• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.432-438
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• 2010

This study was carried out to understand the effect on soil chemical property, ion contents, and growth of Lonicera japonica by treatment of simulated acid rain and wood vinegar. It was treated total 30 times by one time per 2 weeks during 150 days from June to October dividing to various pH level of simulated acid rain (each pH 5.6, 4.5, 3.5 and 2.5) and the control site (pH 6.3). The wood vinegar diluted with 500 times was also treated total 10 times by one time per 2 weeks at the experimental sites. The soil pH was reduced as pH level of simulated acid rain was decreased. The organic content, total nitrogen, and Av. $P_2O_5$ in soil showed a tendency to increment. However, the soil improvement effect was exposed to be insufficient when a wood vinegar was treated. In the component of the plant body, $SO_4{^2}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ increased due to the simulated acid rain treatment and the increment ratio was reduced in the wood vinegar treatment plot. In addition, the cation contents showed a tendency to variation due to pH of simulated acid rain. And it showed more increment in the leaves than the root. The early fallen leaves and growth inhibition of L. japonica showed up after the simulated acid rain treatment but the growth of L. japonica increased after the wood vinegar treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-240
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus acid (H₃PO₃) addition to the horticultural bed soil on the initial growth of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv.), and kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. cv.). The stem heights of red pepper and cucumber were 46.1% and 23.0% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the untreated (control). Further, the stem diameter of pepper and cucumber were 48.7% and 23.0% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the control. In addition, the number of kimchi cabbage leaves was 47.5% greater in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid treatment than the control. The dry weights of red pepper, cucumber and kimchi cabbage were 72.9%, 16.5%, and 30.4% heavier in the 50 mg/L than the control, respectively. Cations (K, Ca, and Mg) and total phosphorus (T - P) were quantitatively analyzed for these three horticultural crops. The concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg, and T - P were higher in the 50 mg/L of phosphorus acid than the control, respectively. Based on the results obtained in this study, it appears that treatment of phosphorus acid in horticultural bed soil enhanced the growth of red pepper, cucumber and Kimchi cabbage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.29-43
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the soil on two waste areas that lack plants to find out the limiting factors of plant introduction, and to find out the possibility of plant introduction through plant growth experiments by mixing the two waste soil. In the case of tungsten waste soil, insufficient organic matter, water content, effective phosphoric acid, and nitrogen content were the limiting factors for plant introduction, and in the case of coal waste soil, low pH of the soil acted as the limiting factors for natural introduction. Growth experiments showed that the number of leaves of Ipomoea nil grown in soil mixed with both waste soil was 2.7 times greater than that of Ipomoea nil grown in tungsten waste soil, and 2.29 times greater than that of Ipomoea nil grown in coal waste soil. The fresh weight comparison showed that Ipomoea nil grown in soil mixed with the two waste soil had a fresh weight of 2.64 times higher than that of tungsten waste soil and 2.45 times higher than that of coal waste soil. There was no significant difference in the fresh weight of Ipomoea nil grown in soil mixed with the two waste soil and in general soil. Therefore, when the two waste soil are mixed, it can be judged that the components unfavorable to growth complement each other, improving the soil and being effective in plant growth.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1995

120 fungal strains producing Y-linolenic acid (GLA) were isolated from 100 soil samples, and among these, the most suitable one for the production of GLA was identified as Fusarium sp. JK-02. The content of total lipid and dry cell weight was 620mg 1100m1 and 63.5mg 1100m1, respectively. The production of GLA was 10.2% of the total fatty acids.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.279-284
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate effect of different soil managements on physical properties and microbial activities in volcanic ash citrus orchard soil. Experiment plots had managed to control weeds on soil for 4 years with clean cultivation (CCM) used with herbicide, natural sod cultivation (NSCM), kentucky blue grass sod cultivation (KBG). Soil samples were taken on October, in both 1998 and 2000 from 3 experimental plots. In NSCM, Soil hardness was lower at 11.8 mm than in CCM. And water stable Aggregation coefficient(>0.5 mm) was high at 26.7% compared with CCM. Soil bulk density and porosity showed no significant among the treatments. Soil acid phosphatase was high in sod cultivation plots and the amount of microbial biomass C was about twice higher at $525.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ in KBG than in CCM. Conclusionally, Sod cultivation improved soil physical properties such as aggregation, hardness and increased microbial activities compared with clean cultivation in citrus orchard soil. Soil total PLFA, acid phosphatase, and microbial biomass C contents were investigated on May in nonvolcanic ash citrus soil. Soil samples were collected at 5 sites each; convention cultivation grown with herbicide, natural sod cultivation grown with 1/2 chemicals, organic cultivation. That sites have been managed for 5 years over. PLFA contents were two times higher at $112.2n\;mol\;g^{-1}$ in organic cultivation than in convention cultivation. According to the PLFA indicator, Gram negative bacteria and actinomycetes in organic cultivation were high compared with convention cultivation, which were at 15.1%, 6.6%, respectively. Soil microbial biomass C contents was about twice higher in organic cultivation than in convention cultivation. Soil acid phosphatase was high at 17.6% in organic cultivation compared with convention cultivation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.670-675
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• 2004

Humic acids are macromolecules originated from natural water, soil, and sediment. The characteristics of humic acid enable it to change the distribution of metals as well as many kinds of organic contaminants and to determine the sorption of them from soil solution. To see the effect of humic acid on the removal rate of organic contaminants and heavy metals, batch-scale experiments were performed. As a natural geosorbent, black shale was used as a sorbent media, which showed hight sorption capacity of trichloroethylene (TCE), lead, cadmium and chromium. The effect of sorption-desorption, pH, ionic strength and the concentration of humic acid was taken into consideration. TCE sorption capacity by black shale was compared to natural bentonite and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) modified bentonite. The removal rate was good and humic acid also sorbed onto black shale very well. The organic part of humic acid could effectively enhance the partition of TCE and it act as an electron donor to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Cationic metal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) also removed from the water by black shale. With 3 mg/L of humic acid, both Pb(II) and Cd(II) were removed more than without humic acid. That could be explained by sorption and complexation with humic acid and that was possible when humic acid could change the hydrophobicity and solubility of heavy metals. Humic acid exhibited desorption-resistivity with black shale, which implied that black shale could be an alternative sorbent or material for remediation of organic contaminants and heavy metals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.869-877
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• 2000

A mechanism of ozonation of simulated soil slurry contaminated by phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene has been studied under various conditions. The effects of soil media(BS, S, GB), radical scavenger, ozone input ratio(0.17~0.73mg/min), bicarbonate ion, and humic acid were investigated, BS showed the highest removal efficiency in media tested. The generation of OH-radical via the catalytic decomposition of ozone on active sites of the natural sand was confirmed by OH-radical scavenger experiments. The enhanced removal efficiency by OH-radical was indirectly quantified to be about 22%. As initial concentration of humic acid(as sodium salt) was increased, pseudo first-order rate constant ($k_o$) of phenanthrene was decreased from $1.37{\times}10^{-2}s^{-1}$ to $0.53{\times}10^{-2}s^{-1}$. The amount of ozone required to oxidize 80% of the initial mass of phenanthrene(10mg/kg) and benzo[a]pyrene(10mg/kg) was 67.2mg/kg-soil and 48.0mg/kg-soil, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-243
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• 2011

Consumers' interest and government's support for the fruits rapidly increased organic fruit productions. This study was examined to compare the soil physicochemical and microbial properties of orchards soil in conventionally and organically management systems. Organic cultivation had lower soil bulk density, solid phase, and penetration resistance than the conventional cultivation. Soil pH and organic matter contents increased from March to August, and the values were greater in the organic cultivation than the conventional cultivation. Total nitrogen (N) and phosphorous concentrations decreased from March to August, and the organic soils had greater N but lower phosphorous concentrations than the conventional soils. Soil microbial carbon biomass increased 36% and 15% for organic and conventional cultivations, respectively, from March to August. Soil microbial N biomass was greater in June than March or August, and the organic cultivation had a greater biomass N compared to the conventional cultivation. Soil dehydrogenase and chitinase activities were greater in June than in March or August. ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity declined in both cultivations, while the phosphatase activity increased. Organic cultivation had greater enzyme activities in March, June, and August, except for the acid phosphatase activity in June.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.533-539
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• 2014

Mine wastes such as acid mine drainage (AMD) can cause the detrimental effects on surrounding environment, thereby eventually threatening human health. Main objective of this study was to evaluate the neutralizing effect of fly ash (FA) as a stabilizing material AMD. Field plot was constructed in a coal waste depot which has caused aluminium-whitening adjacent to the stream. Different mixing ratios of FA were applied on a top of the soil, and then the physicochemical properties of runoff and soil were monitored. Constructed plots were as following: control (mine waste only (W)), mine waste + 20% ($w\;w^{-1}$)of FA (WC20M), mine waste + 40% ($w\;w^{-1}$)of FA (WC40M), and WC40M dressed with a fresh soil at the top (WC40MD). Result showed that initial pH of runoff in control was 5.09 while that in WC40M (7.81) was significantly increased. For a plot treated with WC40M, the concentration of Al in runoff was decreased to $0.22mg\;L^{-1}$ compared to the W as the control ($4.85mg\;L^{-1}$). Moreover, the concentration of Fe was also decreased to less than half at the WC40M compared to the control. Application of FA can be useful for neutralizing AMD and possibly minimizing adverse effect of AMD in mining area.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 2013

Because some particulate matter emission sources may inherently produce soluble species, or some soluble species may be produced during atmospheric transport, it is important to understand the origin of a particles's solubility when water-soluble tracers are used in source apportionment studies. Laboratory experiments were performed on three types of soils (Mongolia grassland, Mongolia desert, and Korean rural soils), to study the impact of acidification by nitric acid vapor on the solubility of metals in the soils. To achieve this goal, concentrations of water-soluble metals (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe) in the soils measured before and after acidification. Contributions of concentrations of water-soluble metal species before and after acidification attack to their total concentrations varied little with soil type. Concentrations of water-soluble Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe from the soils after interaction with nitric acid vapor increased, with significant increases in soluble Ca and Mn for all soil types suggesting soil acidification enhances the amount of leachable metal species in soil dust. There was little increase in water-soluble Na and K after acidification for each soil type. This experiment demonstrates that quantities of water-soluble metal species in particulate matter are produced under high gaseous nitric acid conditions.