• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.475-487
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• 2020

The paper aims to facilitate a discussion around how big data technologies and data from citizens can be used to help public administration, society, and policy-making to improve community's lives. This paper discusses opportunities and challenges of big data strategies for government, society, and policy-making. It employs the presentation of numerous practical examples from different parts of the world, where public-service delivery has seen transformation and where initiatives have been taken forward that have revolutionized the way governments at different levels engage with the citizens, and how governments and civil society have adopted evidence-driven policy-making through innovative and efficient use of big data analytics. The examples include the governments of the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and India, and different levels of government agencies in the public services of fraud detection, financial market analysis, healthcare and public health, government oversight, education, crime fighting, environmental protection, energy exploration, agriculture, weather forecasting, and ecosystem management. The examples also include smart cities in Korea, China, Japan, India, Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. This paper makes some recommendations about how big data strategies transform the government and public services to become more citizen-centric, responsive, accountable and transparent.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

Medical schools have been working to produce competent doctors and improve the quality of care by introducing and implementing new curricula and innovative teaching and learning methods. Despite these efforts, health disparities within and between countries still exist. To close these gaps, medical schools must identify the priorities of the community, region, and/or nation and conduct education, research, and service that reflect them-the core foundation of the social accountability of medical schools. Many medical schools and networks around the world have tried to achieve social accountability, but this needs more attention in Korea. This study will review the literature in aims to improve understanding and promote the implementation of the social accountability of medical schools. Most medical schools that practice the principles of social accountability focus primarily on the medically underserved in their communities or those who have limited access to health services, and have built collaborative partnerships with stakeholders to meet the needs of society. In addition, in order to implement social accountability effectively and efficiently, medical schools have developed strategies and various evaluation frameworks appropriate to the context of each school. To have more socially accountable medical schools, it is necessary to clarify the concept of social accountability and to establish a system that can evaluate the impacts. Medical schools exist to alleviate suffering and promote health, and this can be accomplished through social accountability.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2022

Generally developed for medical testing, electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings seizure the cardiac electrical signals from the surface of the body. ECG study can consequently be a vital first step to support analyze, comprehend, and expect cardiac ailments accountable for 31% of deaths globally. Different tools are used to analyze ECG signals based on computational methods, and explicitly machine learning method. In all abovementioned computational simulations are prevailing tools for cataloging and clustering. This review demonstrates the different effective methods for heart disease based on computational methods for ECG analysis. The accuracy in machine learning and three-dimensional computer simulations, among medical inferences and contributions to medical developments. In the first part the classification and the methods developed to get data and cataloging between standard and abnormal cardiac activity. The second part emphases on patient analysis from entire ECG recordings due to different kind of diseases present. The last part represents the application of wearable devices and interpretation of computer simulated results. Conclusively, the discussion part plans the challenges of ECG investigation and offers a serious valuation of the approaches offered. Different approaches described in this review are a sturdy asset for medicinal encounters and their transformation to the medical world can lead to auspicious developments.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2023

African breast cancer patients benefit less from classical pathology services owing to the complex molecular and clinicopathological nature of the disease, poor quality of laboratory supplies, and shortage of experts in the field. This review presents evidence and confirms the need for improving anatomic pathology services in Africa. Peer-reviewed international journal articles available in Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google scholars, describing the status of pathology services in Africa, were included. Besides the late presentation of patients, anatomic pathology laboratories are accountable for the escalated mortality of breast cancer patients in several parts of Africa. Conversely, molecular diversity and biological heterogeneity of breast cancers, which disprove the one-size-fits-all therapeutic approach, have been reported from different parts of the continent. Irrespective of the geographical background, the choice of therapeutic options and predicting disease outcome depends on the right identification of the molecular signature of the cancer type. In conclusion, we propose that upgrading and integrating anatomic pathology with molecular diagnostic pathology is essential in order to provide better diagnostic results that will profoundly impact curbing mortality from breast cancers.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2023

In the commercialization stage of level 4 or higher autonomous driving, the need for new legal system related to drive safely has increased in order to meet the improved level of technological development. Especially human drivers should not be legally accountable for road safety in the era of autonomous vehicles and thus safety standards for operation of autonomous vehicles are significant. To address this issue, the German Road Traffic Act was revised in 2021, adding provisions corresponding to the commercialization of self-driving vehicle of level 4 and in the similar context the Japanese Road Traffic Ac was amended in 2022. This Article draws implications for legislative discussions on driving-related responsibilities of driverless autonomous vehicle to ensure driving safety in Korea through recent amendments in Germany and Japan.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1450-1470
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• 2023

In a Vehicular Cloud (VC) network, an announcement protocol plays a critical role in promoting safety and efficiency by enabling vehicles to disseminate safety-related messages. The reliability of message exchange is essential for improving traffic safety and road conditions. However, verifying the message authenticity could lead to the potential compromise of vehicle privacy, presenting a significant security challenge in the VC network. In contrast, if any misbehavior occurs, the accountable vehicle must be identifiable and removed from the network to ensure public safety. Addressing this conflict between message reliability and privacy requires a secure protocol that satisfies accountability properties while preserving user privacy. This paper presents a novel announcement protocol for secure communication in VC networks that utilizes group signature to achieve seemingly contradictory goals of reliability, privacy, and accountability. We have developed the first comprehensive announcement protocol for VC using group signature, which has been shown to improve the performance efficiency and feasibility of the VC network through performance analysis and simulation results.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2024

This study seeks to provide implications for domestic-related policies through exploratory analysis research to support AI-based policy decision-making. The following should be considered when establishing an AI-based decision-making model in Korea. First, we need to understand the impact that the use of AI will have on policy and the service sector. The positive and negative impacts of AI use need to be better understood, guided by a public value perspective, and take into account the existence of different levels of governance and interests across public policy and service sectors. Second, reliability is essential for implementing innovative AI systems. In most organizations today, comprehensive AI model frameworks to enable and operationalize trust, accountability, and transparency are often insufficient or absent, with limited access to effective guidance, key practices, or government regulations. Third, the AI system is accountable. The OECD AI Principles set out five value-based principles for responsible management of trustworthy AI: inclusive growth, sustainable development and wellbeing, human-centered values and fairness values and fairness, transparency and explainability, robustness, security and safety, and accountability. Based on this, we need to build an AI-based decision-making system in Korea, and efforts should be made to build a system that can support policies by reflecting this. The limiting factor of this study is that it is an exploratory study of existing research data, and we would like to suggest future research plans by collecting opinions from experts in related fields. The expected effect of this study is analytical research on artificial intelligence-based decision-making systems, which will contribute to policy establishment and research in related fields.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines or software, in contrast to human intelligence. Generative AI technologies, such as ChatGPT, have emerged as valuable research tools that facilitate brainstorming ideas for research, analyzing data, and writing papers. However, their application has raised concerns regarding authorship, copyright, and ethical considerations. Many organizations of medical journal editors, including the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Association of Medical Editors, do not recognize AI technology as an author. Instead, they recommend that researchers explicitly acknowledge the use of AI tools in their research methods or acknowledgments. Similarly, international journals do not recognize AI tools as authors and insist that human authors should be accountable for the research findings. Therefore, when integrating AI-generated content into papers, it should be disclosed under the responsibility of human authors, and the details of the AI tools employed should be specified to ensure transparency and reliability.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2012

Sino-Japanese relations suffered a great setback during the premiership of Koizumi $Jun'ichir{\bar{o}}$ (2001-2006). Although many factors, such as dispute over the resources of the East China Sea or Japan's anxiety about China's growing military expenditures, are accountable for this situation, it was Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine that became a symbol of the controversies between the two countries. The Yasukuni issue triggered a real eruption of profound anti-Japanese feelings among the Chinese people. While commentators in China accused Koizumi of glorifying militarism and whitewashing the atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers during the Second World War, the Japanese public started perceiving China's "exaggerated" reaction as a convenient diplomatic tool used by China to apply pressure on Japan in other bilateral disputes. On the one hand, spontaneous protests against Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine constituted a great constraint in China's diplomacy towards Japan, but on the other, they also became an ideal pretext for adopting a tougher stance in Chinese foreign policy. In this paper, I examine different points of view on the Yasukuni issue. After describing the Japanese background of the visits to the controversial shrine, I analyze various interpretations of China's reaction to the problem. Although emotions dominated discourse on the Yasukuni issue both in Japan and China, some pragmatic attempts to use this problem can still be seen. Besides being a side-effect of Koizumi's strong personality, the Yasukuni issue could be used either as a tool of factional struggle in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) or as an instrument of Chinese foreign policy towards Japan.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2003

The main issues addressed in this paper are as follows : First, this paper makes a distinction among types of e-money, IC card type versus Network type, open-loop type versus closed-loop type, online type versus offline type and accountable type versus unaccountable type, and analysis the clear and accurate criterion. Second, generally speaking, e-money is a claim on originator of e-money and not legal tender, so, delivery of e-money by itself does not relieve of monetary obligation. Between it is not easy to define e-money, by now there are many definitions of e-money, there is a legal uncertainty accordingly and then it is not easy to find proper law applicable to resolve a particular issue. As a result. many problems relating to e-money would be solved through analogical application of the moot proper law among the laws that apply to the cash, check, credit card, or fund transfer after analyzing type of e-money at issue. This paper studies the methods on diffusion of the utilization of electronic money. To diffuse the usage of electronic money, it need; prerequisitely as a basic conditions independence of electronic money, non-reusability, and anonymity. And also as a additional conditions it need; usability in the offline commerce, transferability, divisibility. And now electronic money is used very actively, but still has many Jaw problems such as protections of consumer, law enforcement, supervisory, etc. So electronic money has called as money, but it is sure that electronic money is not a legal tender. So to facilitate the economic function of the electronic monel it is need to supplement the electronic money in the legal sides.