• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.168-175
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose FPGA design technique for rotating LED display device which is capable of displaying videos with the use of the afterimage effect. The proposed technique is made up of image data correction process based on inverse gamma correction and error diffusion, block interleaving process, and data serial output process. The data correction process based on inverse gamma correction and error diffusion is an image data correction step in which image data received are corrected by inverse gamma correction process to convert the data into linear brightness characteristics, and by error diffusion process to reduce the brightness reduction phenomenon in low-gray-level which is caused by inverse gamma correction. In the block interleaving process, the data of the frames entered transversely are first saved in accordance with entrance order, and then only the longitudinal image data are read. The data serial output process is applied to convert the parallel data in a rotating location into serial data and send them to LED Driver IC, in order to send data which will be displayed on high-speedy rotating LED Bar. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed FPGA design technique, this paper used XC6SLX45-FG484, a Spartan 6 family of Xilinx, as FPGA, and ISE 14.5 as a design tool. According to the evaluation analysis, it was found that goal values were consistent with simulation values in terms of accurate operation of inverse gamma and error diffusion correction, block interleaving operation, and serialized operation of image data.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.737-743
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• 1995

Background: Pneumonia is a frequent complication in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, Quantitative culture of protected specimen brush(PSB) have shown satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. However PSB method is invasive, expensive, and require a bronchoscopic procedure. But endotracheal aspiration(EA) is simple and less expensive. The purpose of our study was to investigate the diagnosic value of EA quantitative cultures. Method: We studied 15 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia(for >72h of mechanical ventilation) patients. Patients were divided into two diagnostic categories. Group I was the patients who were suspicious of clinical pneumonia, Group II was the patients for control. The obtained samples by EA and PSB were homogenized for quantitative culture with a calibrated loop method in all patients. Result: Using $10^3cfu/ml$, $10^5cfu/ml$ as threshold in quantitative culture of PSB, EA respectively, we found that EA quantitative cultures represented a relatively sentive(70%) and relatively specific (60%) method to diagnose the ventilator-associated pneumonia. Conclusion: Although EA quantitative cultures are less specific than PSB for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia. EA quantitative cultures correlated with PSB quantitative culture in patients with clinical pneumonia and may be used to treat these patients when bronchoscopic procedures are not available.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1993

This paper describes the design and development of a KrF excimer laser stepper and discusses the detailed system parameters and characterization data obtained from the performance test. We have developed a deep UV step-and-repeat system, operating at 248 nm, by retrofitting a commercial modules such as KrF excimer laser, precision wafer stage and fused silica illumination and 5X projection optics of numerical aperture 0.42. What we have developed, to the basic structure, are wafer alignment optics, reticle alignment system, autofocusing/leveling mechanisms and environment chamber. Finally, all these subsystem were integrated under the control of microprocessor-based controllers and computer. The wafer alignment system comprises the OFF-AXIS and the TTL alignment. The OFF-AXIS alignment system was realized with two kinds of optics. One is the magnification system with the image processing technique and the other is He-Ne laser diffraction type system using the alignment grating on the wafer. 'The TTL alignment system employs a dual beam inteferometric method, which takes advantages of higher diffraction efficiency compared with other TTL type alignment systems. As the results, alignment accuracy for OFF-AXIS and TTL alignment system were obtained within 0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$/ 3 $\sigma$ for the various substrate on the wafers. The wafer focusing and leveling system is modified version of the conventional systems using position sensitive detectors (PSD). This type of detection method showed focusing and leveling accuracies of about $\pm$ 0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and $\pm$ 0.5 arcsec, respectively. From the CD measurement, we obtained 0.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$ resolution features over the full field with routine use, and 0.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ resolution was attainable under more strict conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.699-710
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• 2009

If a country has her geoid model, it could be determine accurate orthometric height because the geoid model could provide continuous equi-gravity potential surface. And it is possible to improve the coordinates accuracy of national control points through geodetic network adjustment considering geoidal heights. This study aims to find the best way to develop geoid model in Philippines which have similar topographic conditions as like Malaysia and Indonesia in Eastsouth asia. So, in this study, it is surveyed the general theories of geoid determination and development cases of geoid model in Asia and it is computed that the geoidal heights and gravity anomalies by spherical harmonic analysis using EGM2008, the latest earth geopotential model. The results show that first, the development of gravimetric geoid model based on airborne gravimetry is needed and second, about 200 GPS surveying data at national benchmark is needed. It is concluded that it is the most reasonable way to develop the hybrid geoid model through fitting geometric geoid by GPS/leveling data to gravimetric geoid. Also, it is proposed that four band spherical Fast fourier transformation(FFT) method for evaluation of Stokes integration and remove and restore technique using EGM2008 and SRTM for calculation of gravimetric geoid model and least square collocation algorithm for calculation of hybrid geoid model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2018

In the civil works, the measurement of earth-volume is one of the important elements in the estimation of the reasonable construction cost. Related studies mainly used GPS (Global Positioning System) or total station to obtain information on civil work areas. However, these methods are difficult to implement in inaccessible areas. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to use the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) to measure the earth-volume. The study area is located in a reservoir construction site in Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea. We compared the earth-volume amounts acquired by UAV-based surveying to ones acquired by total station-based and GPS-based surveying, respectively. In the site, the amount of earth-volume acquired by GPS was $147,286.79m^3$. The amount of earth-volume acquired by total station was $147,286.79m^3$, which is the 96.13% accuracy compared to the GPS-based surveying. The earth-volume obtained by UAV was $143,997.05m^3$ when measured without GCPs (Ground Control Points), $147,251.71m^3$ with 4 GCPs measurement, and $146,963.81m^3$ with 7 GCPs measurement. Compared to the GPS-based surveying, 97.77%, 99.98%, and 99.78% accuracies were obtained from the UAV-based surveying without GCP, 4 GCPs, and 7 GCPs, respectively. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the UAV-based surveying can be used for the earth-volume measurement.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2012

Recently, interest in potential for estimating water quality using high resolution satellite images is increasing. However, low SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) over inland water and radiometric errors such as non-linearity of brightness value of high resolution satellite images often lead to accuracy degradation in water quality estimation. Therefore radiometric correction should be carried out to estimate water quality for high resolution satellite images. For KOMPSAT-2 images parameters for brightness value-radiance conversion are not available and precise radiometric correction is difficult. To exploit KOMPSAT-2 images for water quality monitoring, it is necessary to investigate non-linearity of brightness value and noise over inland water. In this paper, we performed brightness value comparison between KOMPSAT-2 images and IKONOS/GeoEye-1, which are known to show the linearity. We used the images obtained over the same area and on the same date for comparison. As a result, we showed that although KOMPSAT-2 images are more noisy;the trend of brightness value and pattern of noise are almost similar to reference images. The results showed that appropriate target area to minimize the impact of noise was $5{\times}5$. Non-linearity of brightness value between KOMPSAT-2 and reference images was not observed. Therefore we could conclude that KOMPSAT-2 may be used for estimation of water quality parameters such as concentration of chlorophyll.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

One of the most significant tasks of software development project is to know how much it will be the software development cost in the early stage of software development cycle. The software development environment and technology are changing very rapidly. For accuracy, we should apply those to the software cost estimation. And it is important that we select the suitable adjustment factor and the value of a suitable adjustment factor. For that, this paper have applied the method of AHP. And we have also analyzed the sensitivity of the adjustment factor which is influenced by decision metrics. In conclusion, the value of the application type adjustment factor is responded more sensitively to the data complexity and the control complexity than processing complexity. And the value of the language adjustment factor is responded more sensitively to the supplying manpower and the time of the coding than the time of the debugging. In the future, we will research the selection of an additional adjustment factor and a suitable value of the adjustment factor which are influenced by the environment and the technology of the domestic software development. And then, in the language adjustment factor, we will try to calculate the value about the individual programming language.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.197-205
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• 2018

Recently, remodeling is increasing due to aging of buildings. Therefore, the importance of quality control of structures has been raised, and interest in safety diagnosis and evaluation of structures has been increasing. In order to accurately diagnose old buildings, a diagnostic evaluation technique is needed to evaluate the defects of structures in advance. In addition, as the safety diagnostic criteria for reconstruction are improved and the weight of structural safety is increased, researches on safety diagnosis techniques of structures that are faster and more reliable are needed. In this study, we tried to estimate the compressive strength by examining the correlation between ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength of a 1 story structure consisting of vertical and horizontal members of reinforced concrete using ultrasonic pulse velocity method, which is one of the nondestructive testing methods. The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability in the field. As a result, the estimated average error rate of the compressive strength of the structure using the ultrasonic pulse velocity method was 28.7%, which confirmed the applicability in the field. However, in order to increase the accuracy of the estimation, the necessity of the reliable diagnostic method using the composite nondestructive testing method was confirmed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The application of multiphase flows is increasingly being applied to analyze phenomena such as single phase flows where the fluid boundary changes continuously over time or the problem of mixing a liquid phase and a gas phase. In particular, multiphase flow models that take into account incompressible Newtonian fluids for liquid and gas are often applied to solve the problems of the free water surface such as wave fields. In general, multi-phase flow models require time-based the surface tracking of each fluid's phase boundary, which determines the accuracy of the final calculation of the model. This study evaluates the advection performance of representative VOF-type boundary tracking techniques applied to various CFD numerical codes. The effectiveness of the FCT method to control the numerical flux to minimize the numerical diffusion in the conventional VOF-type boundary tracking method and advection calculation was mainly evaluated. In addition, the possibility of tracking performance of free surface using CIP method (Yabe and Aoki, 1991) was also investigated. Numerical results show that the FCT-VOF method introducing an anti-diffusive flux to precent excessive diffusion is superior to other methods under the confined conditions in this study. The results from this study are expected to be used as an important basic data in selecting free surface tracking techniques applied to various numerical codes.

• 대한방사선치료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.23-26
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• 2005

Introduction: To evaluate whether modified MUPIT applicator can effectively eradicate recurrent tumor in uterine cervix cancer and reduce rectal complication after complete radiation treatment. Methods and Materials: Modified MUPIT applicator basically consists of an acrylic cylinder with flexible brain applicator , an acrylic template with a predrilled array of holes that serve as guides for interstitial needles and interstitial needles. CT scan was performed to determine tumor volume and the position of interstitial needles. Modified MUPIT applicator was applied to patient in operation room and the accuracy for position of interstitial needles in tumor volume was confirmed by CTscan. Brachytherapy was delivered using modified MUPIT applicator and RALS (192-Ir HDR) after calculated computer planning by orthogonal film. The daily dose was 600cGy and the total dose was delivered 3000cGy in tumor volume by BID. Rectal dose was measured by TLD at 5 points so that evaluated the risk of rectal complication. Result: The application of modified MUPIT applicator improved dramatically dose distributions in tumor volume and follow-up of 3 month for this patient was clinically partial response without normal tissue complication, Rectal dose was measured 34.1cGy, 57.1cGy, 103.8cGy, 162.7cGy, 165.7cGy at each points, especially the rectal dose including previous EBRT and ICR was 34.1cGy, 57.1cGy Conclusion: Patients with locally recurrent tumor in uterine cervix cancer treated with modified MIUPIT applicator can expect reasonable rates of local control. The advantages of the system are the fixed geometry Provided by the template and cylinders, and improved dose distributions in irregular tumor volume without rectal complication