• 한국도시철도학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2018

본 논문은 서울교통공사 및 한국철도공사의 기관사를 대상으로 인적오류 위험요인과 관련 경험빈도에 대한 설문을 수행하여 기관별 운행시스템과 호선별 운행시스템 관점에서 오류유발 요인을 분석하였다. 도시철도 사고유발의 근본적인 원인 제거와 감소를 목적으로 하며 도시철도를 운영하는 시스템에서 발생하는 인적오류는 사고발생의 종류와 상황에 따라 대처하는 문제와 인지적 문제를 포함하고 있기 때문에 요인별 관점에서의 연구를 기반으로 접근하고자 한다. 인적오류를 감소시키는데 기여하여 도시철도 사고를 저감 하고 지속적으로 안전한 철도 운행이 될 수 있도록 하고자 한다.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

Emergency transport is directly related to the life of the patient, and rapid transport to the hospital is crucial. However, external environmental factors such as traffic or weather, interfere with hospital transport. In this study, we investigated the external environment affecting hospital transport time. We examined the transfer time and patient treatment time of emergency patients in an area of northern Gyeonggi-do from 2018 to 2020. Diagnosis after arrival at the hospital was used, and on-site treatment time was measured from paramedic arrival time at the scene to departure. Furthermore, we examined whether there was a correlation between the time paramedics left the scene and hospital arrival time through the reason for the delay as recorded in the emergency log. Traffic jams had the greatest impact on patient transport, while transport delays occurred due to heavy rain, but not snow. Among injured patients, electrical accidents were the most problematic in terms of on-site treatment time. This was because a lot of first aid is needed in electrical accidents. It must be necessary to mobilize two ambulances in an emergency through the expansion of infrastructure, prepare a plan for rapid transport in heavy rain, and implement strong laws against transport obstruction.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.441-455
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• 2010

Researchers who work in science and engineering R&D laboratories are commonly exposed to a wide range of chemical, biological and physical hazards. They also may adopt ergonomically poor postures for long periods of time. These factors may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in laboratory workers. Recently, there were several fatal accidents in the laboratories in universities and research institutes in Korea. Consequently, the 'Laboratory Safety Act' was enacted in 2006. However, there are concerns about the health risk associated with chronic exposures to hazards, as the management measures provided in this Act are very limited, focusing primarily on accident prevention and compensation for lab work-related accidents. In this article, the methods for assessing exposure to chemicals in laboratory environments are discussed. Also, epidemiological studies examining the association between laboratory exposure and health effects, including cancer and reproductive toxicity are extensively reviewed. Finally, the possible roles of environmental health professionals in this area are suggested, along with a list of critical research needs for properly assessing laboratory workers' exposure and risk.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2007

Car crashes are the leading cause of death for persons of every age. Specially, human-related factor has been known to be the primary causal factor of such crashes than vehicle-and environmental-related factors. There are various studies to analyze driver's behavior and characteristics in driving for reducing the car crashes in many areas of car engineering, psychology, human factor, etc. However, there are almost no studies which analyze mainly the human errors in driving and estimate their probabilities in terms of human reliability analysis. This study estimates the probability of human error in driving, i.e. driver error probability. First, fifty driver errors are investigated through DBQ (Driver Behavior Questionnaire) revision and the error likelihoods in driving are collected which are judged by skillful drivers using revised DBQ. Next, these likelihoods are converted into driver error probabilities using the results that verbal probabilistic expressions are changed into quantitative probabilities. Using these probabilities we can improve the warning effects on drivers by indicating their driving error likelihoods quantitatively. We can also expect the reduction effects of car accident through controlling especially dangerous error groups which have higher probabilities. Like these, the results of this study can be used as the primary materials of safety education on drivers.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2023

국내에서는 건설용 리프트, 타워크레인, 이동식 크레인 등의 건설기계에 대한 제도적·관리적 문제점 파악을 통해 안전작업개선에 관한 여러 정부 정책이 시행됐지만 여전히 관련 재해는 줄어들고 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 기존 연구에서 다루지 않았던 관리감독자, 안전관리자, 건설기계운전원의 안전작업에 대한 관점 차이를 확인하고 관련 안전교육에 대한 인식과 필요성에 대해 설문조사를 진행하였다. 조사결과 현장 작업자들이 작업에 투입되기 전 작업 방법, 안전수칙, 현장 위험요인의 인지 및 제거 등에 대한 효과적인 교육을 받았을 때 재해가 줄어들 것이라는 결론을 도출하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2023

Public institutions have a responsibility to ensure the safety of their employees and the public. One way to do this is to implement a systematic safety inspection system based on risk assessments and continuous improvements. This study developed a systematic safety inspection system for public institutions that are ordered construction projects. The proposed system in this study consists of a three-step process: (1) developing safety grade evaluation tables, (2) preparing and conducting safety inspections, and (3) evaluating and improving safety management grades. The first step is to develop safety grade evaluation tables by analysis and diagnosis of the construction site's work type, disaster statistics, and related laws. The second step is to conduct safety inspections using the developed evaluation tables. The third step is to determine the safety management grade based on the results of the safety inspection, and to improve risk factors found during the safety evaluation. The proposed system was implemented in highway construction projects carried out by public institutions. The results showed that the proposed system has two major effects: (1) reducing accident-related deaths and injuries, (2) improving safety management levels by continuous evaluation and improvement. The proposed system can be utilized in construction projects ordered by public institutions to improve the level of occupational safety and health.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2016

Although many studies have been conducted to find solutions to deal with human errors effectively, violations have been rarely studied in depth. The violation is a type of human error when an employee takes an action with intention but does not intend harmful outcomes. Violations have characteristics similar to other types of human errors but it is difficult to understand the intention of an employee from accident reports. The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual model of violation errors for preventing accidents/failures in a nuclear power plant from violation errors. Based on the previous studies, the characteristics of violations were collected in 9 categories and 136 items. They were classified into three-kinds of characteristics (human-related, task-related, organization-related characteristics) to construct conceptual models of routine/situational violations. The representative cases of accidents/failures in a nuclear power plant were analyzed to derive the specific types of routine/situational violation occurrence. Three types of conceptual model for each violation were derived according to whether the basic, human-related, and task-related characteristics are included or not. The conceptual models can be utilized to develop guidelines to support employees preventing routine/situational violations and to develop supportive system in nuclear power plant.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

Purpose: No previous study has assessed elderly pedestrian traffic accidents based on a nationwide database. This study aimed to help primary physicians who examine patients in emergency departments to determine and make prompt and accurate treatment decisions. Methods: This study used data from the Emergency Department-based Injury Indepth Surveillance from 2013 to 2017, managed by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pedestrians aged ${\geq}65years$ were included, and using multivariate logistic regression multiple factors were analyzed to determine their relationship with injury severity. Results: Of 227,695 subjects, 6,498 were included, of whom 2,065 (31.8%) were severely injured. There were more female than male patients in all severity groups. Most accidents occurred in the afternoon and on general roads. In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of injury severity for male pedestrians was 1.165 (95% confidence interval: 1.034-1.313, p=0.012). Older age of patients and the use of ambulances were associated with greater injury severity. The accident time affected the degree of injury severity; i.e., compared to dawn, injury severity increased in the morning (OR: 1.246, p=0.047) and decreased at night (OR: 0.678, p<0.001). A significant difference was noted in the correlation between the type of vehicle causing the accident and the accident severity; i.e., motorcycle accidents had lower severity than bicycle accidents (OR: 0.582, p=0.047). Conclusions: Injury severity was correlated with sex, age, transportation to the ED, TA onset time, and type of vehicle. The study results suggest that injury severity may be positively reflected in initial assessments and overall integrated treatments by physicians and in the related policies.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2017

지난 10년간 대한민국에서 발생한 전체 교통사고 수는 감소했지만, 사업용 차량의 교통사고는 꾸준히 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 특히, 연중 많은 관광객이 방문하고 렌터카를 주 교통 수단으로 이용하는 제주도의 경우 렌터카 사고 문제로 심각한 인명 피해와 사회적 비용이 야기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 제주지역에서 발생한 렌터카 사고의 특성을 비사업용 일반승용차 사고 특성과 비교 분석하였고, 사고 감소 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 지난 2년간(2014-2015년) 제주지역에서 발생한 918건의 렌터카 사고와 4,201건의 일반승용차 사고 데이터를 카이제곱검정 및 z-검정 등의 통계적 방법론을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 렌터카 사고와 일반승용차 사고의 특성은 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 렌터카 사고는 20-30대 젊은 운전자와 면허를 취득한지 얼마 되지 않은 운전자 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 인적 및 환경적 요인에 관련된 사고특성이 일반승용차와 유의한 수준 하에서 통계적으로 다르게 나타났다. 특히 운전 미숙, 낯선 지리, 익숙하지 않은 차량 등은 렌터카 사고를 유발하는 주요 원인으로 판단된다. 반면, 렌터카 사고 분석결과 차량적 요인에 대한 명확한 특징은 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 제주지역 뿐만 아니라 렌터카 운행이 증가하는 지역, 관광지 특성이 강한 지역에서 교통사고 특성 분석 및 교통안전대책 수립과정에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

This study aimed to provide the fundamental resources for developing an effective safety education program. We analyzed the condition of school accidents and safety awareness, and the condition of school safety education and the factors related to safety education. Ultimately, this study can lead the following studies to develop the safety education program realistically, which can effectively change the safety behaviors of Korean students. Methods: We carried out a questionnaire survey that was targeted at the schools - three elementary, three middle, and three high schools - located in Chung-nam, from April 1, 2012 to May 2, 2012. Totally, the questionnaires of 578 students were fully filled out. The design of this study is a descriptive research. Results: 1. 64.5% of elementary school students, 33% of middle school students and 32% of high school students had experienced more than one safety accident. The frequency of occurrence was the highest in playgrounds for elementary and middle school students, and in stairs for high school students. The most safety accidents occurred during lunch time and at recess in elementary and middle school, and at recess in high school. Further, most of the students who had experienced the safety accidents had been treated in infirmary (school nurse's office) for elementary school students, and in a hospital for middle and high school students. 2. There was statistical significance in the safety consciousness for students in elementary school (18.09 points), middle school (17.68 points), and high school (17.26 points), on a twenty-point scale. (F=3.754, p=0.024). 3. Comparing the factors related to school safety education with safety consciousness, students in elementary school that gave an answer of the usefulness of safety education showed a high standard in the safety consciousness level. (F=12.347, p=0.002) For the need of safety education, the students in the elementary school and high school that expressed the necessity of safety education showed a high standard in the safety consciousness level. Conclusions: Accordingly, it is true that there are the differences at safety awareness among elementary middle high school students. This study is meaningful enough in that it provides the fundamental resources for developing the effective safety education methods for the subjects.