• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.514-519
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• 2000

저자들은 급성 호흡부전과 방사선학적으로 양측성 유리음영 및 국소적 낭성 변화를 보인 36세 남자 환자에서 임상 소견이 급격히 악화되는 경과를 보여 시행한 개흉 폐생검에서 후천성 면역 결핍증에 병발한 주폐포자충과 거대세포바이러스 동시 감염에 의한 폐렴으로 진담하고 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an education program for AIDS prevention on knowledge about AIDS and attitudes towards AIDS/people with AIDS among male-high school students. Methods: A research design used in this study was a randomized and non-synchronized control group pre-and-post test. The participants were 560 male students from five high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. In each school two classes were randomly assigned to each the experimental or control group. The contents of the education program for AIDS prevention consisted of six parts with a total of 50 minutes. The data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test with SPSS WIN program version 13.0. Results: There were significant differences in knowledge and attitudes between experimental and control groups. The experimental group showed higher scores in knowledge and more positive attitudes than the control group. Conclusion: The education program was effective in increasing positive attitudes towards AIDS/people with AIDS among male high school students. Further application of the program with female students is needed before the results of the study can be generalized.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권4호
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• pp.412-415
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• 2015

The prevalence of lung diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing worldwide. Unlike pulmonary tuberculosis, endobronchial NTM diseases are very rare with the majority of cases reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We reported a rare case of endobronchial Mycobacterium avium disease associated with lobar atelectasis in a young immunocompetent patient and reviewed the relevant literature.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2022

The incidence of musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) is on the rise due to the current Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Spine is the most common osseous site, followed by other joints. TB identified in the elbow accounts for 2%-5% of skeletal TB cases, which are secondary to pulmonary TB. Primary elbow TB is rare. We report a case of primary TB of the elbow which had a negative synovial biopsy. A 46-year-old right-hand dominant female patient with chronic pain and disability of the right elbow was diagnosed with chronic non-specific arthritis based on an arthroscopic synovial biopsy. The case was diagnosed retrospectively as active TB from bone cuts post total elbow arthroplasty. Anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) was given postoperatively for 12 months. The patient reported good functional outcomes at 3 years of follow-up. Such atypical presentations of osteoarticular TB are challenging to diagnose. Therefore, particularly in endemic areas, clinicians should be careful before excluding such a diagnosis even after a negative biopsy. Further research should investigate whether active TB of small joints such as the elbow can be treated with ATT, and early arthroplasty should be a focus of this research.

• 분석과학
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2023

Zidovudine is an antiretroviral agent prescribed for the prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). It is typically recommended to be used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Zidovudine has the potential to generate N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the presence of dimethylamine and nitrite salt under acidic reaction conditions during the drug manufacturing process. NDMA is a potent human carcinogen that may be detected in drug substances or drug products. An analytical method was developed to determine NDMA in pharmaceuticals including zidovudine using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The analysis involved reversed-phase chromatography on a Kinetex F5 column with a mobile phase comprising water-acetonitrile mixtures. The detection of positively charged ions was conducted using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The calibration curve demonstrated excellent linearity (r = 0.9997) across the range of 1-50 ng/mL with a highly sensitive limit of detection (LOD) at 0.3 ng/mL. The developed method underwent thorough validation for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and system suitability. This sensitive and specific analytical method was applied for detecting NDMA in zidovudine drug substance and its formulation currently available in the market, indicating its suitability for drug quality management purposes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.394-405
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• 2016

Objectives: The survival outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs have not been systematically evaluated at the state level in India. This retrospective study assessed the survival rates and factors associated with survival among adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: The present study used data from 139 679 HIV patients aged ${\geq}15$ years on ART who were registered from 2007 to 2011 and were followed up through December 2013. The primary end point was death of the patient. Mortality densities (per 1000 person-years) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression models were used to estimate survival and explore the factors associated with survival. Results: The overall median follow-up time was 16.0 months (2.0 months for the deceased and 14.0 months for those lost to follow-up). Approximately 13.2% of those newly initiated on ART died during follow-up. Of those deaths, 56% occurred in the first three months. The crude mortality rate was 80.9 per 1000 person-years at risk. The CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR],4.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.36 to 5.46 for < $100cells/mm^3$ vs. > $350cells/mm^3$), functional status (aHR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.82 to 3.30 for bedridden vs. normal), and body weight (aHR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.42 to 3.97 for <45 kg vs. >60 kg) were strongly associated with the survival of HIV patients. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that high mortality was observed within the first three months of ART initiation. Patients with poor baseline clinical characteristics had a higher risk of mortality. Expanded testing and counseling should be encouraged, with the goal of ensuring early enrollment into the program followed by the initiation of ART in HIV-infected patients.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

종합적인 보건시스템을 지원하기 위한 완화의료정책의 개발과 강화가 세계적으로 강조되고 있다. 우리나라에서는 암정복 10개년 계획과 국가암관리종합계획의 기틀 하에 암정책의 일환으로, 호스피스완화의료정책이 시행되어왔고, 2003년 암관리법(Cancer Control Act)을 제정하여 법적 근거를 마련하였으며, 최근 호스피스 완화 의료 및 임종과정에 있는 환자의 연명의료결정에 관한 법을 제정하여 시행할 예정이다. 호스피스완화의료정책의 대상은 최근 관련법의 제정에 따라, 말기암환자에서 암(Cancer), 후천성면역결핍증(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS), 만성 폐쇄성 호흡기질환(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD), 만성간경화(Chronic Liver Disease/Live Cirrhosis) 등으로 확대되었고, 급여체계는 2015년에 모든 의료기관에 일당 정액수가와 행위별 수가의 복합지불방식으로 완화의료 건강보험제도가 시행되었다. 전달체계관련 건강보험제도는 입원형과 자문형, 그리고 가정형으로 구분되고, 완화의료전문기관의 지정 평가 지원제도가 운영되고 있으며, 재원체계는 건강보험기금과 국가지원금으로 조달되고 있다. 호스피스 완화의료 관련법의 시행에 앞서, 정책대상의 사회적 합의가 요구되며, 낮은 급여체계의 현실화, 민관협력을 통한 호스피스완화의료 표준설정과 전문요원양성, 질 관리 및 평가체계정립, 그리고 장기요양보험과 호스피스기금 등을 활용한 안정적인 재정체계를 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2015

본 연구는 의학전문대학원 학생의 HIV/AIDS에 대한 지식과 태도를 조사하기 위해 시행된 횡단적 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 J도의 일 대학 의학전문대학원 3학년 학생 97명으로 2014년 8월 4일부터 12월 8일까지 자료수집이 실시되었으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 19.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 의학전문대학원 학생들의 HIV/AIDS 관련 지식과 태도는 각각 15점 만점에 평균 8.91, 7.00으로 나타났으며, 지식과 태도는 대상자들의 특성에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대상자들의 HIV/AIDS 관련 지식과 태도 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 양적 상관관계(r=.34, p<.01)를 보여 지식이 높을수록 태도 또한 긍정적인 경향을 보임이 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 예비의료인 및 의료인의 HIV/AIDS 관련 지식을 증진시키고 부정적인 태도를 감소시키는 것을 목적으로 하는 효과적인 교육제공을 위한 구체적인 실행전략 개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2018

본 연구는 중국 남자 대학생들의 에이즈 지식, 자아존중감, 자기통제감, 에이즈에 대한 낙관적 편견, 콘돔 사용의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 중국 두 개 성(省) 도시의 종합대학교의 1학년부터 4학년에 재학 중인 남학생 307명을 편의표집하여 빈도분석과 기술통계량, ANOVA, Pearson 상관관계로 분석하였다. 중국 남자 대학생들의 에이즈 감염에 대한 낙관적 편견이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 에이즈 지식 점수는 73점이었다. 자아존중감, 자기통제감 점수도 각각 중간값 보다 높게 나타났다. 학년과 연령에 따른 집단 간 분석에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구에서 자아존중감, 자기통제감, 에이즈에 대한 낙관적 편견은 정적 상관관계를 보였고, 에이즈 지식, 낙관적 편견, 콘돔 사용의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 차후 중국 문화의 맥락 안에서 콘돔 사용에 영향을 미치는 심리적 변수에 대한 다양한 집단의 반복 연구가 필요하다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) known as 20th century's pest is spreading rapidly internationally, and the number of patients are increasing. Since the prevention vaccine has not been developed yet, the only available effective method for preventing AIDS is the health education. Most of the AIDS-infected persons are males, and especially over twenties of age. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the knowledge and attitudes on AIDS of male workers. The purpose of this study is to examine the knowledge, attitudes and education-needs of male workers on AIDS. The data were collected by a questionnaire survey of 977 workers who work in Seoul and Kyungki areas from September 1 thru October 4, 1997. The results were as follows: 1. We examined the level of knowledge on AIDS transmission, symptoms, diagnoses, and prevention methods. Even though respondents had a moderate level of AIDS-related knowledge, still sizable numbers believed that AIDS could be transmitted through casual contact. White-collar workers, higher education groups, higher income groups or those with age thirties showed respectively higher level of knowledge than the other comparison groups. 2. 85％ of the respondents recognized AIDS as a serious problem. Statistical analysis revealed that white-collar workers, higher education groups or those with age twenties had more positive attitudes towards a AIDS patient than their counterparts. 3. Over 80％ of the respondents replied that AIDS education in schools, work places, social agencies or by mass-media was necessary. 62.8％ of the respondents mentioned that government should play the major role in developing AIDS education program. 4. The prediction model of AIDS-education needs was examined with using the multiple logistic regression method. The education level and AIDS-related knowledge were turned to be statistically significant factors influencing positively the perceived needs of AIDS education.