• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 1983

The purpose of this experiment was to find out fundamental data for the cultivation of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were investigated with 3-levels of nitrogen application,15, 25, 35kg per 10a during the period of initial growth from the 8th leaf emergence to the late blooming stage. The results obtained were as follows: Leaf emergence increased as growth progressed and in the same pattern at all N-levels. After the heading stage, the value was 15 at all N-levels. Leaf area index (LAI) increased as growth progressed and rapidly till the booting stage. At 15kg N-level the values were larger till the ear formation stage, and at 35tg N-level the values were larger than other N-levels after the booting stage. At the late blooming stage LAI reached 8.13 at 35kg N-level. The value of dry matter accumulation was the highest at 35kg N-level at the late blooming stage, and as was the same in the value of crop growth rate (CGR). There was a tendency that before the booting stage the enlargement of leaf area contributed to dry matter accumulation and after the booting stage did the increase of net assimilation rate (NAR) .

• International Area Studies Review
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2008

This paper tries to explore the impact of economic globalization on social capital accumulation. To investigate direct effect, we build a model and derive a proposition which can explain the relative decline in social capital brought about by market expansion. Besides direct effect, we also explore channel effect through democracy, government size, education attainment, and inequality. We estimate direct and channel effect of globalization using cross section of 65 countries data time period 1980-1999 using three-stage least squares(3SLS). Results are in line with predictions and clearly support that globalization significantly and negatively affects social capital accumulation. Channel effect also shows that globalization has a negative effect through aggravating income inequality while it has a positive effect through higher education attainment, higher level of democracy and larger government spending. Such a net negative channel effect reinforces our prediction. As a robustness check we estimate other sets of data and the result strongly supports our theory.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2020

Background: Evaluation of transpiration is required for agricultural and environmental management applications, as crop yields and plant growth are primarily water limited. This study aimed to determine the transpiration and carbon accumulation of Cnidium officinale. Methods and Results: The transpiration of C. officinale was evaluated using weighing lysimeter. The relationship between transpiration and factors such as solar radiation, air temperature, and leaf area was assessed. Transpiration increased as the leaf area increased with the growth stage. Furthermore, daily transpiration per unit leaf area was 0.69 ± 0.16 g·cm-2·day-1 and there were no significant differences in daily transpiration during the cultivation period. The maximum transpiration was 620.6 g m-2·h-1 and diurnal changes in transpiration were highly correlated with solar radiation although the maximum transpiration was observed at the air temperatures of 20℃ - 26℃. The ratio of carbon accumulation to transpiration was 0.12%. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the transpiration of C. officinale is primarily regulated by solar radiation energy on clear days and that 97% of the water is discharged through transpiration for heat dissipation. Therefore, weighing lysimeters can measure transpiration accurately and may be useful in interpreting plant growth.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.246-250
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• 1997

In the presence of optimum amounts of hydroxylamine, trace ruthenium(III) can be conveniently determined in acidic (boric) media by coupling catalytic hydrogen processes with adsorptive accumulation of the catalyst, using differential pulse voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the redox and interfacial processes. Optimal experimental conditions were found to be a stirred borate (0.015 M, pH 2.5) solution containing 0.55 M hydroxylamine, a preconcentration potential of - 0.70 V, and a scan rate of 5 mV/s. With a 7 min accumulation period the detection limit was 3${\times}$10-10 M. The possible interferences by other platinum group metals are investigated.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2008

We generated transgenic tomato plants with Arabidopsis thaliana $H^+$/cation exchanger gene (C4X4) by Agrobactrium-mediated transformation. We confirmed transgene copy number and transcription by Southern and Northern blot analyses. The intact CAX4-expressing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits contained 63-71% more calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) than wild-type fruits. Moreover, ectopic expression of C4X4 in tomato fruits did not show any significant increase of the four kinds of metallic cations analyzed ($Mg^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, and $Cu^{2+})$. The C4X4-expressing tomato plants including their fruits did not show any morphological alternations during whole growth period. These results suggest the enhanced Ca-substrate specificity of CAX4 exchanger in tomato. Therefore, intact CAX4 exchanger can be a useful tool for $Ca^{2+}$ nutrient enrichment of tomato fruits with reduced accumulation of undesirable cations.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing the removable partial denture on plaque accumulation. Twelve removable partial denture cases were examined. Patients were recalled three consecutive 3 day periods. Plaque index was measured after each 3 day period. (1) not wearing the denture, (2) wearing the denture, (3) wearing the denture after intensive tooth brushing instruction. The results were as follows: 1. Plaque indices of all the remaining teeth were higher following the wearing of removable partial denture than those of teeth not wearing the denture and those of teeth after intensive tooth brushing instruction. 2. Plaque indices showed statistical difference between all the tooth surfaces which were in contact with the denture and those which were not. 3. Plaque indices showed no statistical difference between buccal and lingual surfaces which were in contact with the denture and those which were not. 4. Plaque indices showed statistical difference between proximal surfaces which were in contact with the denture and those which were not.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1996

A considerable amounts of mannitol were accumulated during the fermentation of Kimchis. When several oligosaccharide including fructo-, soybean-, and isomaltooligosaccharides were added during the preparation of Kimchi as beneficial ingredient respectively, fructooligosaccharides (at $25^{\circ}C$) and soybean-oligosaccharides (at $35^{\circ}C$) significantly increased the amounts of mannitol accumulation, while isomalto-oligosaccharides exerted no effect at all fermentation conditions examined. This result were caused by no appearance of microorganisms which have the capability of utilizing isomalto-oligosacsharides during fermentation period. Isomalto-oligosaccharides can be recommended as an effective ingredient of Kimchis because both oligosaccharides and mannitol that have favorable functionalities were simultaneously contained. However, so as to enhance the cooling taste of Kimchis by increasing the content of mannitol, fructo- and soybean-oligosaccharides are rather favorable.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2011

This work has investigated the exhaust emissions such as Total Hydrocarbon (THC), Nitrogen Oxides(NOx), and Particulate Matter (PM) characteristics emitted from the tail-pipe of a continuously variable valve timing (CVVT) gasoline-fueled engine with different intake valve opening timings and injection pressures at the part load condition. Valve overlap period was varied from $40^{\circ}CA$ to $10^{\circ}CA$ and fuel injection pressure was increased from 3.5 bar to 5.0 bar. THC and NOx emissions decreased as intake valve opening timing was advanced regardless of fuel injection pressure. When the fuel was injected with the condition of 5.0 bar at all of valve overlap ranges, THC levels were reduced by 55%. NOx concentrations were diminished about 75% as valve overlap increased. PM size distributions were analyzed as bi-modal type of the nucleation and accumulation mode. Comparing with fuel injection pressures, PM emission levels were decreased at high pressure injection of 5.0 bar condition.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

This research considers a system containing a manufacturing firm who generates waste material during manufacturing process, and a disposal firm who collects and disposes the waste material. Identification of the optimal number of pick ups and the amount of waste to be disposed at certain period of time in terms of cost minimization is studied. Two types of waste accumulation rates, constant and linearly increasing, are discussed and mathematical models are developed. It can be shown that the results for these two different types of waste accumulation differ in a wide range because of the difference in the way of how waste is accumulated, which disturbs the storage cost. An integrated model is also developed and discussed in which both the manufacturing firm and the disposal firm benefit from the coordination between the two parties. It is shown that the optimal policy adopted by the integrated approach can provide a strong and consistent cost-minimizing effect for both the manufacturing firm and the disposal firm over the existing approach. Finally, all the models are verified by a numerical example and the results are compared.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2004

The accumulation of salt contamination could be the source of electrical accident. The degree of contamination on outdoor insulator is represented by ESDD(equivalent salt deposit density). The salt is transported by the wind to the outdoor insulator and cleaned by the rain. So, we can estimate the relation between climatic data and ESDD by using the multiple regression method. The results of pre-study presented the high relation coefficient(0.874). But these results couldn't apply to another period So, this paper improves above problem by mathematical process of climatic data The main method is accumulation of passed climatic data and conversion of the rainfall by the wind. Then, we confirmed the increasement of relation coefficient(0.898).