• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-115
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• 2002

This research investigates the effect of the Crataegus pinnatifida BGE. var. major N.E. BR(CPVM) on Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the effects of the DYHT extract on (1) $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CTI05; (2) the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT105; (3) the behavior; and (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitrite oxide(NO); and (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with CT105 were investigated. The results are as follow. 1. The CPVM extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, APP, AChE, and GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. 2. The CPVM extract suppressed the AChE activity and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. 3. The CPVM extract group showed a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105 in the Morris water maze experiment. 4. The CPVM extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, ROS and NO in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. 5. The CPVM extract reduced the infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. These results suggest that the CPVM extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-78
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• 2007

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Thalictrum foetidum(TFD) on the Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of TFD on amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by amyloid ${\beta}$ $protein(A{\beta})$ and $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of THP-l cell treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ and behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine, and glucose, AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. Results : The results were summarized as follows ; 1. TFD suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 2. TFD suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-l cell treated by LPS 3.. TFD suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 4. TFD increased glucose and decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 5. TFD group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is suggested that TFD might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2014

Objectives : To investigate the anti-cancer effect of Palbohoichoon-tang (PBHCT) extracts. Methods : The cell viability was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MMT) assay and cell morphological changes were microscopically analyzed after staining with $10{\mu}M$ 2-[4-amidinophenyl]-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI) and TUNEL. We also analyzed expression of Bcl2, $Bcl_{xL}$, Bax, procaspase-3, procaspase-9, and procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) by western blot method. Results : Observations showed that PBHCT induced the apoptotic cell death proved by increased sub-G1 phase cell population, apoptotic body formation and chromatin condensation. Western blot analysis of total cell lysates revealed that the PBHCT induced cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, PBHCT dose-dependently increased the activity of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP-1. Furthermore, PBHCT reduced anti-apoptotic Bcl2, $Bcl_{xL}$ expression which contributed to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the activations of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Conclusions : These findings suggest that PBHCT exerts anti-cancer effects on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inducing apoptotic death via down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl2 and $Bcl_{xL}$, up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax, and activation of caspase cascades and PARP-1.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.625-630
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• 1988

Phosphorylation of soy protein by sodium trimetaphosphate and acetylation of soy protein by acetic anhydride were performed. Then, the functional properties of modified soy proteins were compared with that of unmodified soy protein. Isolated soy protein prepared from defatted soybean flake had protein content of 92.7% as moisture-free basis. The phosphorylated soy protein showed higher solubility, foaming properties, and water holding capacity than unmodified soy protein. Acetylation of soy protein increased emulsification activity and foaming properties greatly, whereas decreased the solubility at pH 8.0. Isoelectric pHs of phosphorylated and acetylated soy protein were shifted to acidic regions(pH 3.0 and pH 4.0) from pH 5.0, which was the isoelectric pH of unmodified soy protein. Soy protein seems to be aggregated during phosphorylation and acetylation procedure, judging form Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration profiles. The modified soy proteins showed increased mobilities to anode direction in disc-gel electrophoresis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.539-544
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• 1989

Campylobacter jejuni, bacterial agent causing human diarrhea, were studied for their disinfection effects with chlorine and monochloramine. The cells treated with the chemical agents were observed by scanning electron microscopy to know their morphological and structural changes. The proteins and DNA in the chemical-treated cells were also examined by gel electrophoresis for structural changes. When C. jejuni were chlorinated at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l for 15 minutes, the organisms were disinfected by 4 and 6 log, respectively. Those disinfection effects were higher at acidic pH, while lowered at neutral and alkaline values of pH. The effects of monochloramine were lower than those of chlorine at the game concentration for the same period of reaction time. The shapes of C. jejuni cells treated with the agents appeared to be deformed from spiral rod into spherical forms, showing some destruction in surface structure of the cells. Some of the proteins and DNA of the chlorinated cells did not appear in the gel electrophoresis when the chlorination was at concentration of 10 mg/l or higher.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2021

mCherry is one of the well-understood red fluorescent proteins which has a similar tertiary structure as GFPs, but pH resistant due to the lack of hydrogen bond network. Whereas mCherry-I202T showed far-red fluorescence and also pH sensitive property because of the additional hydrogen bond formed by substituting Ile of 202 amino acid sequence on mCherry with Thr. In order to verify the pH sensitive characteristic of mCherry-I202T owing to the extension of hydrogen bond, UV-vis spectrum was measured over the range of acidic to basic pH. We also demonstrate further possibilities of applying mCherry-I202T as a pH sensor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1195-1208
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• 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potential applications in medicine, photocatalysis, agriculture, and cosmetic fields due to their unique physicochemical properties and strong antimicrobial activity. Here, AgNPs were synthesized using actinobacterial SL19 strain, isolated from acidic forest soil in Poland, and confirmed by UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, and zeta potential analysis. The AgNPs were polydispersed, stable, spherical, and small, with an average size of 23 nm. The FTIR study revealed the presence of bonds characteristic of proteins that cover nanoparticles. These proteins were then studied by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified with the highest similarity to hypothetical protein and porin with molecular masses equal to 41 and 38 kDa, respectively. Our AgNPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The combined, synergistic action of these synthesized AgNPs with commercial antibiotics (ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline) enabled dose reductions in both components and increased their antimicrobial efficacy, especially in the case of streptomycin and tetracycline. Furthermore, the in vitro activity of the AgNPs on human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A375, A549, and HepG2) showed cancer-specific sensitivity, while the genotoxic activity was evaluated by Ames assay, which revealed a lack of mutagenicity on the part of nanoparticles in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 strain. We also studied the impact of the AgNPs on the catalytic and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The decomposition of MO was observed by a decrease in intensity of absorbance within time. The results of our study proved the easy, fast, and efficient synthesis of AgNPs using acidophilic actinomycete SL19 strain and demonstrated the remarkable potential of these AgNPs as anticancer and antibacterial agents. However, the properties and activity of such particles can vary by biosynthesized batch.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

Objectives : Modified Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang (mBHT) is a polyherbal medicine of twelve herbs traditionally used in the treatment of cerebral and cardiac stroke and vascular dementia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect, pyramidal neuronal cell, inflammation and apoptosis of mBHT against global ischemia in rats. Methods : Global ischemia was produced by two-vessel occlusion(2-VO) in SD male rats. mBHT at dose of 500 mg/kg was orally administrated for 2 weeks or 6 weeks after global ischemia. The histopathological changes of ischemic brain were observed by staining of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl and immunohistochemisty with anti-GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) antibody as a astrocyte marker. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was determined by western blot. Results : mBHT treatment significantly inhibited the pyramidal neuronal loss in CA1 of hippocampus of global ischemic rats by 2-VO. mBHT also suppressed the activation of astrocytes in the CA1 at 6 weeks after ischemia. In addition, mBHT significantly increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 on iscemic brain, and significantly attenuated the expression of apoptotic proteins, Bax and caspase-3. Conclusions : These results indicate that mBHT inhibits neuronal cell damage induced in global ischemia by 2-VO, suggesting that mBHT may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vascular dementia.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.439-443
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• 2009

Dehydrins are group II, late embryogenesis abundant proteins that act putatively as chaperones in stressed plants. To elucidate the function of dehydrins in poplar, we isolated the $SK_2$-type dehydrin gene Podhn from Populus alba $\times$ P. tremula var. glandulosa suspension cells and analyzed its expression following treatments of abiotic stress, wounding and plant growth regulator. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analyses indicate Podhn encodes an acidic dehydrin (pI 5.14, 277 amino acids, predicted size 25.6 kDa) containing two lysine-rich "K-segments" and a 7-serine residue "S-segment", both characteristic of $SK_2$-type dehydrins. Southern blots show Podhn genes form a small gene family in poplar. Podhn was expressed in all tissues examined under unstressed conditions, but most strongly in cell suspensions (especially in the stationary phase). Drought, salt, cold and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatments enhanced Podhn expression, while wounding and jasmonic acid caused its reduction. Therefore, Podhn might be involved in ABA or stress response.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.635-640
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• 2016

Recent evidence indicates that the ephrin receptors and ephrin ligands (Eph/ephrin) expression modulate axonal reorganization and synaptic plasticity in stroke recovery. To investigate the effect of task-specific training (TST) on Eph/ephrin expression in the corticospinal tract (CST) after stroke, we compared Eph/ephrin expression in the peri-infarct cortex, pyramid, and spinal cord of a photothrombotic stroke model of rat brains treated with or without TST. The TST treatment showed significantly better recovery in the behavioral tests compared with no treatment. The significant upregulation of ephrin-A1 and ephrin-A5 observed in activated astrocytes of the CST at 2 weeks' post-stroke was decreased by TST. At 5 weeks, post-stroke, the elevated ephrin-A5 levels were decreased in the ipsilateral pyramid and spinal cord by TST. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was upregulated concomitantly with the altered ephrin expression after stroke, and the expression of these proteins was attenuated by TST. These data suggest that TST alters the expression of ephrin ligands in the CST after stroke.