• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.268-279
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• 2021

Citrus scab, caused by the fungal pathogen Elsinoë fawcettii, is one of the most important fungal diseases affecting Citrus spp. Citrus scab affects young tissues, including the leaves, twigs, and fruits, and produces severe fruit blemishes that reduce the market value of fresh fruits. To study the molecular responses of satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu) to E. fawcettii, plant hormone-related gene expression was analyzed in response to host-compatible (SM16-1) and host-incompatible (DAR70024) isolates. In the early phase of infection by E. fawcettii, jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related gene expression was induced in response to infection with the compatible isolate. However, as symptoms advanced during the late phase of the infection, the jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related gene expression was downregulated. The gene expression patterns were compared between compatible and incompatible interactions. As scabs were accompanied by altered tissue growth surrounding the infection site, we conducted gibberellic acid- and abscisic acid-related gene expression analysis and assessed the content of these acids during scab symptom development. Our results showed that gibberellic and abscisic acid-related gene expression and hormonal changes were reduced and induced in response to the infection, respectively. Accordingly, we propose that jasmonic and salicylic acids play a role in the early response to citrus scab, whereas gibberellic and abscisic acids participate in symptom development.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1974

Arsenic toxicity of rice and the interaction between As and Zn were studied in a greenhouse experiment. The symptom of As toxicity of rice was the growth retardation of tops and roots accompanied by wilting. The toxicity was observed even on the 1 ppm arsenic treated soils. Zinc applictiaon reduced As toxicity but it did not depress the As uptake by rice, while As reduced the Zn uptake by rice. There-fore, the applied Zn apparantly conpensated for the depressed Zn up-take due to As toxicity. Iron deficiency was observed during the experiment, and this was probably due to the relatively high soil reaction, pH of the Crowley silt loam.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.207-228
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• 2009

Objective : To find the main symptoms associated with atopic dermatitis and to get the utmost out of information about cause, treatment are contribute in the treatment of atopic dermatitis rather than looking for ways through how to connect modern atopic dermatitis and a listed symptom of classic literature. Method : In this research, we recorded about the main symptoms of atopic dermatitis such as itch, erythema, edema, pus and furuncle. Also we interpreted original text by extracting a sentence containing the terms like red[赤], pus[膿], flare[發赤], dermatosis[溞], swelling[洋], light red[紅], itch[瀁], worm running[蟲行], juice[汁], rash[癮疹], variegation[疹斑] and summarized cause of symptoms, disease sign, prescription. Results : There are the cause of many symptoms accompanied by atopic dermatitis in the body that recorded unpreparedness[虛], Wind[風], Fever[熱], unpreparedness & interruption of vitality hole[氣穴不通], unpreparedness & Wind, Wind Fever[風熱], Wind Coldness[風寒], Wind Humidity[風濕], Humidity Fever[濕熱], Wind Humidity Fever, Wind of Lungs[肺風], Wind of Lungs and Spleen[脾肺風], the Kidney Wind poison[腎臟風毒], Wind of Lungs Fever, Worm[蟲], miscellaneous vitality[雜氣], unpreparedness and Fever of Heart[心虛熱], old sore of kidney poison[久瘡腎臟風毒].

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.98-100
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• 2008

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor neurological disorder in which the primary symptom is a compelling urge to move the legs, accompanied by unpleasant and disturbing sensations in the legs. Although pathophysiologic mechanism of RLS is still unclear, several evidences suggest that RLS is related to dysfunction in central nervous system involving brain and spinal cord. L-DOPA, as the precursor of dopamine, as well as dopamine agonists, plays an essential role in the treatment of RLS leading to the assumption of a key role of dopamine function in the pathophysiology of RLS. Patients with RLS have lower levels of dopamine in the substantia nigra and respond to iron administration. Iron, as a cofactor in dopamine production, plays a central role in the etiology of RLS. Functional neuroimaging studies using PET and SPECT support a central striatal D2 receptor abnormality in the pathophysiology of RLS. Functional MRI suggested a central generator of periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMs) in RLS. However, to date, we have no direct evidence of pathogenic mechanisms of RLS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.344-351
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to elucidate effects of fructooligosaccharide on gastrointestinal tract and blood lipids of rats when this was supplied as purchased condition or oligosaccharide containing sponge cake. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of 3 treatments 1) control diet 2) 7.5% fructooligosaccharide containing diet (FOS diet) 3) lyophilized sponge cake powder containing diet (FOS-C diet). The sponge cake was made with fractooligosaccharide which replaced 40% of its surose, and the final concentration of fructooligosaccharide in FOS-C diet was 7.5%. Cecal and fecal water contents, amount of cecal content, and cecal wall weight were higher from fructooligosaccharide consumption, whereas total gut transit time was longer in rats consuming fructooligosaccharide compared with those fed control diet. Cecal and fecal pH were lower in FOS and FOS-C groups than in control group. Total cecal SCFA pools were higher from ingesting fructooligosaccharide containing diets compared with control diet. Serum triglyceride levels were lower in rats fed FOS and FOS-C diet than those fed control diet, while serum cholesterol levels were unaffected by treatment. Therefore the effects of fructooligosaccharide in sponge cake on serum lipids and gastrointestinal tract were similar to those of intact fructooligosaccharide. Also, adding 7.5% of FOS accompanied diarrhea symptom which suggests some precaution are needed when using FOS.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.725-732
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• 2005

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oriental medicine therapy on insomnia and diabetic pruritus. This clinical case was analysed on a patient with diabetus mellitus whose main symptom was sleep disorder, which was attributed to pruritus. The patient was admitted on July 16th, 2004, and departed on September 3rd, 2004. He was treated internally and externally with herbal medicine, acupuncture, and bloodletting therapy. After treatment, pruritus and sleep disorder decreased. The study suggests that orental medicime therapy is effective in treatment of diabetic pruritus accompanied by insomnia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.733-740
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• 2005

Subcortical Aphasia is not among the typical eight types of aphasia. It is characterized as cerebral infarction or hemorrhage occurring in the region of the left basal ganglia internal capsule, accompanied with ventrical rounding and white matter. Subcortical aphasia is similar to transcortical aphasia in its symptom of repetition, and classification is difficult. Language ability can change rapidly over several months so a patient's convalescence is unpredictable. Because of the peculiarities of subcortical aphasia there are many conflicting hypotheses. Various clinical approaches and medical treatments for speech disorder(aphasia) have been presented. In Korean medicine, there are many studies about speech disorder, but few reports are related to subcortical aphasia. An aphasic stroke patient who was treated with acupuncture, herbal medicine(Jihwangumja), and speech-language therapy is here reported. Significant improvement in language abilities was seen over three months. Further clinical study of subcortical aphasia is needed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.193-207
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• 2007

Panic disorder is one of the anxiety disorder, characterized by panic attacks which are discrete episodes of fear accompanied by somatic symptoms such as shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, choking, dizziness, trembling and/or faintness. We experienced a 41 year-old male who complained of sudden enervation, unstable blood pressure and anxiety about self's symptoms. We bad given herbal medicines aoh cognitive & behavioral therapy. Results from studies to date suggest the cognitive behavioral therapy(CBTl are useful for depression, anxiety disorder, phobia. He understood his symptom's meaning and tried to overcome fear related to symptoms through exposure training. We concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy can be very effective methods to treat panic disorder, because patient with panic disorder has maladaptive automatic thoughts, based on dysfunctional beliefs like "I'm too weak, I have some problem."

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.566-570
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• 2015

Intramuscular myxoma (IM) is a benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. We report a rare case of IM which was located in the lumbosacral paraspinal muscles. A 62-year-old female patient presented with progressive low back pain for 2 months, and the radiologic findings showed a large mass ($4.0{\times}3.5{\times}6.5cm$) in the right lumbosacral paraspinal area. Total resection of the tumor was performed and the symptom was nearly resolved after surgery. Although the immuno-histopathological analysis was consistent with IM, there were some different findings from typical pathological characteristics of IM in this case. Firstly, the symptomatic change of the mass took relatively short time (less than 3 months), and this change was accompanied by partial calcification inside the mass. Moreover, iatrogenic interruption of paravertebral muscle by the other previous operation might be the promoting factor of the fibrous dysplasia, which can explain the pathogenesis of IM. To our knowledge, this is the eighth case of the lumbar paraspinal myxoma reported in the literatures and the first case in Asian population.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.83-102
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to review Korean medical clinical management of female overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: We reviewed domestic and foreign papers related to Korean Medicine Treatment for OAB and literatures on Korean Medicine added clinical views of authors. Results: OAB is usually diagnosed to Deficiency pattern (Kidney qi deficiency-cold, Spleen-Lung qi deficiency et al.). The primary treatment goals of OAB is improvement of urinary symptom. But a comprehensive treatment approach including improvement of accompanied symptoms such as depression, insomnia, sexual dysfunction and improvement of quality of life is needed. Warming and tonifying herbal medicine, electro-acupuncture and moxibustion using acupoints specially acting bladder function in lower abdomen and lumbar-sacral area and behavioral therapies such as lifestyle modification, bladder training are usually primary treatments. Treatment period is recommended about 3~6 months to recover and stabilize bladder function. Conclusions: OAB is a clinical area that Korean Medicine tend to be more effective. but additional research about Korean Medical Clinical Management of OAB is needed.