• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2019

The collection, evaluation and conservation of crop germplasm have been treated as one of the basics to breeding program. An understanding of genetic relationships among germplasm resources is vital for future breeding process like yield, quality, and resistance. In the present study, EST-SSR markers were employed to assess the polymorphism and genetic diversity of 192 accessions of Proso millet preserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center of RDA. We evaluated the efficiency of EST-SSR markers developed for proso millet species. A total of 98 alleles were detected with an average allele number of 4.5 per locus among 192 proso millet millet accessions using 22 EST-SSR markers. The averaged values of gene diversity ($H_E$) and polymorphism information content (PIC) for each EST-SSR marker were 0.362 and 0.404 within populations, respectively. Our results showed the moderate level of the molecular diversity among the proso millet accessions from diverse countries. A phylogenetic tree revealed three major groups of accessions that did not correspond with geographical distribution patterns with a few exceptions. The less correlation between the clusters and their geographic location might be considered due to their type difference. Our study provided a better understanding of genetic relationships among various germplasm collections, and it could contribute to more efficient utilization of valuable genetic resources. The EST-SSR markers developed here will serve as a valuable resource for genetic studies, like linkage mapping, diversity analysis, quantitative trait locus/association mapping, and molecular breeding.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

홍화의 새로운 품종육성을 위하여 국내외에서 수집된 홍화의 외관상 나타나는 형태적인 특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수집된 홍화의 16계통중 단간(90∼110cm)인것이 6계통, 중간(111∼130cm)인 것은 5계통, 장간(131cm이상)인것은 5계통이었으며 장간은 국외 도입계통이었다. 2. 국내 수집 종 2계통은 주당 분지수가 11∼13개의 소분지형이었으며 도입종들은 50개이상의 다분 지형이었다. 3. 잎의 형태는 장타원형이 3계통, 피침형이 10계통, 넓은 선상형은 3계통으로 피침형이 가장 많았으며 잎의 가장자리 거치형태는 파도 물결 모양의 둔거치가 7계통으로 가장 많았고 4계통은 거치가 있었으며 깊게 찢어진 심열거치는 5계통이었다. 4.꽃의 색깔은 백색 1계통, 황색 13계통, 주황색 2계통이었으며 두장화의 형태는 원뿔형이 대부분이며(14계통)편형이 2계통이었고 화두 포엽의 끝은 가시형이 11계통이었고 무가시형은 5계통이었다. 5. 종자의 형태는 원뿔형이 11계통, 타원형은 5계통으로 국내 수집계통은 모두 원뿔형이었으며 도입계통은 타원형으로 대립이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.315-328
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• 2021

Fusarium and Rhizoctonia genera are important pathogens of many field crops worldwide. They are constantly evolving and expanding their host range. Selecting resistant cultivars is an effective strategy to break their infection cycles. To this end, we screened a collection of Medicago truncatula accessions against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia solani strains isolated from different plant species. Despite the small collection, a biodiversity in the disease response of M. truncatula accessions ranging from resistant phenotypes to highly susceptible ones was observed. A17 showed relative resistance to all fungal strains with the lowest disease incidence and ratings while TN1.11 was among the susceptible accessions. As an initiation of the characterization of resistance mechanisms, the antioxidant enzymes' activities, at the early stages of infections, were compared between these contrasting accessions. Our results showed an increment of the antioxidant activities within A17 plants in leaves and roots. We also analyzed the responses of a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from the crossing of A17 and TN1.11 to the infection with the same fungal strains. The broad-sense heritability of measured traits ranged from 0.87 to 0.95, from 0.72 to 0.96, and from 0.14 to 0.85 under control, F. oxysporum, and R. solani conditions, respectively. This high estimated heritability underlines the importance of further molecular analysis of the observed resistance to identify selection markers that could be incorporated into a breeding program and thus improving soil-borne pathogens resistance in crops.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2017

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) is an important cereal crop in eastern Africa and southern India with excellent grain storage capacity and the unique ability to thrive in extreme environmental conditions. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of finger millet using 12 developed microsatellites. By sequencing 815 clones from an SSR-enriched genomic DNA library, we obtained 12 polymorphic SSR markers, which also revealed successful amplicons in finger millet accessions. Using the developed SSR markers, we estimated genetic diversity and population structure among 76 finger millet accessions in Asia, Africa, and unknown origins. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 9, with an average of 3.3 alleles. The mean values of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.27 and 0.35, respectively. The average polymorphism information content was 0.301 in all 76 finger millet accessions. AMOVA analysis showed that the percentage of molecular variance among the populations was 1%, that among individuals was 5%, and that within individuals was 94%. In STRUCTURE analysis, the 76 finger millet accessions were divided into two subpopulations which had an admixture of alleles. There was a correspondence among PCoA, AMOVA, and population structure. This study may form the basis for a finger millet breeding and improvement program.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2021

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is widely cultivated in tropical regions worldwide owing to its high nutritional value. Finger millet is more tolerant against biotic and abiotic stresses such as pests, drought, and salt than other millet crops; therefore, it was proposed as a candidate crop to adapt to climate change in Korea. In 2019, we used expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of 102 finger millet accessions from two geographical regions (Africa and South Asia) to identify appropriate accessions and enhance crop diversity in Korea. In total, 40 primers produced 116 alleles, ranging in size from 135 to 457 bp, with a mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.18225. Polymorphism was detected among the 40 primers, and 13 primers were found to have PIC values > 0.3. Principal coordinate and phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined data of both markers, grouped the finger millet accessions according to their respective collection areas.Therefore, the 102 accessions were classified into two groups, one from Asia and the other from Africa. We have conducted an in-depth study on the finger millet landrace pedigree. By sorting out and using the molecular characteristics of each pedigree, it will be useful for the management and accession identification of the plant resource. The novel SSR markers developed in this study will aid in future genetic analyses of E. coracana.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 2023

Adzuki beans have gained popularity in recent years due to their health benefits. Breeding of Adzuki beans is less favorable than with other legumes due to low genetic diversity. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 252 adzuki bean germplasms from China, Japan, and Korea using 18 agro-morphological parameters and comparing their performance to three prominent Korean cultivars: Geomguseul, Arari, and Chungjupat. Leaf shape, pod color, and seed coat color were among the qualitative traits that showed wide variations. The quantitative variables also showed wide variations among adzuki bean germplasms. Although there was no significant difference (p < 0.05), the average rate of germination declined in the order of Korean (91.44%) > Chinese (91.31%) > Japanese (87.47%) adzuki beans. Chinese adzuki beans needed fewer days to flower (DF, 58.22 days) and days to mature (DM, 107.13 days), which varied significantly compared to the Korean and Japanese adzuki beans (p < 0.05). The average number of pods per plant (PPP) and one-hundred seeds weight (HSW) were higher in Japanese adzuki beans compared to the Korean and Chinese adzuki beans although the variation of each was not significant. Almost 29.76% of the accessions had early-blooming flowers, 3.97% were premature, 21.43% produced more PPP, and 3.97% yielded more SPP compared to control cultivars. Results of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses revealed three clusters with significant variation in all quantitative variables except for RG (p < 0.05). The key factors in multivariate analyses were DF, DM, and HSW. Our study investigated the genetic diversity of adzuki bean accessions and identified ten early maturing and ten high PPP-yielding accessions. Our findings would help farmers and breeders to select the top-performing accessions that can provide them with various options.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제68권3호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2023

Peanuts, also known as groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), are globally recognized as a vital oilseed crop. Peanuts are rich in proteins (e.g., arginine), oils (e.g., oleic acid and linoleic acid), fiber, vitamins (e.g., niacin and tocopherol), and carbohydrates and are consumed worldwide. However, the presence of aflatoxin (AF) has garnered substantial attention since its initial discovery as the causative agent of Tukey's X disease in the United Kingdom in 1960. Among the 18 aflatoxins identified, aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) has the highest toxic activity and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. It is classified as Group I by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The present study was conducted to evaluate aflatoxin B₁ resistance of 102 peanut accessions and select putative aflatoxin B₁-resistant peanut accessions to aflatoxin B₁. One hundred and one Korean germplasms harvested in 2020 were inoculated with A. flavus to identify aflatoxin-resistant cultivars, and the aflatoxin B₁ concentration was measured using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector. Twenty-six accessions with aflatoxin B₁ concentrations lower than those of the check plant 55-437 were chosen for the development of aflatoxin-resistant varieties in Korea. As Korean aflatoxin-resistant varieties have not yet been developed, the findings of the present study are expected to provide useful information for the development of aflatoxin-resistant cultivars.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2009

본 연구는 우리나라와 일본에서 재배 및 이용하고 있는 들깨, 차조기 그리고 이들 잡초형 69 계통들에 대하여 종자 특성 및 종자발아 변이에 대한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 재배형 들깨에서 측정된 100립중은 0.177 g에서부터 0.402 g까지의 범위였고, 종자경도는 대부분의 계통들이 잘 부스러지는 부드러운 특성을 지니고 있었으나, 일부 계통들은 잘 부스러지지 않는 딱딱한 특성을 지니고 있었다. 반면에 잡초형 들깨에서 측정된 100립중은 0.045 g에서부터 0.172 g까지의 범위였고, 종자경도는 모든 계통들이 잘 부스러지지 않는 딱딱한 특성을 지니고 있었다. 2. 재배형 차조기에서 측정된 100립중은 0.054 g에서부터 0.101 g까지의 범위였고, 잡초형 차조기에서 측정된 100립중은 0.059 g에서부터 0.135 g까지의 범위였으며, 그리고 이들의 종자경도는 모든 계통들이 잘 부스러지지 않는 딱딱한 특성을 지니고 있었다. 3. 실온 및 $28^{\circ}C$ 항온조건의 발아율 조사에서 수확 후 1개월째에서는 들깨의 잡초형 그리고 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들은 대부분이 50% 이하의 낮은 발아율을 나타내었으나, 재배형 들깨의 일부 계통들이 50% 이상의 발아율을 나타내었다. 그리고 2개월 및 3개월이 경과한 상태에서 들깨의 재배형 및 잡초형 그리고 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들은 50% 이상의 발아율을 나타내는 계통들이 많이 나타났다. 4. 들깨와 차조기 작물의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들에서의 평균발아율 및 평균발아세는 수확 후 1개월째에서 가장 낮고 수확 후 3개월째에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 또한 실온 및 $28^{\circ}C$ 항온조건에서의 발아율과 발아세는 $28^{\circ}C$ 항온조건 보다는 실온조건에서 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2003

Jute is the principal coarse fiber for commercial production and use in Bangladesh. Therefore, the development of a high-yielding and environmental-stress tolerant jute variety would be beneficial for the agro economy of Bangladesh. Two molecular fingerprinting techniques, random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were applied on six jute samples. Two of them were cold-sensitive varieties and the remaining four were cold-tolerant accessions. RAPD and AFLP fingerprints were employed to generate polymorphism between the cold-sensitive varieties and cold-tolerant accessions because of their simplicity, and also because there is no available sequence information on jute. RAPD data were obtained by using 30 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. Five primers were found to give polymorphism between the varieties that were tested. AFLP fingerprints were generated using 25 combinations of selective-amplification primers. Eight primer combinations gave the best results with 93 polymorphic fragments, and they were able to discriminate the two cold-sensitive and four cold-tolerant jute populations. A cluster analysis, based on the RAPD and AFLP fingerprint data, showed the population-specific grouping of individuals. This information could be useful later in marker-aided selection between the cold-sensitive varieties and cold-tolerant jute accessions.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.316-320
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• 1999

Nine accessions of red rices collected from different regions were tested for germination characteristics in relation to seed maturity and several storage conditions after harvest. No red rice seeds germinated at five days after anthesis (DAA). Wanjuaengmi (long-grain red rice) seeds at 10DAA germinated up to 30% of total samples, producing only abnormal seedlings, whereas 10D-AA-seeds of normal cultivar showed only 3.3% germinability. Some red rice seeds absorbed more water than cultivated varieties, and showed less decrease in germination rate than cultivated varieties when seeds were exposed at -1, -5 or -1$0^{\circ}C$ for up to 60 hours after soaking. Red rice accessions maintained more than 95% germination when stored. indoor for 120 days. Two short-grain red rices showed about 50% germination when overwintered in the field, while other long-grain red rices and cultivated rices germinated less than 10%. Germination of seeds overwintered in clay loam soil was lower than that in loam soil, and seeds on surface germinated less than those in 1~7cm depth.