• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 1990

The Kinetics of the addition of benzalacetophenone derivatives was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 5% dioxane $H_2O$ at $50^{\circ}C$. A rate equation was obtained in wide range of pH. The substituent effects on benzalacetophenone derivatives were studied, and addition were facilitated by electron attracting groups. The final product was benzalacetophenone-${\beta}$-thioglycolic acid synthesized by the addition of thioglycolic acid to benzalacetophenone. On the base of the rate equation, substituent effect, general base effect and final product, the plausible addition mechanism was proposed: Below pH 9.0, only neutral thioglycolic acid molecule was added to the carbon-carbon double bond, and in the range of pH $9.0{\sim}11.0$, neutral thioglycolic acid molecule and thioglycolic acid anion competitively attacted the double bond. By contrast, above pH 11.0, the reaction was dependent upon only the addition of thioglycolic acid anion.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2000

New type yogurt base were prepared from milk added with skim milk powder or purple sweet potato, and fermented by lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis, 1:1, v/v). The yogurt proudcts were evaluated for acid production(pH, titratiable acidity), number of viable cell, viscosity, sensory properties, and color value. The composition of some organic acids was also analyzed by GC. The acid production slightly decrerased by addition with purple sweet potato. There was no significant difference in viable cell counts between control (yogurt added with only skim milk powder) and yogurt added with purple sweet potato, and viable cell counts of all samples were above 9.08 log cfu/ml. Viscosity of yogurt added with purple sweet potato(36,800∼46,000 centipoise) was higher than that of yogurt added with only skim milk powder(32,200 centipoise). The overall sensory score of yogurt added with purple sweet potato(38.6%, dry base) was the best of tested yogurt. The major organic acid of yogurt added with purple sweet potato was lactic acid. its content was 0.997∼1.203%. malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, and fumaric acid were analyzed out a little. Lightness and yellowness decreased by addition with purple sweet potato but redness increased. Total color difference($\Delta$E) with yogurt addition with purple sweet potato and only skim milk powder were very high(above 11.46).

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• v.71 no.6
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• pp.459-466
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• 2018

Background: To compare the effects of intraoperative infusions of balanced electrolyte solution (BES)-based hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and saline-based albumin on metabolic acidosis and acid/base changes during major abdominal surgery conducted using Stewart's approach. Methods: Forty patients, aged 20-65 years, undergoing major abdominal surgery, were randomly assigned to the HES group (n = 20; received 500 ml of BES-based 6% HES 130/0.4) or the albumin group (n = 20; received 500 ml of normal saline-based 5% albumin). Acid-base parameters were measured and calculated using results obtained from arterial blood samples taken after anesthesia induction (T1), 2 hours after surgery commencement (T2), immediately after surgery (T3), and 1 hour after arriving at a postanesthetic care unit (T4). Results: Arterial pH in the HES group was significantly higher than that in the albumin group at T3 ($7.40{\pm}0.04$ vs. $7.38{\pm}0.04$, P = 0.043), and pH values exhibited significant intergroup difference over time (P = 0.002). Arterial pH was significantly lower at T3 and T4 in the HES group and at T2, T3, and T4 in the albumin group than at T1. Apparent strong ion difference (SIDa) was significantly lower at T2, T3, and T4 than at T1 in both groups. Total plasma weak nonvolatile acid ($A_{TOT}$) was significantly lower in the HES group than in the albumin group at T2, T3 and T4 and exhibited a significant intergroup difference over time (P < 0.001). Conclusions: BES-based 6% HES infusion was associated with lower arterial pH values at the end of surgery than saline-based 5% albumin infusion, but neither colloid caused clinically significant metabolic acidosis (defined as an arterial pH < 7.35).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 1983

Pulmonary function is the determinant of blood gas tension. However, Acid-Base disturbances can also alter partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood. During respiratory acidosis $PO_2$ will be lowered and reverse changes will be produced during respiratory alkalosis. On the other hand, in metabolic acidosis $PO_2$ will be elevated and $PCO_2$ will be lowered by the respiratory compensation, and reverse response will be induced in metabolic alkalosis. Urinary gas tension has many influencing factors than arterial blood and difficult to estimate the tendency of its alterations. Urinary $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ are not always identical level as venous blood. It is to be altered by blood gas tension, flow rate of urine, metabolic rate of kidney, and Acid-Base status of blood. Particularly countercurrent exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the renal medulla will make larger alteration of gas tension than venous blood. After induction of Acid-Base disturbances [disturbances] arterial and urinary $PCO_2$, $PO_2$, urinary volume, and osmolarity were determined in dogs, and the relationships between arterial and urinary $PCO_2$ , $PO_2$ Acid-Base disturbances, urinary volume, and osmolarity were investigated. 1. During the acute Metabolic and Respiratory disturbances urinary pH did not respond on respiratory origin. However, there were immediate urinary response in pH on metabolic origin. 2. Urinary $PO_2$, $PCO_2$, did not always follow arterial or venous gas tension and Acid-Base disturbance. Urinary $PCO_2$, correlate well with the urinary volume. The larger the urinary volume, $PCO_2$ lowered to the venous level. The smaller the urinary volume, urinary $PCO_2$ tends to be higher. However urinary $PO_2$ did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. 3. Correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and $PO_2$ were inversely proportional to arterial blood. Differences of $PCO_2$ between arterial blood and urine also did not have any particular correlation with urinary volume. This may suggest that changes on blood gas tensions can influence on urinary $PCO_2$. 4. There were eminent clear inverse correlation between urinary $PCO_2$ and osmolar concentrations of urine. Above results strongly suggest that partial pressure of gas in urine primarily depend upon counter-current exchanges in renal medullary tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2015

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.491-498
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• 2005

Acid Rock Drainage(ARD) is the product formed by the atmospheric(i.e. by water, oxygen and carbon dioxide) oxidation of the relatively common iron-sulphur minerals pyrite($FeS_2$). ARD causes the acidification and heavy metal contamination of water and soil and the reduction of slope stability. In this study the generation characteristics and the prediction of ARD of various road cut slopes were studied. An attempt to classify the rocks into several groups according to their acid generation potentials was made. Acid Base Accounting(ABA) tests, commonly used as a screening tool in ARD predictions, were performed. Sixteen rock samples were classified into PAF(potentially acid forming) group and four rock samples into NAF(non-acid forming) group. The chemical analysis of water samples strongly suggested that ARD with high content of heavy metals and low pH could pollute the ground water and/or stream water.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.452-456
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• 1987

Acidic strength of benzenesulfonic acid (HBs) and it's derivatives, p-toluenesulfonic acid(HTs), p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid(HCs) and m-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid(HNs), were measured in the anhydrous acetic acid medium by spectrophotometry. p-naphtholbenzein (PNB) was used as an indicator base and the ionization constants of HTs, HBs, HCs and HNs were $3.5{\times}10^2,\;4.1{\times}10^2,\;19.3{\times}10^2\;and\;50{\times}10^2$, respectively, at 20.0${\pm}$0.1$^{\circ}$C.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.366-377
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• 1994

The base composition of DNA of Aspergillus phoenicis, Rhizopus acidus and Candida albicans treated with cycloheximide and nalidixic acid during the culture was analyzed to compare with the control. The contents of base in the DNA were inhibited by cycloheximide, 20.4% of adenine, 43.1% of thymine, 40.9% of cytosine, 35.3% of guanine, 32.2% of purine, and 42.7% of pyrimidine for A. phoenicis. In R. acidus, 34.2% of adenine, 42.1% of thymine, 38.0% of cytosine, 18.1% of guanine, 24.1% of purine and 40.0% of pyrimidine were depressed by cycloheximide. In the antibiotic treatment of C. albicans, 58.3% of adenine, 58.5% of thymine, 58.1% of cytosine, 42.4% of guanine, 46.8% of purine and 58.8% of pyrimidine were inhibited to compare with the control. The nalidixic acid treatments were showed that, in A. phoenicis 41.6% of adenine, 47.1% of thymine, 59.3% of cytosine, 46.3% of guanine, 45.6% of purine and 57.2% of pyrimidine were inhibited. When R. acidus was treated with nalidixic acid, 59.1% of adenine, 54.7% of thymine, 35.3% of cytosine, 37.4% of guanine, 45.9% of purine and 44.9% of pyrimidine decreased. In treatment of nalidixic acid, the content of DNA was depressed 60.1% of adenine, 68.6% of thymine, 60.7% of cytosine, 40.0% of guanine, 45.8% of purine and 63.5% of pyrimidine for C. albicans In the DNA synthesis of three fungal cells, cycloheximide and nalidixic acid treatments were analyzed obviously that the biosynthesis of pyrimidine was depressed than that of purine. Therefore, it was showed that the DNA contents in the various fungal cells were inhibited remarkably in nalidixic acid treatment than cycloheximide.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1978

Rhodium (II) (isobutyrate)$_{4}L_2$, an antinumor drug, was shown to reactr with nucleic acid base derivatives, A, G, U and C in chloroform solution. When these derivatives were treated with one of novel metal compounds, rhodium carboxylate in chloroform solution, a fairly strong complex formation was observed by spectroscopic techniques. The characteristic of these complex was that binding occured at the two axial positions of rhodium (II) (isobutyrate)$_{4}L_2$ to the NH or )$NH_2$ group of the base in the ligands.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

In this study, anaerobic biological decomposition were attempted after solubilization treatment of sewage sludge with the complex pre-treatment (acid/base treatment with ultrasonic radiation). Solubilization ratios were compared for ultrasonic treatment at acid or base condition. Solubilization effect of the complex pre-treatment was more effective at higher pH. Biological decomposition of complex pre-treated sludge was faster than non treated (raw) sludge, showing 10 times higher total gas production. Biological digestion of the sludge shows more biogas production. B/A ratio. which indicates hydrogen production potential, was 50% higher with complex pre-treated sludge than raw sludge but lactic acid or propionic acid were also detected during anaerobic decomposition process.