• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2013

본 연구는 꾸지뽕나무 열매의 숙기에 따른 식품학적 가치를 분석하여 가공이용에 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 꾸지뽕나무 열매의 과즙 pH는 4.2~5.1이고 총산은 1.4~2.0%이며 환원당은 5.4~8.6%이었다. 숙기가 진전됨에 따라 총산과 환원당 함량이 증가되었다. 꾸지뽕나무 열매의 일반성분을 보면 수분은 76.0~80.1%, 조단백질 2.2~3.5%, 조지방 1.7~2.9%, 회분 0.8~1.2%, 탄수화물 14.5~16.4% 이었다. 유리당은 glucose, fructose가 검출되었으며 적숙과와 과숙과에서 fructose가 glucose 보다 많이 함유되어 있었다. 유기산은 oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid가 검출되었으며 malic acid와 succinic acid가 성숙시기에 관계없이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 무기성분은 Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P 등이 검출되었고 K 함량이 836~1207 mg%로 가장 높았다. 비타민 C함량은 127.5~149.2 mg%이었으며 총 식이섬유함량은 22.7~38.7%이었으며 불용성 식이섬유가 수용성 식이섬유 보다 월등히 많았다. 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 18.9~19.7mg%와 40.9~48.2mg%이었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.853-860
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• 2010

모시잎 분말의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 모시잎 분말의 일반성분 및 영양성분을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분은 수분 함량 5.42%, 조단백질 28.15%, 조지방 6.95%, 조회분 15.27% 및 탄수화물 54.79%를 함유하였다. 총식이섬유소 함량은 39.66 g/100 g이며, 그 중 불용성 식이섬유소와 수용성식이섬유소 함량은 각각 20.32 g/100 g와 19.34 g/100 g로 나타났다. 구성당은 glucose가 가장 많았고 다음으로 lactose, galactose 순으로 총 3종이 검출되었다. 구성 아미노산은 aspartic acid 함량이 2,432.53 mg%로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 glutamic acid, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, valine, alanine 순이었다. 유리 아미노산은 asparagine이 983.57 mg%로 가장 많아 총 유리 아미노산 함량의 절반 이상을 차지하였으며, 그 외에는aspartic acid, ${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid, valine, phenylalanine, alanine, threonine, phosphoserine 순으로 나타났다. 지방산 조성으로 구성 지방산 중 포화지방산 함량은 caproic acid methyl ester가 58.23%, pentadecanoic acid가 41.77% 검출되었으며, 불포화지방산은 극미량으로 검출되었다. 비타민 함량 분석으로 항산화 비타민 A, E 및 C의 함량은 각각 0.0194 mg%, 0.0184 mg% 및 0.1833 mg%로 검출되었으며, 비타민 C의 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 무기질을 분석한 결과, Ca 함량이 3,135.20 mg%로 가장 많았으며, K이 1,434.60 mg%였고 다음으로 Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu 순으로 검출되었고 Zn과 Cu의 함량은 미량으로 나타났다. 유기산은 총 3종의 유기산이 검출되었으며, 이 중 succinic acid가 가장 많았고, 다음으로 citric acid, maleic acid 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.391-395
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• 2002

솎은 과실의 일반성분은 완숙과실 보다 조단백질, 조지방, 회분함량이 높았으나 탄수화물 함량은 낮았다. 무기물 함량은 Ca> Mg＞ P＞ Na＞ K＞ B 순이었다. 중금속 중 As, Cd, Cr, Hg는 검출되지 않았고 Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb 등은 극 미량이었다. 유기산은 tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid 등이 검출되었으나 솎은 배는 citric acid가 검출되지 않았다. 유리당은 glucose, fructose, sucrose 등이 검출되었으나 솎은 사과는 sucrose 가 검출되지 않았다. 식이섬유 함량은 불용성 식이섬유가 수용성 식이섬유 보다 높았다. DPPH법에 의한 항산화 효과는 사과 추출액이 RC$_{50}$ 81.2~85.2 ${\mu}\ell$/mL로 가장 활성이 높았고 아질산염 소거능은 반응 pH 1.2에서 솎은 사과와 배 추출액이 각각 80%와 63%로 우수한 효과가 있었으며, tyrosinase 저해 활성은 배 추출액이 61.0~89.4%로 가장 높았다.다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.549-553
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of granite-grit offered free-choice on voluntary intakes of grit and subsequently on some morphologic traits of the digestive tract and performance of broilers were investigated. A total of 240 7d-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allotted randomly to 10 floor pens supplied with wood shavings. The experiment lasted for 42 days. There were 2 dietary treatments, each consisting of 5 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 24 birds kept in an experimental unit with a floor size of $2{\times}2m$. Dietary treatments consisted of control (C) in which broilers were fed standard broiler rations, and acid insoluble granite-grit choice (AIGG) in which broilers were fed standard broiler rations and grit in separate troughs. Mean amounts consumed varied quite widely from week to week, but on average broilers ate 3.41 g per d per bird during the experimental period. Birds had a higher voluntary intake of granite-grit at an early age (7 to 21 d of age) than later (22 to 42 d of age). The voluntary intake of granite-grit of AIGG broilers increased (p<0.05) from 2.7 g/day at 7-14 d to 4.4 g at 15-21 d of age, and then it decreased to 3.4, 3.2 and 3.4 g/day between 22-28, 29-35 and 36-42 d of age, respectively. This level of grit intake increased (p<0.05) weights of empty gizzard (0.97 vs. 1.30 g), edible inner organs (3.51 vs. 3.69 g), and length of gut (8.86 vs. 9.01 cm) as a proportion of body weight and the content of insoluble ash (8.4 vs. 42.2 g/kg) in the faeces compared to the control group. Feeding free-choice grit had little or no effect on final live weights (2,542 vs. 2,543 g), daily gains (69 vs. 69 g), carcass weights (1,924 vs. 1,911), dressing percentages (75.6% vs. 75.1%) and feed efficiencies (1.69 vs. 1.66). Birds given grit did not gain more weight than those not given grit but they tended to have (p<0.07) lower feed intake (116.7 vs. 114.5 g), and consequently lower protein and energy intake. In conclusion, the granite-grit consumed voluntarily by broilers increased gut length and empty gizzard weight without affecting growth performance of broilers. Thus, it can be assumed that the voluntary consumption of granite-grit was too low to affect performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.800-805
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• 2012

Rice straw is an important roughage resource for ruminants in many rice-producing countries. In this study, a rice brittle mutant (BM, mutation in OsCesA4, encoding cellulose synthase) and its wild type (WT) were employed to investigate the effects of a cellulose synthase gene mutation on rice straw morphological fractions, chemical composition, stem histological structure and in situ digestibility. The morphological fractions investigation showed that BM had a higher leaf sheath proportion (43.70% vs 38.21%, p<0.01) and a lower leaf blade proportion (25.21% vs 32.14%, p<0.01) than WT. Chemical composition analysis showed that BM rice straw was significantly (p<0.01) higher in CP (crude protein), hemicellulose and acid insoluble ash (AIA) contents, but lower in dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADFom) and cellulose contents when compared to WT. No significant difference (p>0.05) was detected in neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and ADL contents for both strains. Histological structure observation indicated that BM stems had fewer sclerenchyma cells and a thinner sclerenchyma cell wall than WT. The results of in situ digestion showed that BM had higher DM, NDFom, cellulose and hemicellulose disappearance at 24 or 48 h of incubation (p<0.05). The effective digestibility of BM rice straw DM and NDFom was greater than that of WT (31.4% vs 26.7% for DM, 29.1% vs 24.3% for NDFom, p<0.05), but the rate of digestion of the slowly digested fraction of BM rice straw DM and NDF was decreased. These results indicated that the mutation in the cellulose synthase gene could improve the nutritive value of rice straw for ruminants.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.663-669
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the nutrient compositions of stem and fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OF) and Opuntia humifusa (OH). The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the parts, varieties and parts*varieties had influence on nutrient content except crude protein, soluble dietary fiber, Fe, Se, I, vitamin E, niacin and vitamin C. Moisture and crude ash content was higher in stem than in fruit, while crude lipid and insoluble dietary content was higher in fruit than in stem. Mineral content revealed that K (1,313.67 mg% in OF, 1,351.38 mg% in OH) was the highest in fruit and Ca (5,146.29 mg% in OF, 1,388.19 mg% in OH) was the highest in stem. Vitamin C was the most abundant vitamin in the fruit of OF (199.98 mg%) and OH (187.12 mg%). Polyunsaturated fatty acid was the highest among fatty acids (66.9~70.1%), with higher content in the stem (753.89 mg%) than fruit (578.01 mg%) in OF, while higher in the fruit (1,093.63 mg%) than stem (475.07 mg%) in OH. Moisture, crude protein, Mg, Se and riboflavin was higher in OF than OH; whereas, crude lipid, insoluble dietary fiber, total dietary fiber and monounsaturated fatty acid were higher in OH than OF. These results indicated that OF and OH could be a good food source for Ca, K and Vitamin C. Also, different nutrient content by parts and varieties, can be helpful in choice of parts or varieties for consumer purposes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2015

배전도와 분쇄도를 달리하여 가공한 수프리모 커피 추출물의 일반성분, pH, 당도, 색도 및 미네랄 조성 등의 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 수분 함량은 약배전보다 강배전 시 감소하였고, 탄수화물은 강배전 후 감소하였다. 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분은 강배전 후 증가하였다. pH의 변화는 약배전보다 강배전 시 높아졌고, 당도와 총 당 함량은 배전강도에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 밝기 정도를 나타내는 L값은 생두는 강배전할수록 낮아지고, 적색도를 나타내는 a값과 황색도를 나타내는 b값은 약배전에서 높고, 강배전에서 낮아졌다. 배전도가 클수록 L값, a값, b값은 낮아지고 분쇄도가 클수록 L값은 낮아졌으며, a, b 값은 배전도에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수프리모 커피의 Ca, Fe, K, Na, P 함량을 측정한 결과는 K 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 총 식이섬유 함량은 약배전 약분쇄 시 가장 높아 다른 배전 조건과 비교해 유의적으로 높았다. 수용성 식이섬유 함량은 강배전 약분쇄 4.25 g/100 g, 불용성 식이섬유소는 약배전 약분쇄 63.49 g/100 g으로 가장 높아 배전 조건에 따라 식이섬유소 함량이 유의적으로 다르게 나타났다. 수프리모 커피에 함유되어 있는 지방산 중에 특히 palmitic acid 및 linoleic acid의 함량이 다른 지방산에 비해 높게 측정되었다. 하지만 배전도와 분쇄도에 따른 지방산 조성에는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 배전도와 분쇄도를 달리한 수프리모 커피의 유기산은 acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid가 검출되었다. 특히 수프리모 커피의 생두는 휘발성을 갖는 유기산인 acetic acid가 높았고, 배전강도와 분쇄도를 달리하여 가공 처리한 수프리모 커피는 fumaric acid의 함량이 높게 측정되었다. 본 연구 결과 커피 품종에 따라 배전도와 분쇄도를 달리하면 다양한 이화학적인 특성을 지닌 커피의 제조가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1315-1324
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different diet formulations: F1 (Two complicated basal diets containing different crude protein levels plus tested feedstuff) vs F2 (A simple corn soybean meal [SBM] basal diet plus tested feedstuff) combined with total collection (TC) or chromic oxide ($Cr_2O_3$) marker or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) marker method, and freeze-dry or oven-dry (OD) technique on estimation of nutrient digestibility in diets fed to growing pigs. Methods: In F1, twelve barrows were allocated to two $6{\times}4$ Youden Squares. The treatment diets included a high protein basal (HPB) diet, a low protein basal (LPB) diet, a corn diet and a wheat bran (WB) diet formulated based on the HPB diet, and a SBM diet and a rapeseed meal (RSM) diet formulated based on the LPB diet. In F2, eight barrows were allocated to two $4{\times}4$ Latin Squares. The treatment diets included a corn basal diet, a SBM basal diet formulated based on the corn diet, and a WB diet and a RSM diet formulated based on the SBM diet. Results: Concentration of digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), and the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, ash, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre determined by $Cr_2O_3$ marker method were greater than those determined by TC and AIA marker methods in HPB, LPB, and RSM diets formulated by F1 and in corn diet formulated by F2 (p<0.05). The DE values in WB and both DE and ME values in SBM and RSM estimated using F1 were greater than those estimated using F2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the accuracy aspect, the AIA marker or TC method combined with OD technique is recommended for determining the energy concentration and nutrient digestibility of components in diets fed to growing pigs.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 1994

1990년 10월부터 1991년 5월까지 국내시판 생약중 목단근피에 대하여 생약으로서의 안전성과 유효성 및 품질 관리상의 기초자료를 연고자 생약근중에 존재하는 Paeonol 및 회분과 무기성분 함량을 조사분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 한국산 시판 목단근피중의 Paeonol 함량은 평균 0.65% 였다. 2. 회분함량은 평균 3.53%로 대한 약전규격 6.0%이하였으며 산불용성 회분은 0.77%로 기준치 1.0% 이하였다. 3. 시판 목단근피중의 총질소 평균 함량은 1.03%, 인산은 0.55%, 가리는 0.82%, 칼슘 함량은 1.50% 이었다. 4. 시판 목단근피중의 MgO는 0.21%, Fe는 325.83ppm, Cr은 1.82ppm, Cu는 3.73ppm, Zn은 18.93ppm, Mn은 21.27ppm 이었으며 인체의 잔류량 때문에 문제시 되고 었는 Hg는 각지방 별로 수집된 생약에는 검출되지 않았다. 5. 목단근피 생약중의 평균 Cd 함량은 0.25ppm였으며 Pb함량은 3.09ppm이었고 특히 생약 중 잔류량 문제로 심각한 Cd 및 Pb 함량으로 보아 국내산 시판용 목단근피로써는 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 6. 국내산 목단근피는 재배기술 및 가공조제 방법에 따라 유효성분 및 무기성분들에 많은 차이가 있을 것으로 생각되어 향후 더 많은 연구검토가 요청 된다고 하겠다.

• 셀메드
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.21.1-21.9
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• 2021

Background: Unani System of Medicine (USM) has its origin to Greece. To ensure and develop the quality, authenticity of Unani drugs, standardization on modern analytical parameter is essential requirement for drugs. Objectives: The aimed of the present study was to develop a standard profile of "Qurṣ-e-Mafasil" by systematic study through authenticated ingredients, pharmacognostic identification followed by physicochemical, TLC, HPTLC fingerprinting analysis as per standard protocol. Material and Methods: In this study three batches of "Qurṣ-e-Mafasil" QM were prepared by standard method as per UPI had been followed by organoleptic properties of formulation such as appearance, color, odor, taste. Powder Microscopy and physicochemical studies were carried out such as Uniformity of weight, Friability, Disintegration time, hardness, LOD, ash vales and extractive values in like aqueous, alcohol & hexane. Further qualitative tests such as Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) studies were also carried out to develop fingerprint pattern of the alcoholic solvent extract of QM. Phytochemical screening was carried out in different solvent extracts such as alcoholic, aqueous and chloroform extracts to detect the presence phytoconstituents in the formulation QM. Heavy metals, Microbial Load Contamination and pesticidal residues were also determined. Results: Qurṣ-e-Mafasil showed tablet-like appearance, light brown colour, mild pungent odour and acrid taste. Uniformity of weight (mg), friability (rpm), and hardness (kg/cm) and disintegration time was ranged between (500 to 503), (0.0340 to 0.038), (8.40 to 8.67) and (4-5 minutes) respectively for the three batches. Loss in weight on drying at 105℃ was ranged between (8.3425 to 8.7346). Extracted values were calculated in distilled water ranged between (30.9091 to 31.4358), hexane (1.1419 to 1.4281), and alcohol (3.3352 to 3.3962). The ash values recorded were ranged between (3.7336 to 3.8378), and acid insoluble ash (0.5859 to 0.6112).