• Title/Summary/Keyword: Accident Models

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Development of the Expected Safety Performance Models for Rural Highway Segments (지방부 국도의 사고예측모형 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Ju-Taek;Kim, Do-Hoon;Lee, Dong-Min
    • International Journal of Highway Engineering
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.131-143
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    • 2012

  • The past researches on roadway segment safety estimation focused on intersections, which are the primary traffic accident regions. The past researches on roadway segments, However, analyzed the effects of certain factors on the traffic accident occurrence rate by organizing the individual geometric structures of the roads, and there is still a dearth of researches on the development of a traffic accident estimation model for rural roadway segments. Therefore, this research focused on rural two-lane and multilane roadway segments and developed traffic accident estimation models through the application of statistical techniques. This is required to explain such high frequency of zero counts in the traffic accident data. In this research, it was found that the Hurdle model is more suitable than the Poisson or negative binomial-regression model for explaining the excess zeros case. In addition, main variables were chosen to estimate their effects on traffic accident occurrence at rural roadway segments, and the safety at such rural roadway segments was estimated. In this research, it was assumed that there are different factors that affect the safety at two-way lane and multilane roadway segments, and a traffic accident estimation model was developed by dividing the two-way lane and multilane roadway segments.

  • https://doi.org/10.7855/IJHE.2012.14.2.131 인용 PDF KSCI

The Vehicle Accident Reconstruction using Skid and Yaw Marks (스키드마크 및 요마크를 이용한 차량사고재구성)

  • 이승종;하정섭
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.20 no.12
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2003

  • The traffic accident is the prerequisite of the traffic accident reconstruction. In this study, the traffic accident (forward collision) and traffic accident reconstruction (inverse collision) simulations are conducted to improve the quality and accuracy of the traffic accident reconstruction. The vehicle and tire models are used to simulate the trajectories for the post-impact motion of the vehicles after collision. The impact dynamic model applicable to the forward and inverse collision simulations is also provided. The accuracy of impact analysis for the vehicular collision depends on the accuracy of the coefficients of restitution and friction. The neural network is used to estimate these coefficients. The forward and inverse collision simulations for the multi-collisions are conducted. The new method fur the accident reconstruction is proposed to calculate the pre-impact velocities of the vehicles without using the trial and error process which requires the repeated calculations of the initial velocities until the forward collision simulation satisfies with the accident evidences. This method estimates the pre-impact velocities of the vehicles by analyzing the trajectories of the vehicles. The vehicle slides on a road surface not only under the skidding during an emergency braking but also under the steering. A vehicle over steering or cornering with excessive speed loses the traction and leaves tile yaw marks on the road surface. The new critical speed formula based on the vehicle dynamics is proposed to analyze the yaw marks and shows smaller errors than ones of the existing critical speed formula.

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