• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2017

A frozen road surface increases traffic accidents during the winter season. Hence, information on easily-frozen road sections and their specificities are required to prevent traffic accidents. Frozen road surfaces are determined by equipment measuring road surface temperatures. However, there are limitations in investigating the entire road network. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new methods that effectively determine road surface freezing risks. Meteorologically, road surfaces are frozen when the actual temperature cools down to the dew point temperature. Under this condition, there is likely to be frost if relative humidity reaches 100% and frozen road surfaces as the temperature gets lower. Meteorological characteristics give us an alternative to a direct measurement road surface temperature to estimate risks of road surface freezing. Based on the clues, the relationship between severity of traffic accidents and temperature changes is empirically investigated using Paju weather data. The results reveal that as the temperature gets lower and changes in current temperature are relatively small, the severity of traffic accidents become higher. In addition, the same is true when the difference between current temperature and the dew point temperature is relatively small, as it increases possibilities of road surface freezing. Future studies must investigate how current temperature and the dew point temperature affect road surface freezing and thereby establish a time-space scope to estimate possible road surface freezing sections using only weather and road material type data. This would provide invaluable information for predicting and preventing frozen road accidents based on weather patterns.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2018

Objective : The present study had examined the psychiatric symptoms and physical health consequences for the bereaved parents of the high school students who died in the 2014 Sewol ferry accident. Methods : Forty bereaved parents participated in the study. The authors administered self-report questionnaires about the parents' health behaviors and psychiatric symptoms. The authors also conducted laboratory tests to assess the parents' physical health at 18 and 30 months after the accident. Univariate descriptive statistics were performed to report the prevalence and severity of psychiatric symptoms and health-related behaviors. Paired t-test and Mcnemar test were performed to compare the 18-and 30-month findings. Correlation analysis between psychiatric symptoms and laboratory findings were performed to find a relationship between the two variables. Results : At 30 months after the accident, most of the bereaved parents still appeared to suffer from complicated grief (97.5%), post traumatic stress disorder (80%), insomnia (77.5%) and severe depression (62.5%) based on the scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the PTSD Check List-5 (PCL-5), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). One quarter of the bereaved parents reported high-risk drinking, and 47.5% reported increased drinking amount and frequency after the accident. In objective laboratory results, 55% of the bereaved parents were obese as defined by body mass index ${\geq}25$. The parents' mean low-density lipoprotein shows a significant increase over time (118.5 mg/dL at 18 months. vs. 132.5 mg/dL at 30 months. paired t-test t=-4.061, $$p{\leq_-}0.001$$). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein at 30 months after the accident were in clinically borderline high range. In correlation analysis, triglyceride was positively correlated with ISI. Conclusion : The loss of children in the Sewol ferry accident, a disaster caused by human error, continued to have considerable impact on the victims' parents' mental and physical health 18 and 30 months after the accident. A longitudinal study following the parents' physical health would be necessary to investigate the long-term effects of this traumatic experience on physical health.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2009

본 연구는 최근 사회적으로 이슈가 되고 있는 고령자 교통사고 인적요인을 평가할 수 있는 모형 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 수행을 위해 교통안전공단의 운전자적성검사(Simulation, 설문조사) 자료를 수집하였으며, 교통사고영향 모형개발을 위해 포아송 및 음이항 회귀분석(Poisson Regression Analysis)을 실시하였다. 교통안전성 평가모형 분석결과, 고령운전자의 경우 선택적 주의능력, 속도예측능력, 주의배분능력이 교통사고에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 다음으로 비고령운전자의 경우 선택적 주의능력, 속도예측능력, 거리지각능력, 주의배분능력, 주의전환능력이 교통사고와 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 고령운전자와 비고령운전자의 사고발생에 미치는 영향요인은 서로 다르게 나타났으며, 교통사고를 미연에 방지하기 위한 최소한의 방편으로 고령운전자와 비고령운전자를 구분하여 교통사고 예방교육을 실시해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2020

Stow net fishery is one of the fishery with high fishing work accidents in southwestern sea of Korea. We conducted to serve as basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fisher using risk assessment process (ISO45001) with fishermen's occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) from 2016 to 2018. The average occurrence rate of victim in this fishery was 9.04%, 16.7 times more than such rate in all industries. In addition, the average fatality rate was found to have a very serious level management to 31.06‱, 27.7 times more than such rate in all industries. The safety hazards of stow net fishery was more likely to occur by other general industrial groups, with more severe consequences after the accident. According to 4M analysis, 58.6% of all accidents were caused by human factors, 24.0% by environmental factors, 16.0% by mechanical factors, and 1.5% by managerial factors, respectively. The occurrence frequency by accident type was the highest in 187 cases (32.2%) for struck by object, 158 cases (27.2%) for slipping, and 94 cases (16.2%) for being in contact with machinery. Severity is the highest for others such as diseases etc., in the order of being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, falling from above slipping, collapsing, bumping, and burning. Being struck by object, being in contact with machinery, and slipping are high-risk groups, falling from above others, bumping, and burning are medium-risk groups based on the risk assessment using the occurrence frequency and severity of accident. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the safe operation environment subsidy for fishing crews on the stow net fishing vessel.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Objective: Objective of this study is to provide characteristics of injury frequency and severity by driving condition in large truck-related traffic collisions. Background: Traffic accidents involving large trucks draw a lot of attention in accident prevention and management policies since they bring about severe human and financial damages. Method: In order to identify the major risk factors of accidents by driving condition, 255 recognized traffic accidents by large truck drivers were analyzed in terms of time of the day, road type, and shape of the road. Results: The driving conditions in the results are represented by the following form of combination, "Road Type (Non-expressway or Express) - Shape of Roads (Straight, Curved, Downhill, or Intersection) - Time of Accidents (Day or Night)". In the analysis of injury frequency, Non-expressway-Straight-Day condition was the most frequent one. Meanwhile, Expressway-Curved-Day, Non-expressway-Curved-Night and Non-expressway-Intersection-Night were evaluated as high level in view of injury severity. Also, Expressway-Straight-Night is the driving condition that is the highest in risk among the conditions that have to be managed as grade "High". Non-expressway-Straight-Night, Non-expressway-Downhill-Day, and Non-expressway-Curved-Day are also categorized as grade "High". Conclusion and Application: Safety managers in the fields require basic information on accident prevention that can be easily understood. The research findings will serve as a practical guideline for establishing preventive measures for traffic accidents.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2013

The estimation of occupant injury risk at crash accident is one of the most important assessments for the vehicle crashworthiness performance. The design of safety devices such as occupant restraining system also depend on the kinematics of occupant and its injury risk. The real world in-depth accident investigation provides detailed and realistic information of vehicle damage and occupant injury as well as the accident conditions. This paper introduces a statistical analysis of NASS/CDS database and domestic accident data to correlate speed change, vehicle damage extend, and occupant injury at frontal crash. The maximum crush extend shows a linear relationship with the effective impact speed. The injury risks of the occupant with and without restraining were also respectively quantified with the crush extend. This result can be effectively used for the emergent rescue of crash victims with automatic crash notification system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2015

The accident at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011, caused by an earthquake and a subsequent tsunami, resulted in a failure of the power systems that are needed to cool the reactors at the plant. The accident progression in the absence of heat removal systems caused Units 1-3 to undergo fuel melting. Containment pressurization and hydrogen explosions ultimately resulted in the escape of radioactivity from reactor containments into the atmosphere and ocean. Problems in containment venting operation, leakage from primary containment boundary to the reactor building, improper functioning of standby gas treatment system (SGTS), unmitigated hydrogen accumulation in the reactor building were identified as some of the reasons those added-up in the severity of the accident. The Fukushima accident not only initiated worldwide demand for installation of adequate control and mitigation measures to minimize the potential source term to the environment but also advocated assessment of the existing mitigation systems performance behavior under a wide range of postulated accident scenarios. The uncertainty in estimating the released fraction of the radionuclides due to the Fukushima accident also underlined the need for comprehensive understanding of fission product behavior as a function of the thermal hydraulic conditions and the type of gaseous, aqueous, and solid materials available for interaction, e.g., gas components, decontamination paint, aerosols, and water pools. In the light of the Fukushima accident, additional experimental needs identified for hydrogen and fission product issues need to be investigated in an integrated and optimized way. Additionally, as more and more passive safety systems, such as passive autocatalytic recombiners and filtered containment venting systems are being retrofitted in current reactors and also planned for future reactors, identified hydrogen and fission product issues will need to be coupled with the operation of passive safety systems in phenomena oriented and coupled effects experiments. In the present paper, potential hydrogen and fission product issues raised by the Fukushima accident are discussed. The discussion focuses on hydrogen and fission product behavior inside nuclear power plant containments under severe accident conditions. The relevant experimental investigations conducted in the technical scale containment THAI (thermal hydraulics, hydrogen, aerosols, and iodine) test facility (9.2 m high, 3.2 m in diameter, and $60m^3$ volume) are discussed in the light of the Fukushima accident.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2008

교통사고자료를 기반으로 한 사고예측모형의 개발은 사고 발생 후의 처리 측면이 보다 강하며, 교통사고 이력자료(historical data)의 취득이 쉽지않고, 경찰에 보고된 교통사고 건수와 실제 발생한 교통사고 건수와는 불일치하는 경우가 빈번히 발생한다. 또한, 교통사고 이력자료는 운전자의 인적측면이나 현장상황을 보다 현실적으로 고려하기에 어려운 단점이 있다. 근본적인 교차로에서의 안전도 향상을 위해서는 사고발생 이전에 처리할 수 있는 방법의 개발이 필요하다. 교통상충 판단기법은 적은 시간과 한정된 공간에서 조사를 통해 자료를 취득하고 분석할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 기존에 이루어지던 수동적인 분석방법은, 분석자의 주관이 반영되기 쉬운 측면이 존재하기 때문에 보다 정밀하고 정확한 교차로의 안전도를 판단하는 지표로 교통상충기법을 이용하기에는 한계가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 기존의 교통상충기법은 사고 및 상충이 가지는 심각도에 대한 고려가 부족한 측면이 중요한 단점으로 분석되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교통상충을 분석하는데 있어 각 유형별로 상충 심각도를 고려하여 상충을 판단할 수 있는 판단기준을 제시하고, 조사자의 주관이 개입됨으로써 발생할 수 있는 분석의 오류를 제거하기 위하여 영상처리기반의 개별차량 추적기법을 이용하였다. 영상처리기반의 개별차량 추적기법을 이용하여 신호교차로에서 신호위반시 주로 발생하는 대향좌회전 상충과 교차교통 상충에 대한 상충판단알고리즘을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 교통상충 판단기준의 적용을 위하여 경기도 성남시의 2개 교차로와 파주시의 1개 교차로의 영상을 취득하여 각각 30분간 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 3개 교차로에서 총 343건의 1단계 상충(신호위반) 상황이 검지되었으며, 이 중 총 25건이 3단계 상충(심각한 상충)으로 발전된 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통하여, 사고발생 이전에 발생하게 되는 상충상황의 분석을 통하여 사고다발지점 등 교차로의 안전도를 평가할 수 있는 대안으로 사용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : Fixed roadside objects are a threat to drivers when their vehicles deviate from the road. Therefore, such roadside objects need to be suitably dealt with to decrease accidents. This study determines the factors affecting the severity of accidents because of fixed roadside objects. METHODS : This study analyzed the crash severity impact of fixed roadside objects by using ordered probit regression as the analysis methodology. In this research, data from 896 traffic accidents reported in the last three years were used. These accidents consisted of sole-car accidents, fixed roadside object accidents, and lane-departure accidents on the national highway of Korea. The accident severity was classified as light injury, severe injury, and death. The factors relating to the road and the driver were collected as independent variables. RESULTS : The result of the analysis showed that the variables of the crash severity impact are the collision location (left side), gender of the driver (female), alcohol use, collision facility (roadside trees, traffic signals, telephone poles), and type of road (rural segments). Additionally, the collision location (left side), gender of the driver (female), alcohol use, collision facility (street trees, traffic signals, telephone poles), and type of road (rural segments), in order of influence, were found to be the factors affecting the crash severity in accidents due to fixed roadside objects. CONCLUSIONS : An alternative solution is urgently required to reduce the crash severity in accidents due to fixed roadside objects. Such a solution can consider the appropriate places to install breakaway devices and energy-absorbing systems.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국도로학회 2011년 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011