• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 2016

Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units or remote radio heads, are centrally managed by a reconfigurable centralized "cloud", or central, unit. C-RAN allows operators to reduce the capital and operating expenses needed to deploy and maintain dense heterogeneous networks. This critical advantage, along with spectral efficiency, statistical multiplexing and load balancing gains, make C-RAN well positioned to be one of the key technologies in the development of 5G systems. In this paper, a succinct overview is presented regarding the state of the art on the research on C-RAN with emphasis on fronthaul compression, baseband processing, medium access control, resource allocation, system-level considerations and standardization efforts.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

This paper investigates how economic freedom affected firm investment in Vietnam. In the globalization decade, economic freedom has been an important policy to support economic development in Vietnam. Improvements in economic freedom, such as capital freedom and domestic credit freedom, allow firms to access external finance more easily, so that the firm's investment depends less on internal cash flow. In a developing country, on the drawbacks, many small and medium firms likely have more challenges if the government would not give any subsidies. The higher level of freedom may exacerbate the financing constraints of less competitive firms. We analyze unique firm-level data from 2006 to 2016, which includes listed firms on two major stock exchanges and unlisted firms in the Unlisted Public Company Market. The article also considers how economic freedom affects small firms and large firms differently. Our results show that capital freedom and domestic credit freedom played an important role in investments for Vietnamese firms. However, we cannot find evidence that overall economic freedom relaxed the financial constraints on firms. Additionally, we suggest that small firms likely gain more advantage in access to external finance than do larger firms when the government removes restrictions from capital movement and the domestic credit market.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2013

This paper addresses the relationship between public housing tenure and social disadvantage. The research examines social capital levels among public tenants in Australia, concentrating on their level of interpersonal trust and confidence in a range of public institutions. Through multivariate analyses of national survey data it also profiles the social and political background of public housing tenants. Although public housing tenants have access to secure and affordable housing, they appear to be less trusting and 'happy' than private renters or homeowners, and exhibit less confidence in some institutions such as the Australian parliament, universities and the ABC (the Australian public television broadcaster). These results probably reflect the residualised nature of public housing in Australia and indicate that public tenants are likely to be 'alienated' from certain aspects of mainstream culture. However, public tenants have higher levels of confidence than homeowners in the Australian defence forces and trade unions. So public housing may 'shore up' confidence and social capital in some areas, and levels of trust would be lower if public housing was not available to disadvantaged citizens.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.519-529
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• 2020

Livelihood capitals have a clear influence on livelihood development. As for the livelihood results, it has been pointed out in the analysis of the poor households that the ability of people to escape poverty depends especially on the access to livelihood capitals. This study aims to analyze the impacts of livelihood capital on poverty among mountain people who depend on forests through human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital. This research employs the model of binary regression function. Independent variables x1, x2, …, xn are targets of livelihood strategy, vulnerability context, and livelihood capitals. These variables were selected to be included in the original model with dependent variable Y as poor and non-poor households. This study surveys households living in upland areas, near forests, and households of ethnic minorities. The results show that,out of the poor household rate, nearly 4% are newly-poor households or those falling back into poverty. Therefore, the government needs to pay more attention to this disadvantaged group and implements policies such as education and training policies, credit support policies, policies to support forest development, and payment for forest environmental services in the context of emerging countries like Vietnam.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2022

The necessity for a theoretical explanation of the negative association between capital structure and company performance is identified in this study. By focusing on accounting metrics of business performance, this study is the first to investigate the moderating effects of firm size between these variables using logical reasoning. Due to the possibility of endogeneity, this study applies a two-step system GMM approach with data from 285 non-financial enterprises from PSX over a 21-year period. For robustness, we employed pooled OLS, fixed effect, and two-step difference GMM. Our data show that leverage has a detrimental impact on business performance, with size acting as a moderator in the same direction. Our analysis empirically supports some studies while refuting others due to inconsistent results in the literature, but no study has theoretically justified their negative link. We believe that because larger companies have more and easier access to capital markets, they focus primarily on the amount of return, even if the investment is inefficient in terms of the rate of return, but small businesses do not. As a result of this thinking, firm managers' performance suffers as a result of leverage.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2016

In today's digital non-linear global business environment, innovation initiatives are influenced by inter-organizational, political, economic, environmental, technological systems, as well as by decisions made individually by key actors in these systems. Network-based structures emerge from social linkages and collaborations among various actors, creating innovation ecosystems, complex adaptive systems in which entities co-create value. A shared vision of value co-creation allows people operating individually to arrive together at the same future. Yet, relationships are difficult to see, continually changing and challenging to manage. The Innovation Ecosystem Transformation Framework construct includes three core components to make innovation relationships visible and articulate networks of relational capital for the wellbeing, sustainability and business success of innovation ecosystems: data-driven visualizations, storytelling and shared vision. Access to data facilitates building evidence-based visualizations using relational data. This has dramatically altered the way leaders can use data-driven analysis to develop insights and provide ongoing feedback needed to orchestrate relational capital and build shared vision for high quality decisions about innovation. Enabled by a shared vision, relational capital can guide decisions that catalyze, support and sustain an ecosystemic milieu conducive to innovation for business growth.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2021

Based on social capital theory, this study investigated the influence of the start-up founder's social competence on the start-up's access to funding sources and performance through the mediating role of the type of social network. This study aimed to examine two types of social networks empirically (i.e., personal networks and business networks) as social capital in analyzing the effect of the founder's social competence and social capital on the method of accessing funding sources. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 252 South Korean start-up founders whose businesses are based in South Korea. Path analysis and mediation effect analysis were performed by structural equation modeling(SEM) using STATA 16.1. This study examined the full mediating effect of the founder's social competence on his/her personal and business networks, respectively, and how the effect leads to different methods to approach funding sources. This is the first study in South Korea to analyze empirically how social competence has contrasting effects on personal and business networks as well as how each type of network varies in its influence on the method founders use to attract investment. This study is also significant in that it proposed a new methodology by utilizing the position generator as the measure of personal and business networks to analyze social networks in detail. The analyses of 252 survey data collected over a period of six months will be a valuable resource that may provide researchers, founders, investors, and other stakeholders in the start-up ecosystem with meaningful implications.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2021

This paper aims to examine economic values of green spaces for non-Capital areas that have been rarely studied. Choice experiments were applied to two dissimilar but adjoining areas: The City of Jeonju and Wanju County. Split-sample surveys allowed to compare between apartment dwellers and single- or multi-family house dwellers, and across differing types of green spaces. According to the results, significant and substantial preferences might prevail not only for large cities, but also for agricultural areas. The mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) values of apartment dwellers for the view of a river/lake or mountain were generally smaller than those of Seoul, while the overall access values showed the opposite relationships. House dwellers in Jeonju showed substantially larger economic values for green spaces than those of the counterparts in Seoul, except for the access value of a river/lake. The findings grant follow-up studies investigating the reasons for the anomalous preferences particularly in Jeonju and identifying new management policies for non-Capital areas.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2022

It is generally accepted that cultural capital is constructed through cultural environments that facilitate the cultural activities of individuals. Although public libraries foster the cultural environment and support various cultural activities, there is controversy about whether public libraries still affect the formation of cultural capital in the current evolved cultural environment. This research empirically verified the roles of public libraries in the formation of cultural capital by conducting a survey targeting public library users. As a result, public libraries as cultural institutions play an important role in providing opportunities to access and utilize cultural resources and to experience various cultural activities, which are connected to the formation of different types of cultural capital. In addition, public libraries function to close the cultural divide and social disparities by providing equal opportunities to construct cultural capital for community members.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.103-118
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• 2010

In the past, the existing Internet service was used to simply gather information and show, with the development of Web 2.0 where everyone is allowed to access and share information. Since the development of the concept and the technology of the Web 2.0, the users of Social Network Service (SNS) such as Facebook, MySpace, Youtube, Twitter, etc., have been increasing. In this study, we researched into the Social Capital formed by using SNS based on "Social Capital Theory." We constructed the survey to obtain the demographical information of the users, motive of using the SNS and the evaluation of the On-line Social Capital. The survey was aimed for the Korean and the Chinese. In addition, a multi-regression analysis was performed to explain the relationship between the function of Social Network Service and the Online Social Capital. The result of this study, presents a relationship between the Online Social Capital form and function of Social Network Service users. Therefore, the information obtained in this study can be applied when developing the service.