• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2017

Achillea alpina L. subsp. pulchra (Koidz.) Kitam., an unrecorded subspecies belonging to the genus Achillea of Asteraceae, was discovered and is illustrated here. It is known as an endemic species of Hokkaido, Japan, but we discovered it along the seashore at Uljin in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Having a relatively equally serrate or dentate leaf margin and sparsely villous involucres, this subspecies is easily distinguished from its related taxa. Based on its habitat, it was termed Gaet-top-pul in Korean. We provide a description, illustrations, photographs and a key of related taxa in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Achillea sibirica Ledeb. is widely distributed in Korea and has been often used as folk medicine in peptic and tonic. As one of our searches for bioactive (anti oxidation) compounds from medicinal plants, we studied Achillea sibirica Ledeb. (Compositae). Antioxidant activity of Achillea sibirica was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed at $90^{\circ}C$ using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and by evaluation the radical scavenging activity on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Whole parts of Achillea sibirica was extracted with methanol and its extracts was fractionated with organic solvent; n-Hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-Butanol. EtOAc fraction exhibited antioxidant activity and From its, two flavonoid glycosides were isolated by silica gel and gel filtration colume chromatography and identified to kampferol 3-O-glucoside and luteolin 7-O-neo-hesperidoside, respectively, by physico-chemical and spectroscopical method. At antioxidant activity test for two compounds isolated, antioxidant activity was showed too. And from hexane fraction sterol was is isolated and identificated to mixture of campesterol, stigmasterol, and ${\beta}-sitosterol$.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.39-55
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• 2012

Objective : In order to find the decision system in differentiation of syndromes and treatments, I paid attention to divination by Achillea sibireca. Method : I pulled out the elements of differentiation of syndromes and treatments in Zh$\bar{o}$ng y$\bar{i}$n$\grave{e}$i k$\bar{e}$ xu$\acute{e}$(中醫內科學), Uihagipmun Sanghan(醫學入門 傷寒), Donguibogam Japbyeong(東醫寶鑑 雜病) and compared them with the horoscope in The Book of Changes(周易) from the relativity of both eight principles(八綱) etc and subdivision in the entity of the cosmos (太極內 分化). Result : From this viewpoint, the decision system that has relative references in differentiation of syndromes & treatments on cold diseases(傷寒病) and complexed diseases(雜病) by eight principles etc can be compared with the decision system in divination by Achillea sibireca that the entity of the cosmos(太極) gradually can be breakdown into the positive and negative(陰陽), the positive and negative can be breakdown into four phases(四象), four phases can be breakdown into eight signs of divination(八卦), eight signs of divination can be breakdown into 64 divination signs(64卦). Conclusion : I had found that differentiation of syndromes and treatments and divination by Achillea sibireca have similarity to each other in side of decision system. Those decision systems for clinical use and telling the future has many relative references and are made of multiple structures. Clinician can easily, exactly distinguish similar syndromes of many another diseases through this way.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.209-209
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• 1994

천연자원으로부터 얻어진 항암 또는 세포독성물질로는 주로 alkaloid, lignan, terpenoid, macrolide 등에 속하는 물질들이고 그 중 sesquiterpene lactone계열 화합물에서 세포독성 및 항종양 활성이 있는 물질이 다수 얻어졌으며 그 대부분은 국화과의 식물에서 분리 보고되고 있다. Achillea 속 식물은 국화과에 속하는 다년생초본으로 남한에는 톱풀과 산톱풀 2종만이 자생한다. screening 결과 이 두 식물에는 segquiterpene lactone 화합물과 Peroxide등 다수의 활성성분이 함유되어 있을 것으로 기대되어 본 연구에 착수하였다. 두 식물의 각 분획에 대하여 SNU-1(위암세포주)과 SNU-354(간암세포주)를 이용해 검색한 결과 두 식물 모두 MC ext.와 MeOH ext.에서 현저한 세포독성을 보였으며 현재 MC ext. 로부터 세포독성물질의 분리를 수행하고 있다. EtOAc ext.는 세포독성은 거의 나타내지 않았으나 flavonoid 성분이 다수 존재함을 확인하였으며 면역활성 및 enzyme inhibition등의 활성을 검토하고자 화합물을 분리하였다. 그 결과 톱풀로 부터는 luteolin-7-0-glucoside와 apigenin-7-0-glucoside를 그리고 산톱풀로부터는 luteolin-7-0-glucoside, apigenin-7-0-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin을 분리 확인 동정하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.233-246
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to suggest the possibility of utilizing the wildflower pasture for promoting public interest. Growth characteristics, botanical composition, fauna distribution on wildflower pastures were observed. The experimental design included two treatments: native wildflower pasture(NWP, turf grasses 6 species + native wildflower 11 species) and introduced wildflower pasture(lWP, turf grasses 6 species + introduced wildflower 9 species). The field trials were carried out on the experimental pasture plots at Chungnam National University from 1997 to 2000. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The flowering of wildflower was maintained continuously from May to September, and the colors of wildflowers; varied seasonally during this period. With native flowers, however, Hemerocallis fulva, Belamcanda chinenis and Aster koraiensisi showed problems in lately germination and early establishment. Meanwhile, Introduced wildflower showed not only excellent germination and early establishment compared to native flowers species but also maintained brighter colors. But Coreopsis tinctoria, Achillea mi/lefolium and Rudbeckia bicolor had colonized at a higher height or possessed stronger rhizome. 2. The appropriate species of turf grass which maintained continuous seasonal distribution are thought to be tall fescue, perennial ryegrass. Kentucky bluegrass in NWP and IWP. 3. Botanical composition of wild flower in NWP was arranged in the order of Achillea sibirica > Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus > Dianthus chinensis > Plantago asiatica > Taraxacum pla~ycarpum > Viola mandshurica > Aster koraiensis > Vicia tetasperma > Lespedeza stipulacea > Hemerocallis fulva, respectively. The highest seasonal distribution of native wildflower, Achillea sibirica was in spring and summer, Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus was in autumn. Botanical composition of wild flower in IWP was arranged in the order of Achillea millefolium Coreopsis tinctoria > Silene armeria > Coreopsis lanceolata > Rudbeckia bicolor > Sanguisorba oficinalis > Centaurea cyanus > Chrysanthemum leucanthemum > Dianthus petraeus, respectively. The highest seasonal distribution of introduced wildflower, Silene armeria was in spring, Achillea millefolium was in summer, and Coreopsis tinctoria was in autumn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.8-11
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out in order to the effects of NAA on rooting of stem cutting of leaf variegated Aster glehni, dwarf type of Achillea sibirica and Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica native to Korea. Higher rooting percentage(85%) of Aster glehni, promoted root number and root length of Achillea sibirica were obtained by basal dip treatment with $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA for 3 hours on late June. Percent rooting of the Solidago was not enhanced, but root number and root length were promoted by basal dip treatment with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the lethal and the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts of Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) and Hypericum perforatum (H. perforatum) on Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) RH strain tachyzoites in vitro. Methods: The tachyzoites were treated with concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mg/mL of A. millefolium and H. perforatum extracts within 10, 30, and 45 minutes in the wells. The mortality rates of tachyzoites treated with extracts were determined by using alkaline methylene blue staining. Also, the tachyzoites in cell cultures were treated with concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL of these extracts. The cell viability, inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$), and selectivity were determined from MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. Results: In the cell-free in vitro study, all of tachyzoites were killed at concentrations of 100 mg/mL of both extracts while at concentration 10 mg/mL, the mortality was 4.53% - 5.31%. In the cell culture study, the values of the effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) were 215 and $153{\mu}g/mL$ and the selectivities were 0.73 and 0.69 for the A. millefolium and the H. perforatum extracts, respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that neither extracts has any significant effect on the tachyzoites of T. gondii in cell cultures.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.395-402
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• 2017

Overuse of synthetic pesticides caused negative side-effects such as environmental contamination, development of insect pests' resistance, and effects on non-target organisms. Plant origin substances without/or with low mammalian toxicity have been considered as promising alternatives to the synthetic pesticides. Fumigant toxicity of the essential oil of Iranian Yarrow, Achillea millefolium L., was investigated against a cosmopolitan stored-product insect pest: saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.). Chemical profile of this essential oil was studied by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Tested concentrations were significantly effective to the mortality of insect pest. A positive correlation between essential oil concentrations and pest mortality were realized. LC50 value (lethal concentration needed to 50% mortality) was achieved as $17.977(16.195{\pm}20.433){\mu}l/l$ air. The main components were 1,8-Cineole (13.17%), nerolidol (12.87%), ${\alpha}$-cubebene (12.35%), artemisia ketone (6.69%), ${\alpha}$-terpineol (5.27%), alloaromadendrene oxide (4.71%) and borneol (3.99%). Terpenic compounds including monoterpene hydrocarbons (8.19%), monoterpenoids (44.23%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (21.69%) and sesquiterpenoids (22.24%) were 96.35% of the total identified compounds. Results indicated that the terpene-rich A. millefolium essential oil may be considered as a safe bio-agent in the O. surinamensis management.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Various extracts of higher plants have been used in traditional medicine systems for centuries. While tropical and sub-tropical plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity, temeperate plants have always been neglected somewhat. Similarly, seeds of the plants have not been considered seriously compared to other plant parts, e.g. leaves, stems, roots, flowers, etc. as a potential source for biologically active compounds. As part of our on-going evaluation of the extracts of the seeds of temperate plants, especially from Scotland, for biological activity, Achillea millefolium, Angelica sylvestris and Phleum pratense have been chosen for the present study. Both A. millefolium and A. sylvestris are well known for their traditional medicinal uses in Europe and also in the orient, but there is no report on any medicinal properties of P. pratense available to date. Extracts of the seeds of these plants have been assessed for their antioxidant and antibacterial potential and also for general toxicity. Both DCM and MeOH extracts of A. millefolium showed the most significant broad spectrum antibacterial activity among the three plants and inhibited the growth of almost all test strains of bacteria. The DCM extracts of all three species were active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Citrobacter freundii $(MIC=6.25{\times}10^{-1}\;mg/mL)$. While the MeOH extracts of A. millefolium and P. pratense were active against C. freundii, that of P. pratense was also active against MRSA. The MeOH extract of A. sylvestris did not show any antibacterial activity against any of the eight bacterial strains at test concentrations. The MeOH extract of P. pratense showed the most prominent antioxidant activity $(IC_{50}=145\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and there was no antioxidant activity observed with the DCM extract of A. millefolium. The DCM extract of P. pratense was the most toxic $(LC_{50}=20\;{\mu}g/ml)$ among the extracts.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.365.2-365.2
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• 2007