• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) accident, new regulatory requirements were enforced in July 2013 and a backfit was required for all existing nuclear power plants. It is required to take measures to prevent severe accidents and mitigate their radiological consequences. The Regulatory Standard and Research Department, Secretariat of Nuclear Regulation Authority (S/NRA/R) has been conducting numerical studies and experimental studies on relevant severe accident phenomena and countermeasures. This article highlights fission product (FP) release and hydrogen risk as two major areas. Relevant activities in the S/NRA/R are briefly introduced, as follows: 1. For FP release: Identifying the source terms and leak mechanisms is a key issue from the viewpoint of understanding the progression of accident phenomena and planning effective countermeasures that take into account vulnerabilities of containment under severe accident conditions. To resolve these issues, the activities focus on wet well venting, pool scrubbing, iodine chemistry (in-vessel and ex-vessel), containment failure mode, and treatment of radioactive liquid effluent. 2. For hydrogen risk: because of three incidents of hydrogen explosion in reactor buildings, a comprehensive reinforcement of the hydrogen risk management has been a high priority topic. Therefore, the activities in evaluation methods focus on hydrogen generation, hydrogen distribution, and hydrogen combustion.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.201-212
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• 1998

A methodology of the safety analysis on the fusion power plant is introduced. It starts with the understanding of the physics and engineering of the plant followed by the assessment of the tritium inventory and flow rate. We a, pp.y the probabilistic risk assessment. An event tree that explains the propagation of the accident is constructed and then it is translated in to an influence diagram, that is accident is constructed and then it is translated in to an influence diagram, that is statistically equivalent so far as the parameter updating is concerned. We follow the Bayesian a, pp.oach where model parameters are treated as random variables. We briefly discuss the parameter updating scheme, and finally develop the methodology to obtain the predictive distribution of time to next severe accident.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.1412-1420
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• 2018

An experiment was performed using the large-scale test facility (LSTF), which simulated a 1% vessel upper head small-break loss-of-coolant accident with an accident management (AM) measure under an assumption of total-failure of high-pressure injection (HPI) system in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). In the LSTF test, liquid level in the upper head affected break flow rate. Coolant was manually injected from the HPI system into cold legs as the AM measure when the maximum core exit temperature reached 623 K. The cladding surface temperature largely increased due to late and slow response of the core exit thermocouples. The AM measure was confirmed to be effective for the core cooling. The RELAP5/MOD3.3 code indicated insufficient prediction of primary coolant distribution. The author conducted uncertainty analysis for the LSTF test employing created phenomena identification and ranking table for each component. The author clarified that peak cladding temperature was largely dependent on the combination of multiple uncertain parameters within the defined uncertain ranges.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.33-50
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• 2021

Purpose: In South Korea, two kinds of mandatory insurance, Fierce Liability Insurance and Outdoor Advertising Liability Insurance sells as of February 2021 according to relevant codes. This study analyzed third party liability and personal living liability insurance in terms of various risks not corporation side but personal side arising from normal living and life. Research design, data and methodology: Some cases of drone accident hit man and fierce dog accident were taken into analysis to verify blame ratio and insurance claim money. The former case is that on the way down the elevator, the dog, American pit bull terrier rushed in and bit the lower part of the knee against the visitor. The latter case is that while flying in the sky as usual, the drone suddenly crashed, fell, and hit the head of a young child while walking on the street. Further previous studies such as third party liabilities, liability insurance, mandatory insurance were deeply analyzed. Results: Based on some case studies and previous studies, the author suggested valuable comments in turn realization of insurer as provider, exhaustive creation and operation of mandatory insurance, realization of insured as demanded, and arrangements of laws and systems in special consideration of amendment of companion animal and exhaustive execution of mandatory insurance by the government. Conclusions: This study was about third party liability, personal living liability insurance and expansion of mandatory insurance caused by relevant laws by the government. In this study the author verified what issues were observed from two cases drone accident and fierce dog accident and then suggested some valuable comment as above both systemic plans and practical plans. First of all, the individual should get Comprehensive Property Insurance(CPI) that covers the risks of his/her own property arising from the everyday life. And then the individual should further buy Personal Living Liability Insurance(PLLI) in order to prepare 'accidents that may happen when, where, or how' and overcome the said accidents. Moreover, the individual should take a look every single insurance contract whether he/she has a special terms and conditions of Personal Living Liability Insurance(PLLI) or not.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.13-27
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• 2004

Objective : The main purpose of this research is to make a survey of the effective way of the Korean traditional medical care about Traffic accidental patients. Methods : In following research, 27 patients of Traffic accident and 33 patients of Non-Traffic accident to be diagnosied as Lumbar spine Sprain who hospitalized in the Dong-shin Korean Traditional Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2003 to November 31, 2003 were surveyed. Result : 1. In distribution of sex and age, the female ratio was higher and twenties was the most distribution of age in Traffic accidental patients, the male ratio was higher and tirties was the most distribution of age in Non-Traffic accidental patients. 2. the number of patients via other hospital was much than that of the first visitor to our hospital in Traffic accidental patients, but the case of Non-Traffic accidental patients was contray results. 3. In medical Treatment, acupunture theraphy(100.0%), negative theraphy(100.0%), moxibustion theraphy(74.07%) et. was used in Traffic accidental patients, acupunture theraphy(100.0%), negative theraphy(100.0%), moxibust ion theraphy(84.84%), herbal acupunture theraphy(54.54%) et. was used in Non-Traffic accidental patients.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and visiting patterns of traffic accident outpatients Methods : In this study, we reviewed the medical charts of 2,048 traffic accident patients who visited Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2012. Results : In the distribution of gender and of age patients, the male percentage was 52.3% and the majority of patients were in their thirties(47.2%). In the distribution of the patient's initial visit, most patients visited our clinic from Monday to Wednesday. By monthly distribution, the more patients visited the clinic at the latter half of the year. In the duration of treatment, 1,389 patients(67.8%) finished treatment within four weeks. The most frequently cited sites of pain were neck(82.0%), followed closely by low back(74.0%). In the access route, 746 patients(36.4%) visited our traffic accident clinic as a first choice for primary treatment. We referred patients for radiologic examination in 159 patients(7.9%), of which the exams were mainly lumbar spine MRIs(3.6%) and cervical spine MRIs(2.8%). The most frequent diagnosis were herniated nucleus pulposus. Conclusions : This study shows that most of the patients who visited the traffic accident clinic of a Korean Medical Hospital presented neck and low back pain, and the majority showed improvement without surgical treatment. Following the increasing minor injury rate caused by traffic accidents, we expect the role of Korean Medicine Hospital to become more prominent.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

We have reviewed 2.876 patients who visited the emergency room from May, 1996 to september, 1996 in order to look for a more appropriate management of the emergency medical system. The result were summarized as followings; 1. Considering sexual distribution, male patients were 59.6% more than female patients 40.4% and according to age categories, first decade of life was most frequent. 2. Distribution according to ca use is most common for the disease 79.8%, and next injury and traffic accident is 11.6%, 6.8%, respectively. 3. According to the department distribution, pediatrics accounted for 37.4%, internal medicine 21.1%, and emergency medicine 10.0%, and these three departments was 66.3% of total number of patients. 4. 67.0% of patients visited emergency room were discharged. Arrived time in emergency room, patients of 41.9% was visited from 17 to 1 hours. 5. Among 196 patients of traffic accident, 160 were male(81.5%) and 36 were female (18.5%). Distribution of the age is most common in 3rd and 4th decade for 63.2%, and region of injury were face 33.3%, head 22.2%, and chest 22.2% and follow-up measures after visiting emergency room is most common transfer hospital 40.8%.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Purpose - This paper proposes some ideas with a view to reducing any possible accidents caused by unlicensed drivers and an illegal use of other's name, particularly by teenagers in consideration of easy and simple instruction on smartphone with very weak and mere consciousness on auto life. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzes some accident cases between cargo trucks and rental cars in South Korea, and unlicensed vehicle with unlicensed drivers who use rental cars collided with cargo trucks which were loaded a lot of goods to be delivered to buyer designated. In order to fulfill this research, a case study accompanied with literature survey was conducted. Ideal suggestion for the right growth on rental car industry will be realized by legislation of the law. Results - This paper classified bodily injury of the victim, property damage and damaged cargo arising out of the unlicensed who is driving on car sharing service in South Korea. Conclusions - For the purpose of reducing cargo accidents caused by unlicensed drivers and an illegal use of other's name particularly by teenagers, this paper proposes some ideas of Amendment of the law, Paradigm shift of car sharing company, Preparation by association side and Technical Complementary Measures in South Korea.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

Purpose - This thesis is to develop a management plan and checklist by analyzing the prevention of accidents in advance by presenting the management plan for the major causes of railway accidents. Research design, data and methodology - In recent 5 years, we have analyzed the cases of railway accident, presented the management plan for the accident, and made a practical safety checklist focusing on the main measures according to the management plan. Results - The analysis of the cases of near-railway accidents suggests more concrete and practical safety management measures because the similar accidents are continuously occurring due to formal safety management. Conclusions - It is more valuable to apply to the adjacent construction of the railway line by creating a detailed checklist based on cases rather than the existing checklist. This study is written only as a human factor. For future real - time safety management, it is necessary to study more precisely cause analysis and safety equipment as a big data - based safety control system for more systematic safety management.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.484-497
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• 2021

This paper proposes an extended time uncertainty analysis approach in Level 2 human reliability analysis (HRA) considering severe accident management (SAM) strategies. The method is a time-based model that classifies two time distribution functions-time required and time available-to calculate human failure probabilities from delayed action when implementing SAM strategies. The time required function can be obtained by the combination of four time factors: 1) time for diagnosis and decision by the technical support center (TSC) for a given strategy, 2) time for strategy implementation mainly by the local emergency response organization (ERO), 3) time to verify the effectiveness of the strategy and 4) time for portable equipment transport and installation. This function can vary depending on the given scenario and includes a summation of lognormal distributions and a choice regarding shifting the distribution. The time available function can be obtained via thermal-hydraulic code simulation (MAAP 5.03). The proposed approach was applied to assess SAM strategies that use portable equipment and safety depressurization system valves in a total loss of component cooling water event that could cause reactor vessel failure. The results from the proposed method are more realistic (i.e., not conservative) than other existing methods in evaluating SAM strategies involving the use of portable equipment.