session, $23.88{\pm}1.64$ in the 3rd session in sham group. There were differences between sham group and nbM lesioned groups with statistical significance in post hoc analysis(p<0.001). But between control and sample group, there was no significant difference. With the experimental results above, Sahyangsohapwon can be supposed to have the enhancing effects on the affect reactivity and learning with memory of AD model rats induced by electrolyte injury of nbM.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find out the areas and their constitute elements of new apprenticeship through the expert of vocational education to improve the growth potential in the field of industry. Through the three times Delphi research process final composing areas and elements(total 6 areas and 41 sub-elements) of new apprenticeship were extracted. Followings are specific study results of 41 sub-elements for the 6 areas. In area A(Technology Skill aspect) total nine sub-elements were deducted as follows. Technology skill's field appling ability, new technology skill's acquisition, quality assurance ability, research development ability, material management using ability, problem solving ability, core technology skill understanding ability, idea's imagery expressing ability, creative design ability. In area B(Institutional aspect) total five sub-elements were deducted as follows. Flexible human material support, precise division of works, objective result assessment, institutionalization of responsibilities and liabilities between teacher and student, institutionalization of duty invention reward. In area C(Affective aspect) total eight sub-elements were deducted as follows. Manners and cooperation between teacher & student and peer, values for job, basic attitude for technology, job ethic sense, respect of other organization, active action to organization change, attitude of technology successor, service mind. In area D(Self-improvement aspect) total nine sub-elements were deducted as follows. Self evaluation and reflection, cultivate of organization understanding, career planning and developing ability, sound philosophy of life, communication ability, decision making ability, prepare of individual competence enhance system, self-control ability improvement, reaction of unexpected situation. In area E(Knowledge aspect) total four sub-elements were deducted as follows. Basic knowledge of relevant area, knowledge of new technology & preceding technology, fusion and relocation of knowledge, practical knowledge. In area F(Environmental aspect) total six sub-elements were deducted as follows. Awareness of business environment, understanding of education and practice environment, understanding of apprenticeship's business demand, connectivity of region community, adapt ability of labor market's change, awareness of society environment change.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.116-127
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• 1998

The Necessity of Cyber University. Within the rapidly changing environment of global economics, the environment of higher education in the universities, also, has been, encountering various changes. Popularization on higher education related to 1lifetime education system, putting emphasis on the productivity of education services and the acquisition of competitiveness through the market of open education, the breakdown of the ivory tower and the Multiversitization of universities, importance of obtaining information in the universities, and cooperation between domestic and oversea universities, industry and educational system must be acquired. Therefore, in order to adequately cope wi th these kinds of rapid changes in the education environment, operating Cyber University by utilizing various information technologies and its fixations such as Internet, E-mail, CD-ROMs, Interact ive Video Networks (Video Conferencing, Video on Demand), TV, Cable etc., which has no time or location limitation, is needed. Using informal ion and telecommunication technologies, especially the Internet is expected to Or ing about many changes in the social, economics and educational area. Among the many changes scholars have predicted, the development and fixations of Distant Learning or Cyber University was the most dominant factor. In the case of U. S. A., Cyber University has already been established and in under operation by the Federate Governments of 13 states. Any other universities (around 500 universities has been opened until1 now), with the help of the government and private citizens have been able to partly operate the Cyber University and is planning on enlarging step-by-step in the future. It could be seen not only as U. S. A. trying to elevate its higher education through their leading information technologies, but also could be seen as their objective in putting efforts on subordinating the culture of the education worldwide. UTRA University in U. S. A., for example, is already exporting its class lectures to China, and Indonesia regions. Influenced by the Cyber University current in the U.S., the Universities in Korea is willing .to arrange various forms of Cyber Universities. In line with this, at JUNAM National University, internet based Cyber University, which has set about its work on July of 1997, is in the state of operating about 100 Cyber Universities. Also, in the case of Hanam University, the Distant Learning classes are at its final stage of being established; this is a link in the rapid speed project of setting an example by the Korean Government. In addition, the department of education has selected 5 universities, including Seoul Cyber Design University for experimentation and is in the stage of strategic operation. Over 100 universities in Korea are speeding up its preparation for operating Cyber University. This form of Distant Learning goes beyond the walls of universities and is in the trend of being diffused in business areas or in various training programs of financial organizations and more. Here, in the hope that this material would some what be of help to other Universities which are preparing for Cyber University, I would 1ike to introduce some general concepts of the components forming Cyber University and Open Education System which has been established by JUNAM University. System of Cyber University could be seen as a general solution offered by tile computer technologies for the management on the students, Lectures On Demand, real hour based and satellite classes, media product ion lab for the production of the multimedia Contents, electronic library, the Groupware enabling exchange of information between students and professors. Arranging general concepts of components in the aspect of Cyber University and Open Education, it would be expressed in the form of the establishment of Cyber University and the service of Open Education as can be seen in the diagram below.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2012

Purpose : During brain MRI scanning, subject's head motion can adversely affect MRI images. To minimize MR image distortion by head movement, we developed an optical tracking system to detect the 3-D movement of subjects. Materials and Methods: The system consisted of 2 CCD cameras, two infrared illuminators, reflective sphere-type markers, and frame grabber with desktop PC. Using calibration which is the procedure to calculate intrinsic/extrinsic parameters of each camera and triangulation, the system was desiged to detect 3-D coordinates of subject's head movement. We evaluated the accuracy of 3-D position of reflective markers on both test board and the real MRI scans. Results: The stereo system computed the 3-D position of markers accurately for the test board and for the subject with glasses with attached optical reflective marker, required to make regular head motion during MRI scanning. This head motion tracking didn't affect the resulting MR images even in the environment varying magnetic gradient and several RF pulses. Conclusion: This system has an advantage to detect subject's head motion in real-time. Using the developed system, MRI operator is able to determine whether he/she should stop or intervene in MRI acquisition to prevent more image distortions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.579-587
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• 2012

Shin-gumho station in Seoul underground subway have been selected to be experimentally investigated and analyzed for the real air supply & exhaust capacity compared to the original capacity of ordinary and emergency condition. The depth of Shin-gumho station is 43.6m which consists of the island-type platform ($8^{th}$ floor in underground) and a two-story lobby (first & second floor in underground). An emergency staircase connects between the platform and the lobby. Hot-wire anemometer, capture hood, wind vane & velocity meter and data acquisition systems are employed to perform the automatic measurement in this experiment. For ordinary case, air supply and exhaust capacity in the lobby were reduced by 34% and 46% compared to the original capacity, respectively. Air supply and exhaust capacity in the platform were reduced by 66% and 38%, respectively. For emergency case, air supply in the lobby was reduced by 42% and air exhaust in the platform was reduced by 28% compared to the original capacity. Therefore, air pollution in the station is expected to be worse in the ordinary environment and smoke control capability in the platform will be weakened in case of fire emergency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2006

The land area, which is on the inner side of the water line, is controlled to a certain degree due to the purposes of space utilities controllers' respective roles, but the sea area is not so much controlled as the land area. However, as interest in the security and utility of the marine space, as well as that in the consistent development of the land space, has increased, there has been increase of the requirement for information about marine data and environment. The object of this study, Busan, plays various roles such as a harbor and bay, a tourist resort, and a port unlike coastal seas of other areas, and thus needs systematic control because it has numerous environmental factors. However, there are limitations in the number of data about Busan coastal sea constantly provided while the acquisition of data from main points and many areas is important for the analysis of marine contamination in Busan coastal sea area. Thus, using nautical charts with numerical values in preparing increase of the demand of them according to the degree of information requirement for the analysis of the changes in coastal areas, this study constructs property data and space data by combining vertex data about Busan's 17 coastal sea areas provided by NFRDI, and tries to present the analytical techniques for grasping the environmental conditions and continuity of the coastal areas and methods of their utilities, using GIS Geostatistical Analysis Technique.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2017

스마트 돈사 내의 열환경 분석에 필수적으로 고려되어야 인자는 가축의 복사 에너지 변화로 볼 수 있다. 열환경 제어의 대상이기도 하지만 회귀적으로 열환경 변화의 인자이기도 하다. 이러한 가축의 복사 에너지 분석을 위하여 시설 내에 용이하게 배포가 가능한 열화상 계측 시스템을 개발하였다. 초소형 마이크로 열화상 계측 시스템에 부가적으로 IOT(Internet of Thing) 기반 기술을 이용한 모듈화 개발을 병행하였다. 열화상 계측 센서로 LWIR(Longwave infrared)영역에 해당하는 $8{\mu}m{\sim}4{\mu}m$의 영역에서 $0.05^{\circ}C$의 분해능을 보이는 $Lepton^{TM}$ (500-0690-00, FLIR, Goleta, CA)모델을 사용하였다. SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface) 속도 2 Mhz로 마이크로프로세서(NanoPi NEO Air, FrendlyArm, CA, USA)와 고속 통신을 수행하여 9 Hz의 계측이 가능하다. 열화상 센서와 마이컴으로 구성되는 단위 계측 시스템의 통신 기능 확장을 위하여 다음과 같이 세 단계의 정보 전달 시나리오를 설계하였다. 1) 단독적으로 열화상을 계측 하고 내장된 메모리에 저장하는 형식 2) 인접한 사용자 인터페이스에서 1번 단독 모듈에 접속하여 열화상을 실시간으로 전송하여 화면에 도시하는 형식 3) 2번 사용자 도시모듈과 병행적으로 Local WI-FI 통신을 이용한 모바일 기기에 화면을 도시하는 형식. 이와 같은 계층적이며 모듈화된 계측 시스템을 구성하기 위해서 1번 모듈에 공개 소프트웨어인 Hostapd 2.5(http://w1.fi/hostapd)버전을 설치하였다. 외부 인터넷 환경이 없는 상황에 1번 모듈 단독으로 AP(Access Point) 기능을 제공하여 지근 거리에 있는 2번 모듈과 3번 모바일 기기의 접속을 관리할 수 있다. 2번 모듈의 경우 화면 다수의 1번 모듈에 접속을 교차적으로 수행하는 방식과 2번 모듈 자체가 AP가 되어 1번 모듈의 접속을 허용하는 형태로 구성되어 있다. 계측 시스템의 계측 매트릭스 구성에 따라 선택적으로 결정할 수 있다. 1번 2번 모듈 공통적으로 TCP/IP Listener와 Client 서비스를 병렬적으로 수행할 수 있도록 개발을 하였다. 3번 모바일 기기에서 사용자 인터페이스 구현을 위하여 범용 Android 기반 GUI 프로그램과 Socket 통신을 연동시켰다. 1개의 열화상 Frame의 전송량은 9,600 Byte ($=80{\times}60{\times}2Byte$) 로 WI-FI 통신 전송 시 2회 ~ 6회 정도 내외로 가변적인 통신 수행 횟수를 나타내었다. 센서 계측 시스템과 정보 전송 시스템을 병렬적으로 구성한 모듈화 된 계측시스템의 전 요소에서 센서에서 제공하는 최대 계측 주기인 9 Hz 구현이 일반적으로 가능하였다. 이를 이용한 추후 연구를 통해 가축 객체의 열복사 정보와 돈사 내 열환경 간의 역학성을 연구할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.33 no.6_1
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• pp.1003-1017
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• 2017

Multispectral image data of high spatial resolution is required to obtain correct information on the ground surface. The multispectral image data has lower resolution compared to panchromatic data. PAN-sharpening fusion technique produces the multispectral data with higher resolution of panchromatic image. Recently the object-based approach is more applied to the high spatial resolution data than the conventional pixel-based one. For the object-based image analysis, it is necessary to perform image segmentation that produces the objects of pixel group. Image segmentation can be effectively achieved by the process merging step-by-step two neighboring regions in RAG (Regional Adjacency Graph). In the satellite remote sensing, the operational environment of the satellite sensor causes image degradation during the image acquisition. This degradation increases variation of pixel values in same area, and results in deteriorating the accuracy of image segmentation. An iterative approach that reduces the difference of pixel values in two neighboring pixels of same area is employed to alleviate variation of pixel values in same area. The size of segmented regions is associated with the quality of image segmentation and is decided by a stopping rue in the merging process. In this study, the image restoration and segmentation was quantitatively evaluated using simulation data and was also applied to the three PAN-sharpened multispectral images of high resolution: Dubaisat-2 data of 1m panchromatic resolution from LA, USA and KOMPSAT3 data of 0.7m panchromatic resolution from Daejeon and Chungcheongnam-do in the Korean peninsula. The experimental results imply that the proposed method can improve analytical accuracy in the application of remote sensing high resolution PAN-sharpened multispectral imagery.