• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.129-137
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• 2021

This paper aims to analyze whether company characteristics are potential determinants of human resource accounting (HRA) disclosure practices by Vietnamese listed companies. It examines the human resource disclosure level of 204 companies by content analysis of these companies' annual reports. The study has relied on a multiple linear regression to test the association between a number of corporate attributes and the extent of human resource disclosure in companies' annual reports. The extent of human resource disclosure was measured using unweighted human resource disclosure index. The explanatory variables considered in this study were firm size, firm age, profitability, leverage, industry profile, and auditor type. The results revealed that the most influential variable for explaining firms' variation in human resource disclosure is firm size followed by firm age and profitability. Thus, it can be concluded that firm size, firm age and profitability are major predictors that may affect the variety of HRA disclosure practices on firms listed in the Vietnam Stock Exchange. However, neither industry profile nor auditor type seems to explain differences in human resource disclosure practices between Vietnamese listed firms, indicating that company's industry profile and auditor type are not a matter for the company to disclose HRA information.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.77-85
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• 2020

The aim of this study is two-fold. Firstly, it attempts to assess the level of management accounting practices (MAPs) in manufacturing companies in Vietnam. Secondly, it purports to explore the impact of potential contingency factors on the current level of MAPs in the sample of studied companies from the industrial sector in Vietnam. The study examines the hypotheses that MAPs in Vietnamese manufacturing firms are affected by a range of contingent variables. A quantitative research was conducted by sending questionnaires to the target respondents that comprise both accountants and managers in 160 manufacturing enterprises in the north of Vietnam. The first main findings from the study reveal that MAPs in Vietnam are mainly traditional rather than contemporary ones, and oriented toward the short-term rather than the long-term. The second main research findings resulted from multiple regression model show that MAPs in Vietnam are significantly affected by company size, commitment of directors, advanced manufacturing technology, and distinct number of products. However, no significant associations are found between MAPs and intensity of competition from the emerging market as hypothesized in this study. Research findings are bases for recommendations to promote the application of contemporary practices and enhance management accounting functions in manufacturing companies in Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.271-280
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• 2020

The study aims to provide some evidence of the effects of CSR practices on financial-based brand equity in Malaysia. Nowadays, many companies have embraced corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices because CSR is a vital component of the current competitive and complex business arena. It contributes greatly to social, environmental, and economic condition. With CSR practices, companies are able to achieve many benefits and there is evidence that CSR practices predict higher brand equity. However, little evidence has been produced concerning the effects of CSR practices on financial aspects of brand equity in developing countries such as Malaysia. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effects of CSR practices on financial based brand equity among Malaysia Top 100 brand. A CSR checklist instrument was used in the current study to examine the extent of CSR practiced. The results indicated that PLCs that were actively involved in CSR practices such as environmental, community, workplace and marketplace, found that this involvement enhanced their brand equity. The findings provide useful support and evidence for the management of PLCs in Malaysia, as well as companies in other developing countries, to engage more in CSR practices as a core element of their strategic and brand management.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.20-46
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• 2007

Given the pressures to promote the efficient utilization of medical resources, hospitals have developed cost accounting systems in several countries. This study discusses the recent development and problems of hospital cost accounting practices in three countries: UK, US, and Japan. first, we discuss a cost accounting structure and detailed pictures of costing practices. Second, problems of current systems arc reviewed and then possible remedies are discussed. Third, we provide implications for implementing the systems(especially ABC). finally, we assert that infrastructure(hospital information systems, database, etc.) must be established and the target level of costing has to be considered before organization-wide application.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2023

This study seeks to ascertain whether publicly listed Jordanian corporations (listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE)) exhibit accounting conservatism and whether such companies distribute dividends to stockholders. Furthermore, this study delves into the implications of accounting conservatism on dividend policy in the context of the quality of financial statements of publicly listed Jordanian companies listed on the ASE. To accomplish the aims of this study, the Quality of financial reporting is treated as a moderator for the relationship between accounting conservatism and dividend distribution. Hence, a panel data approach was utilized, which encompasses cross-sectional data for 95 industrial and service establishments for the period (2013-2017). The study found that accounting conservatism has a negative impact on dividends and that there is no difference in the impact of accounting conservatism on dividends based on the quality of financial reports. The study concluded with a number of recommendations, the most salient of which is the need for companies to enhance their concentration on accounting conservatism and adopt a suitable policy for dividends. Thus, this research provides an insights into the financial practices of Jordanian publicly listed corporations and highlights the need for a more informed decision-making process concerning dividends and accounting practices.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.12-24
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• 2016

Fraudulent financial reporting practices can have significant consequences for organizations and all stakeholders, as well as, for public confidence in the capital and security markets. In fact, comprehensive, accurate and reliable financial reporting is the bedrock upon which our markets are based. Keen to project a rosy picture of the Satyam to investors, employees and analysts, Mr. Raju (CEO and Chairman) fudged the account books so that it appeared to be a far bigger enterprise, with high profits and fast growth rate, than it actually was. The Satyam fraud has shattered the dreams of different categories of investors, shocked the government and regulators alike, and led to questioning of the accounting practices of statutory auditors and corporate governance norms in India. This is an exploratory study based on secondary sources of information. An attempt has been made to provide an explanation for various intriguing questions about Satyam scam. After thorough investigations by the CBI and SEBI, they have unveiled the methodology by which Satyam fraud was engineered. Finally, we recommend "Fraudulent reporting practices should be considered as a serious crime, and accounting bodies, courts and other regulatory authorities in India need to adopt very strict punitive measures to stop such unethical practices."

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.209-217
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• 2020

Taxes are levied in almost every country, primarily to raise revenue for government expenditures. This study explores factors influencing tax compliance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Data from 376 SMEs, who are business taxpayers, were collected through a researcher-administered questionnaire survey method. The results indicate that six groups of factors have significant impacts on tax compliance among Vietnamese SMEs. These groups include: Business characteristics (BC), Characteristics of accounting practices within organization (AP), Awareness of tax obligations (TO), Tax policy (TP), View on tax compliance (TC), and Probability of tax examination on taxpayer compliance (TE). Multivariate analysis was adopted; Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated, then, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used. The findings show that, among these six factors, the most influential is Characteristics of accounting practices (AP). Thus, it is recommended that tax agencies should help SMEs improve their accounting skills and increase their knowledge by organizing training workshops and short courses on taxation. SMEs also need to have an adequate accounting system in accordance with principles and standards prescribed by the Tax Law. It is expected that this study can provide important insights and understandings to policy-makers, practitioners, academicians and other regulatory authorities in tax policy formulations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.273-285
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• 2022

Using data from a departmental profit and loss management questionnaire survey conducted for a group of hospitals consisting of various establishment entities, this study evaluates the effectiveness of departmental profit and loss management practices, such as break-even analysis, based on objective performance data. The study also examines whether the implementation of departmental profit and loss accounting is still effective in improving profitability in the financial year 2021 and whether the effectiveness of the implementation of departmental profit and loss accounting is robust. This study reconfirmed that the implementation of departmental profit-and-loss accounting has a positive effect on objective financial performance in hospitals and that the effect of improving profitability can be enhanced by implementing it monthly with high frequency and regularity and by using the accounting results more actively. It was also found that the department's implementation of break-even analysis had a positive impact on financial performance, which was enhanced by more active use of the data. Given the current economic climate, a hospital organization's active participation in income statement management, not only for the hospital as a whole but also for each department, would be an effective management activity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.687-696
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• 2020

Accounting policies are principles and practices by which an entity uses to recognize, measure and report economic transactions. Improper application of accounting policies can lead to misrepresentation of firms' financial position and performance which consequently results in incorrect accounting information to the users. This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the choices of accounting policies in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam by reviewing relevant literature to build a research model. The research model comprises of one dependent variable that is income-decreasing accounting procedures and six independent variables namely the firm size, financial leverage, incentives, auditor, accountants, and tax policies. After this, the authors collected primary data from more than 200 questionnaires sent to directors and chief accountants of the SMEs for the period 2018 to 2019. We then used Ordinary Least Squares regression method (OLS) to analyze the data. The results showed that four factors influenced selection of accounting policies in which auditors are associated with income-increasing accounting policies; and there are three factors associated with income-decreasing accounting policies which are, company size, tax and accountant. Especially, the research results indicate that company size has a significant influence on the selection of accounting policies in the SMEs. Based on the results, we propose instructive suggestions for regulators and lawmakers improve choices of accounting policies in the SMEs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.365-371
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• 2021

In the wake of several high-profile corporate accounting scandals, there has been evidence that companies are more eager to hire Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) with an accounting background. This signals that CEOs with an accounting background are recognized and trusted by the corporate world to boost the quality of financial reporting of a company. If it is so, in the context of combating the earnings management, hiring CEOs with an accounting background (being a conservative accounting practitioner), could become one of the effective internal corporate governance mechanisms (CGM) to bring down the earnings management activities. This study attempts to provide insight into the level of conservatism of the CEO with an accounting background. Following Basu (1997) and Khan and Watt (2009), the firm-year measure of conservatism (C_Score) was obtained, which later was associated with the accounting education of the CEO to determine their relationship. As expected, CEOs with accounting background exhibit a higher level of moral reasoning than their non - accounting educated counterparts. The finding of this study is useful to persuade the policymaker to consider lifting the trend of hiring a CEO with an accounting background as one of the best practices that the companies can work out to lessen earnings management activities.